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When a dog is sick, administer the broth of fat meat to him, or having roasted a bullock's liver over some hot coals, and rubbed it abroad, sprinkle it like flour into the broth. 5 This is good also for puppies to strengthen their limbs, when they are first weaned from milk. But milk is the best food for the support of puppies till the ninth month, and even longer; and is serviceable to the sick and delicate, both as drink and aliment. Fasting too is beneficial to a sick dog. 7

CHAP. VIII.

CHAP. IX.

There is nothing like a soft and warm bed for greyhounds ; but it is best for them to sleep with men :-as they become Management of

the Kennel.

In panem coquit ille, cavo hic in robore caldâ
Digerit in pultem, lambendaque cœna paratur.
Nec durum sit sæpe tibi, quâ luce quietem
Artemidi debes, illos recreare calenti
Jure, minutatim scissis è vilibus extis :

Currentem, ilignisve bibant in vasibus undam.

5. Καμούσῃ δὲ ἐμβάλλειν ἢ ὕδωρ, &c. Arrian says nothing on the treatment of canine disease beyond this hint on diet.

6. The Cynosophium substitutes the lungs for the liver of a bullock, as nutriment for puppies, when deprived of milk—ei yáλa μh éxeis. See Cynosoph. p. 271. On the feeding of puppies Nemesian observes, that it should be regulated by the season of the year, atmospheric temperature, &c.

Interdumque cibo Cererem cum lacte ministra,
Fortibus ut succis teneras complere medullas

Possint, et validas jam tunc promittere vires :

but during the intense heat of summer the puppies are to be kept on lighter food, and then again on meal and whey,

Tunc rursus miscere sero Cerealia dona

Conveniet, fortemque dari de frugibus escam.

7. ̓Αγαθὸν δὲ καὶ ἡ ἀσιτία καμνούσῃ. Arrian probably wrote τῇ ἀσιτίᾳ καμνούσῃ : "prodest etiam lac quando cibi fastidio laborat canis." The remedy suggested by Demetrius of Constantinople for anorexis, “ bad feeding," I should consider more likely to increase, than cure the disease; ἐὰν ἀνορεκτῇ κύων, κύπριαν ἀνθρωπίαν δίδου φαγεῖν, κ. τ. λ.

Cynegeticus v. 161.

Ejusdem v. 182.

Cynosoph. p. 267.

CHAP. IX.
Bedding.

thereby affectionately attached-pleased with the contact of the human body, and as fond of their bedfellow as of their feeder. 1 If any ailing affect the dog, the man will perceive it, and will relieve him in the night, when thirsty, or urged by any call of nature. He will also know how the dog has rested. For if

Cynosoph. p. 263.

Sir D. Lyndsay's Complaynt of Bagsche.

Lay of the Last
Minstrel.

Mayster of Game. c. xx. fol. 71.

Encyc. Méthod.

Les chasses. p. 434.

Natalis Comes

de Venatione.

L. 1.

1. A short section of the Cynosophium is given to kennel management—kúvas μετὰ ἀνθρώπων κοιμᾶσθαι καλόν· πραεῖς γὰρ ἐκ τούτου γίνονται, καὶ φιλάνθρωποι, καὶ εὐκόλως καλοῦνται—a practical allurement of canine affection heretofore more common than at present. Modern refinement would ill bear the intimate association recommended by Arrian and Demetrius, and practised by James V. of Scotland, with his favourite Bagsche, who was wont

To lap upon the king is bed,

With claith of gold thoch it were spred.

Indeed, we rarely see the high-bred and elegant Celtic hound within the vestibule of a modern dwelling; though heretofore, in the hall of banquet,

The stag-hounds, weary of the chase,

Lay stretch'd upon the rushy floor,
And urged in dreams the forest race
From Teviot-stone to Eskdale-moor.

