14. quaestiones: the permanent courts. See Introd., p. 60. 16. nunc vero: translate after this non est ferendum, l. 19. 17. quicquid increpuerit: at every sound. For the mood, see A. 342; B. 324. 2; G. 663. 1; H. 652; W. 620. 1. mihi: A. 229; B. 188. 2. d; G. 347. 5; H. 427; W. 337. VIII. 3. loquatur: A. 307. 2. b; B. 303; G. 596. 1; H. 576; W. 555. The condition is assumed as possible because of the personification of patria. 4. Quid, quod: see note on p. 76, 1. 23. 5. in custodiam: i.e. detention in the house of some responsible person or surveillance by him. This so-called custodia libera must be distinguished from imprisonment in the carcer. When it became known that Manlius was gathering a force in Etruria, L. Aemilius Paulus accused Catiline of treason. Catiline at once offered himself to several well-known men for this custodia libera. 6. ad: equivalent to apud, which is usually employed in this sense. 7. domi meae: A. 258. d; B. 232. 2; G. 411. R. 2; H. 484. 2; W. 403. 9. qui essem: since I was. IO. Q. Metellum: Q. Metellus Celer. 12. virum optimum; ironical, as is also the following relative clause. 2. quam longe videtur abesse debere: how far does it seem he ought to be. Notice, however, that the implied antecedent of qui is the subject of videtur. 3. Quae . . . sint: see note on p. 73, l. 10. 4. emori: a suggestion of suicide, which the Romans often preferred to exile (civil death). 7. Refer ad senatum : Cicero was unwilling to accept this challenge of Catiline, for both he and his adversary knew that the senate had no legal right to compel a citizen to go into exile, and that Catiline's promise to follow the senate's advice in the matter had no significance. It is likely that Catiline hoped to find support in the senate, either on the part of those who favored his plans or from those who were afraid to oppose him openly; and if mistaken in this, he would still have the legal right to do as he pleased. Cicero, however, was too astute a politician to give Catiline so excellent a chance to show the weakness of the conservative party, which was certainly at this time most reluctant to engage in open conflict with the conspirator. 9. id quod . . moribus: for such action would not be in keep ... PAGE 77 78 79 PAGE 79 80 ing with my character. For the mood, see the note on quod est primum, p. 74, 1. 17. 16. P. Sestio: at this time quaestor of the consul C. Antonius. In 57 B.C. as tribune of the people he took an active part in Cicero's recall from exile.-M. Marcello: perhaps the consul of 51 B.C., in gratitude for whose pardon Cicero in 46 B.C. delivered the oration Pro Marcello. See Introd., pp. 40, 41. 17. iure optimo: most deservedly. — vim et manus: hendiadys. 20. hi: i.e. the senators. videlicet: bitter sarcasm. 23. paulo ante: i.e. when he entered the temple. 25. haec i.e. the temples, the houses of the city, the city itself. It was probably made clear by a sweeping gesture. 26. prosequantur: a sarcastic allusion to the Roman custom of escorting departing friends as far as the city gates. IX. 27. Quamquam: at the beginning of a sentence this word (so also tametsi) has often a corrective force, and yet. This use with a principal clause must be distinguished from its use with a subordinate clause of concession. -frangat: A. 332. c; B. 277; G. 558; H. 557; W. 493. 30. duint: archaic form for dent. - Tametsi: see note on Quamquam, 1. 27. 32. recenti tuorum: while the recollection of your crimes is yet fresh. Cicero is here unwittingly a true prophet, as later events proved. See Introd., pp. 6-8. I. est tanti: the logical subject must be supplied from the preceding statement. For the construction of tanti, see A. 252. a; B. 203. 3; G. 380. R.; H. 448. 1; W. 361, 362. —sit: see note on p. 73, l. 15. cedas: the ut-clauses form the subject of non est po 5. is a man of such a sort. 8. inimico: Catiline claimed that Cicero's hostility to him was based on personal grounds. 9. molem istius invidiae: the burden of the unpopularity which your action will arouse. II. laudi, gloriae: A. 227; B. 187. II. a; G. 346; H. 426. I; W. 330. 14. non used in this clause of purpose because eiectus only is negatived, not the whole clause. 16. invitem: A. 268; B. 277; G. 259; H.557; W.493.· - a quo praestolarentur: when I know that men have been sent on ahead by you, who are to wait for you. Sciam is subj. in a relative clause of cause, praestolarentur subj. in a relative clause of purpose, or because it quotes Catiline's orders to the men. For the tense of praestolarentur, see A. 287. i; B. 268. 2; G. 518; H. 548. 17. Forum Aurelium: a small town of Etruria on the Via Aurelia about fifty miles from Rome. 18. cui equivalent to a quo, 1. 16. diem: notice the gender and the reason for it. 19. aquilam illam argenteam: since the second consulship of Marius in 104 B.C., a silver eagle with outspread wings had been the standard of the Roman legions. According to Sallust (Cat. 59), the eagle mentioned here had been carried in the army of Marius in the Cimbric war. 20. sacrarium: the place in the Roman camp near the general's tent where the aquilae were kept was considered sacred. 22. possis: see note on frangat, p. 79, 1. 