6 ad regem pergunt. Primō uterque vōciferārī et certătim alter alteri obstrepere. Coerciti ab līctōre et iussī in vicem dicere tandem obloqui desistunt; ūnus rem 7 ex compositō ōrdītur. Dum intentus in eum sẽ rēx tōtus averteret, alter ēlātam securim in caput dēiēcit, relictoque in vulnere tēlō ambō sẽ forās ēiciunt.

41. Tarquinium moribundum cum qui circă erant excepissent, illos fugientēs līctores comprehendunt. Clamor inde concursusque populī mīrantium quid reī esset. Tanaquil inter tumultum claudī rēgiam iubet, arbitrōs ēicit; simul quae curandō vulnerī opus sunt, tamquam spēs subesset, sedulo comparat, simul, sī 2 destituat spēs, alia praesidia mōlītur. Serviō properē

accītō cum paene exsanguem virum ostendisset, dextram tenens ōrat nē inultam mortem socerī, nē socrum 3 inimīcīs ludibrio esse sinat. "Tuum est," inquit, "Servi, sī vir es, rēgnum, nõn eōrum, qui aliēnīs manibus pessimum facinus fēcēre. Erige tē deōsque duces sequere, qui clārum hōc fore caput dīvīnō quondam circumfūsō īgni portendērunt. Nunc tē illa caelestis excitet flamma, nunc expergiscere vērē. Et nos peregrini rēgnāvimus. Qui sīs, nōn unde nātus sīs, reputā. Sī tua rē subitā cōnsilia torpent, at tū mea 4 consilia sequere." Cum clamor impetusque multitūdinis vix sustinērī posset, ex superiore parte aedium

the thought of different implements. 6. vōciferārī: hist. inf. — ex composito agreed upon beforehand. 7. Dum: like cum, with imp. subj.

41. Rise of Servius Tullius. 1. qui . . . erant: the bystanders. — Clamor: the omission of the verb, as throughout the chapter the short, terse sentences, give force and intensity to the scene.-: -mīrantium: asking with amazement, agrees with populi. — arbitrōs: witnesses, qui circă erant. -- subesset destituat: impf. of doubtful, pres. of probable, result; the conclusion of sī dēstituat is praesidia. 3. hōc = tuum. - Qui sis: what (manner of) man. —rē subitā: surprise. — at:

per fenestrās in Novam Viam versās habitabat enim rex ad Iovis Statōris-populum Tanaquil adloquitur. Iubet bonō animō esse: sõpītum fuisse rēgem subitō 5 ictu, ferrum haud alte in corpus descendisse, iam ad sẽ redisse; inspectum vulnus abstersō cruōre; omnia salubria esse. Confidere prope diem ipsum eōs vīsūrōs; interim Serviō Tullio iubere populum dictō audientem esse; eum iūra redditūrum obitūrumque alia rēgis mūnia esse. Servius cum trabea et līctōribus 6 prōdit, ac sēde rēgia sedēns alia decernit, de aliis cōnsultūrum sē rēgem esse simulat. Itaque per aliquot diēs, cum iam exspīrāsset Tarquinius, cēlātā morte, per speciem alienae fungendae vicis suas opes firmavit. Tum demum palam factum est complōrätiōne in rēgiā ortā. Servius, praesidiō firmō mūnītus, prīmus iniussu populī voluntate patrum rēgnāvit. Ancī lī- 7 beri iam tum, cum, comprēnsīs sceleris ministrīs, vīvere rēgem et tantas esse opēs Servi nuntiatum est, Suessam Pōmētiam exsulātum ierant.

42. Nec iam publicīs magis consiliis Servius quam prīvātīs mūnīre opēs, et nē, qualis Ancī līberum animus adversus Tarquinium fuerat, tālis adversus sē Tarquini liberum esset, duas filiās iuvenibus rēgiīs Lucio atque Arrunti Tarquiniis iungit. Nec rūpit 2 at least. 4. Novam Viam: the street started at the Porta Mugiōnis, on the eastern side of the Palatine, near which was the temple of Juppiter Stator, and passed round the northern end of the hill to the Velabrum. Iovis: sc. templum. 5. sōpītum: stunned. — Cōnfidere . . iubēre: sc. sē and rēgem as subjects.—dictō a. e.: obey, with the dat. 6. trabea: the purple-striped official robe of the king. - sēde rēgia: the curule chair. - fungendae: gerundive as of a regular transitive verb. - factum: sc. exspirasse Tarquinium. - voluntate: personal favor, not auctoritas, official sanction.

42, 43. Wars and constitution of Servius.

42. 1. publicis . . . privātīs: for the public advantage... for

tamen fātī necessitātem hūmānīs cōnsiliīs, quin invidia rēgnī etiam inter domesticos infida omnia atque infesta faceret. Peropportune ad praesentis quietem status bellum cum Vēientibus iam enim indūtiae 3 exierant aliisque Etruscis sumptum. In eō bellō et virtus et fortuna enituit Tulli; füsōque ingenti hostium exercitu haud dubius rex, seu patrum seu 4 plēbis animōs perīclitārētur, Rōmam rediit. Adgrediturque inde ad pacis longe maximum opus, ut, quem ad modum Numa dīvīnī auctor iūris fuisset, ita Servium conditōrem omnis in cīvitāte discriminis ōrdinumque, quibus inter gradus dignitatis fortunaeque 5 aliquid interlucet, posterī fāmā ferrent. Censum enim Instituit, rem saluberrimam tantō futūrō imperiō, ex quō belli pacisque munia non virītim ut ante, sed prō habitu pecuniarum fierent. Tum classes centuriasque et hunc ōrdinem ex cēnsū dīscripsit vel pācī decōrum vel bellō.