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Whether the Duke of York's "childe" lay with the hounds, I know not; but it
seems that he did, though not with the intention specified by our author :
'alway bi
nyght and bi day I wil that some childe lye or be in the kenel with the houndes for
to kepe hem from fyghteng," &c.

I no where find the close cutaneous contact of man and dog, enjoined in the text, recommended in the ancient Cynegetica; but Xenophon advises an intimate acquaintance between the parties in the kennel at the hours of feeding, &c.: if the hounds be fed by the huntsman, they become attached to his person, rdv didóvтa σтépyovσiv, &c. (c. vI.): and so if the Veltrarii (" les valets de lévriers, qui exercent les lévriers, et qui les lâchent à la courre") superintend the feeding their charge, the attachment thereby produced will render actual cohabitation unnecessary.

Quod superest, celeris catuli cui credita cura,
Nutriat illecebris hunc, et sibi jungat amore.
Sic facilè et noto domino parere jubenti
Disceret, acceptisque sequi vestigia signis.

2

he has passed a sleepless night, or groaned frequently in his sleep, or thrown up any of his food, it will not be safe to take him out coursing. All these things the dog's bedfellow will be acquainted with.

Nothing can be worse than for dogs to sleep with each other; and more especially so, if they touch one another in bed. For as all cutaneous irritation is removed by a man sleeping with them, so, when they sleep together, they generate every sort of foulness of skin by warmth and close contact, and are generally full of mange. To which cause

5

CHAP. IX.

2. Εἰ γὰρ ἀγρυπνήσειεν, ἐξάγειν ἐπὶ θήραν οὐκ ἀσφαλές. We find in the Hieracosophium, undisturbed sleep is deemed necessary for the hawk the night preceding a fight, ἀταράχου ὕπνου μετεχέτω.

3. 'Emorάeie—the common reading being probably corrupt, I have received the emendation of Zeune in his Index Græcitatis, επιστενάξειε.

4. Οὐδ ̓ εἴ τι ἀπεμέσειε τῶν σιτίων. Such rejection of food by vomiting is an indication of indigestion; and the latter, of course, of unfitness for the chase.

Xenophon forbids hounds to be taken out hunting unless they feed heartily; for bad feeding is an indication of bad health. De Venat. c. vi. 2.

5. Yupas éμminλarbai. Mange is a chronic inflammation of the skin, constitutional in some dogs, in others infectious, and in a few cases I have known it hereditary.

Ancient sportsmen had great dread of mange in their kennels. Gratius, the only one who has entered much into canine pathology amongst the cynegetical writers, recommends that the first dog affected with mange should be destroyed, to prevent others from catching so loathsome a disease-a radical cure!

At si deformi lacerum dulcedine corpus
Persequitur scabies, longi via pessima lethi,
In primo accessu tristis medicina; sed unà
Pernicies redimenda animâ, quæ prima sequaci
Sparsa malo est, ne dira trahant contagia vulgi.

If, however, the disease be of a mild type and slow in its progress, it is curable, he says, with an ointment which he prescribes, but which I do not introduce here, as the cutaneous detergents of the scientific Delabere Blaine will be found by the reader far more efficacious. Venesection and purgation, as recommended by Savary, are most important auxiliaries to inunction:

Gratii Cyneg. v. 408.

CHAP. IX.

CHAP. X. Rubbing down.

must be referred the very offensive and pungent stench on entering a kennel where many hounds are confined together.

Rubbing the whole body is of great service to the greyhound; no less than to the horse. 2 For it is conducive to the firmness and strength of his limbs-renders his hair soft, and skin shining, and cleanses it from all foulness.

3

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Altera latrantum pestis, commercia quæ per
Vicina insinuans sese, diffunditur agmen
In totum, tenerosque brevi depascitur artus,
Deformis scabies, hoc potu ventre soluto,
Victa fugit, si vena die sit aperta sequenti:
Atque malum bini post intervalla diei,

Toto, quod docuit Fulloxius, unguine cures.