27. ad caedem proficiscens: Sallust (Cat. 16) accuses Catiline of having instigated to criminal deeds young men subject to his influence, merely for the sake of practice (ne per otium torpescerent manus aut animus). 23. altaribus: Cicero ironically intimates that Catiline prepared himself for his evil deeds at the shrine of the aquila. X. 26. rapiebat: A. 277. b; B. 260. 4; G. 234; H. 535. 1; W. 449.4.— haec res: i.e. the fact that his departure to Manlius would mean the opening of civil war. 29. Numquam peace. 30. Nactus ... manum: manum is the object of Nactus es, and is modified by ex perditis atque derelictis conflatam, as well as by improborum. 3. Ad... tui: for the pursuit of such a life those much-talkedof labors of yours are practised. meditati: A. 135. b; B. 112.b; G. 167. N. 2; H. 222. 2; W. 185. 2. 5. insidiantem: modifies te, to be supplied as subject of vigilare. 6. Habes ubi ostentes: there you have a chance to display. 8. quibus: refers to famis, frigoris, inopiae. 9. Tantum: explained by the clauses ut ... posses and ut nominaretur. a consulatu reppuli: see Introd., p. 22. II. id susceptum: subject of nominaretur. XI. 21. evocatorem servorum: an accusation not borne out by the facts. When Catiline was urged by Lentulus to arouse the T PAGE 80 81 PAGE 81 82 83 slaves to insurrection, he refused, being fully aware what bitter in- 23. hunc duci: in Cicero a passive or deponent infinitive only is used with imperare instead of the regular subjunctive construction. 25. persaepe rhetorical exaggeration. 27. leges: the so-called leges de provocatione (i.e. the right of appeal to the people) are referred to. Among these the most ancient was that of P. Valerius passed in 509 B.C., Ne quis magistratus civem Romanum adversus provocationem necaret neve verberaret. 28. qui: i.e. ii qui. 30. per te cognitum: see Introd., p. 48. 31. commendatione: abl. of quality. tam mature: Cicero himself mentions elsewhere that he alone of all self-made men became a candidate for the consulship as soon as he had reached the legal age, and was elected the first time that he offered himself for the office. 32. honorum gradus: see Introd., p. 54. I. severitatis: arising from severity. XII. 6. His . . . respondebo: this takes the place of the apodosis of the conditional sentence si loquatur, p. 81, 1. 16. 8. hoc explained by the following Catilinam morte multari. – factu: A. 253. a; B. 340. 2; G. 436; H. 635; W. 655. II. Saturnini, Gracchorum, Flacci: see notes on p. 70, 1. 7 ; p. 69, 1. 18; p. 70, 1. 3. 14. invidiae: to be construed with the preceding quid. 20. auctoritate: abl. of cause. 22. regie: the despotic rule of Tarquinius Superbus had left such an impress on the Roman mind that even during the later years of the republic the word rex was equivalent to tyrant. 29. naufragos: refers to their financial condition. 9. biberunt: translate by the present tense. II. relevatus: equivalent to si relevatus erit. —reliquis vivis : abl. abs., equivalent to si reliqui erunt vivi. 13. secedant: A. 266; B. 275; G. 263. 3; H. 559. 2; W. 482. 15. tribunal: a wooden semicircular platform in the Comitium, on which stood the chair (sella curulis) of the praetor urbanus (see Introd., p. 57). 16. curiam: sc. Hostiliam, the senate-house said to have been erected by Tullus Hostilius in the Comitium (see map, p. 75). — malleolos: these were shaped like a hammer, the head being filled with some inflammable material. They were used in siege operations. 20. tantam . virtutem: it was Cicero's policy to reconcile the two higher orders, the ordo senatorius and the ordo equester. See Introd., pp. 6, 48. 23. videatis: you shall see. 24. ominibus : 27. Tu, Iuppiter: Cicero addresses the statue of Jupiter in the temple. See note on locus, p. 69, l. 6.—qui es constitutus : whose worship was established. The temple which Romulus had vowed to build was not erected until 294 B.C., although the site is Isaid to have been consecrated at an earlier time. 28. auspiciis: see Introd., p. 62.. P. 74, l. I. Statorem: see note on 31. inimicos, hostis: note the difference in meaning, and how it is heightened by the chiasmus. ORATIO IN CATILINAM SECUNDA Read carefully Introd., pp. 24, 25. I. I. Quirites: the usual form employed in addressing the Roman populace in its political capacity. Cicero now is not addressing the senate, as in the first oration, but the people assembled in a contio (see Introd., p. 51). The origin of the word Quirites is much disputed. 2. scelus anhelantem: cf. the Homeric expression μévea πveíOvtes; and Acts 9. 1, "And Saul yet breathing out threatenings and slaughter."—vobis, urbi: A. 227; B. 187. II. a; G. 346; H. 426. 2; W. 330. 3. vel expression. vel: the orator leaves to his audience the choice of 4. ipsum: of his own accord. — prosecuti sumus: see note on p. 79, 1. 26. 5. Abiit erupit: climax strengthened by asyndeton and alliteration. — Nulla iam: no longer. Cf. Non iam, 1. 9. 10. campo, foro, curia: these public places are contrasted with domesticos parietes. For campo, see note on p. 74, 1. 8. The Forum Romanum was a trapezoidal space about 525 feet long and from about 120 to about 150 feet wide, between the Quirinal, Capitoline, and Palatine hills, used partly for public meetings, partly for business. It was the center of public life in Rome, and here the Roman nobles PAGE 83 84 |