43. Ex iis qui centum milium aeris aut mãiōrem cēnsum haberent, octōgintā cōnfēcit centurias, quad2 rāgēnās seniōrum ac iūniōrum- prīma classis omnēs

personal gain. 2. quin: translate by independent sentence, but. invidia r.: envy of his royal power. - domesticōs: his own family.ad.. status: for keeping the existing quiet among the people. 3. haud dubius: unquestionably king, by the wish of plebeians as well as of the aristocracy. 4. -que: and therefore. -ut: join with ferrent, final clause. omnis . discriminis every civil distinction, further explained by ōrdinum. — quibus . . . interlucet: by which a clear division might appear between the grades of rank and fortune. 5. belli . . . mūnia: military service and taxes. habitu: scale or holding. - hunc: the following. — decōrum: suited.

43. 1. milium: sc. assium. The original rating, census, was doubtless in land, to which a money value is here given according to the later coinage. The rating of the first class was perhaps $1600 of our money. 2. prīma classis: i.e. the first call, often called simply classis,

appellātī— seniōrēs ad urbis custodiam ut praestō essent, iuvenes ut forīs bella gererent. Arma hīs imperāta galea, clipeum, ocreae, lōrīca, omnia ex aere; haec ut tegumenta corporis essent; tēla in hostem hastaque et gladius. Additae huic classi duae fabrum 3 centuriae, quae sine armis stipendia facerent; datum mūnus ut machinās in bello ferrent. Secunda classis 4 intră centum usque ad quinque et septuagintā mīlium cēnsum institūta, et ex iīs, seniōribus iūniōribusque, vīginti cōnscriptae centuriae. Arma imperāta scūtum prō clipeō, et praeter lōrīcam omnia eadem. Tertiae classis quinquagintā mīlium cēnsum esse voluit. Totidem centuriae et hae, eōdemque discrimine aetā- 5 tium factae; nec de armis quicquam mutātum, ocreae tantum ademptae. In quarta classe census quin- 6 que et viginti mīlium; totidem centuriae factae; arma mūtāta, nihil praeter hastam et verūtum datum. Quinta classis aucta, centuriae trīgintā factae; fundās 7 lapidesque missiles hi secum gerebant. His accensī cornicinēs tubicinesque, in duas centurias distribūtī. Undecim milibus haec classis cēnsēbātur. Hōc minor 8 census reliquam multitudinem habuit; inde una centuria facta est immūnis mīlitiā. Ita pedestrī exercitū ōrnātō distribūtōque, equitum ex prīmōribus civitātis duodecim scripsit centurias. Sex item alias centurias, 9

and its members classici, hence our word classical. -ocreae: metal leggins. 3. fabrum: gen. pl., engineers, workers in wood and iron, having charge of the artillery, māchinās. These had not the rating of the first class, but simply voted with it. 4. scūtum: a long rectangular shield protecting the body more fully than the round clipeus. 6. verūtum: a javelin. 7. fundās: slings.—accēnsi: sc. sunt from accensere. Horn blowers and trumpeters arranged in two centuries were joined to the 30 centuries. 8. immunis m.: without military duties. ex prīmōribus: of the leading men. 9. alias: i.e. other

tribus ab Romulo institūtis, sub isdem quibus inaugurātae erant nōminibus fecit. Ad equos emendōs dēna mīlia aeris ex publicō data, et, quibus equōs alerent, viduae adtributae, quae bīna mīlia aeris in annōs singulōs penderent. Haec omnia in dītēs ā 10 pauperibus inclināta onera. Deinde est honōs additus:

nōn enim, ut ab Rōmulō traditum cēterī servāverant rēgēs, virītim suffragium eadem vi eodemque iure prōmiscē omnibus datum est, sed gradūs factī, ut neque exclusus quisquam suffragiō vidērētur, et vīs 11 omnis penes prīmōrēs cīvitātis esset. Equites enim vocabantur prīmī, octōgintā inde prīmae classis centuriae; ibi sī variāret, quod rārō incidebat, ut secundae classis vocarentur, nec ferē umquam înfră ita dēscen12 derent, ut ad infimōs pervenirent. Nec mīrārī oportet hunc ordinem, qui nunc est post explētās quinque et trīgintā tribūs, duplicātō earum numerō centuriīs iūniōrum seniōrumque, ad institūtam ab Serviō Tulliō 13 summam non convenire. Quadrifariam enim urbe divīsā regiōnibus collibusque qui habitabantur, partēs eas tribus appellavit, ut ego arbitror ab tribūtō

than the twelve just mentioned. - fecit: retained. The number of centuries was thus 193.- quibus: the antecedent is bina milia. The widows and unmarried women of property (viduae applies to both) thus furnished provision money, aes hordearium. 10. honōs: political power. -ab R. traditum: the method of R. which L. takes as without distinction of patrician and plebeian, prōmiscī, in the curiae. — grādus : gradations.- et: and yet. 11. vocabantur: those first called to vote were praerogātīvae. — variāret: impers., i.e. if these centuries, ibi, did not agree. -ut. . . vocarentur: depends on a verb like accidit to be supplied. - descenderent: the people in voting. 12. centuriis: inst. abl. with duplicato. In 241 B.C. the centuries in the tribes, earum, were doubled by counting the seniōrēs and jūniōrēs separately, making 350 besides the 18 centuries of knights. 13. Quadrifariam: Subūrāna, Palatina, Esquilina, and Collina. — regiōnibus . . . habitabantur: according to districts and inhabited hills. -tribūtō: the