De Langley's instructions to the kennel-man are excellent: "I wyll hym lerne that onys in the day he voyde the kenel and make it al clene, and remeve her strawe, and putt agayn ffressh new straw, a greet dele and ryght thikke; and ther as he leith it the houndes shall lye, and the place there as thei shuld lye shuld be made of tree a foot hie fro the erthe, and than the strawe should be leide upon, bi cause that the moystnesse of the erthe shuld not make hem morfound, ne engender other siknesse bi the which thei myght be the wors for huntyng," &c. And before, he says: "The skabbe cometh to hem whan thei abiden in her kenel to longe and gon not on huntyng, or ellis her litter and couche is unclene kept, or ellis the strawe is not remevid and hur water not fressh; and shortly the hound is unclene, I hold, and evel kept or long waterles, havyn comonly this mamewe."

1. The courser will not fail to observe Arrian's intimate knowledge and experience of his subject. The minute instructions communicated in this chapter on rubbing and dressing the Celtic hound," in cute curandâ," prove the great care paid by ancient coursers to the condition of the skin in running animals; without which, indeed, no greyhound can compete with an upland champaign hare.

2. The effect of friction with the hand, or hair-cloth, or flesh-brush, is farther illustrated by Nemesian, on grooming the horse :

Pulvere quinetiam puras secernere fruges

Cura sit, atque toros manibus percurrere equorum,
Gaudeat ut plausu sonipes, lætumque relaxet

Corpus, et altores rapiat per viscera succos.

Id curent famuli, comitumque animosa juventus.

3. Τὴν τρίχα μαλθακὴν ἐργάζεται, &c. This is partially effected in modern days

The back and loins you should rub with your right hand, placing your left under the belly; lest the dog, being forcibly pressed down upon his knees, should suffer injury. The sides should be rubbed with both hands at once, and the haunches quite down to the feet, and the shoulders in the same way. When the dog seems to have had enough of it, lay hold of his tail, and lift him up by it; and then having drawn it through your hand, let him go. As soon as he is at liberty, he will shake himself, and show that he is pleased with the operation.

It is a point of equal importance with any other, that greyhounds be confined during the day; otherwise they will

1

CHAP. X.

CHAP. XI. Keanelling.

by body-clothes. The clothing of greyhounds, as at present practised by coursers, is of more remote antiquity than the days of Michael Angelo Biondi; having its probable origin in the σTEλμovíaι of Xenophon, who describes, in the 6th chapter of his Cynegeticus, all the accoutrements of his hunting pack. These consisted of collars, dépaia, soft and broad, so as not to rub off the dog's hair; leading-thongs or straps, iuávres, independent of the collar, with a handle attached to them; and sur-cingles or body-clothes, σTEλμovía, with straps sufficiently broad not to gall the bellies of the animals. Such was the Athenian's Kuvŵv kóσpos: and it is probable that the latter, though used for the protection of the bound from injury during the chase, and not merely, as at present, against cold, may have been the type of the modern application.

The foal kúves were certainly clothed in parti-coloured habiliments in the age of Blondus, and their feet were also protected with shoes: "Canibus venaticis dorsum integunt pannis diversorum colorum, adversus frigoris injuriam, præcipuè leporariis ; et pedibus adhibent calceamenta, quò faciliùs illæsi cursum exerceant.” Beckman states that the dogs of Kamschatka are furnished with shoes, so ingeniously made, that their claws project through small apertures-a plausible contrivance for heavy dogs of draught; but how a greyhound is to exhibit his speed on the coursing plain with such incumbrances, I know not.

1. Arrian recommends confinement for full-grown dogs; but we must not suppose that the same treatment is suited to puppies. They, on the contrary, should have their entire liberty, as Nemesian remarks:

Sed neque conclusos teneas, neque vincula collo
Impatiens circumdederis, noceasque futuris

Cursibus imprudens.

N

H. in Dian.

v. 17.
De Canibus et
Venatione
Libellus.

Hist. of
Inventions.

Cyneget. v. 172.

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