138 12 quale bellum, a war such as.

138 13 quo in bello: § 307, a (200, a); B. 351, 4; G. 615; H.-B. 284, 4.

138 14 omnes, etc., i.e. everybody except the desperate.

138 17 tantum, anly so many.

138 18 restitisset (resisto), should survive.

139 8 (SECT. 26.) mutum: such as a statue, for example.

139 12 eandem diem, etc., the same period of time — eternal as I hope

is prolonged, both for the safety of the city, etc.

139 15 duos civīs, i.e. Pompey and himself.

139 20 (SECT. 27.) quae, as: § 308, h (201, g); H.-B. 270, b. 139 22 isti (contrasted with mihi) refers to illorum (1. 20).

139 24 mentes, counsels.

139 27 nihil . . . noceri potest, no harm can be done.

139 30 dignitas, etc., i.e. the majesty of the Roman state will be an invisible safeguard for me; cf. "the divinity" that "doth hedge a king" (Hamlet, iv, 5, 123).

139 31 conscientiae, etc., i.e. my enemies, conscious of their guilty sympathy with this conspiracy, will, in their attempts to injure me, inevitably commit some act which will show them to be traitors to the state.

1402 (SECT. 28.) ultro, i.e. without waiting to be attacked.

140 3 domesticorum hostium: oxymoron; § 641 (386); B. 375, 2; G. 694; H. 752, 12 (637, xi, 6); H.-B. 632, 3. Cf. the same figure in Cat. i, sect. 21 (p. 108, l. 4): cum tacent, clamant.

140 4 convertit: pres. for fut., as often, especially in protasis. 140 6 obtulerint: subj. of integral part.

1408 in honore vestro: honor is used here, as usual, to denote external honors (offices) conferred by the people. Holding the consulship, he had nothing to look forward to.

140 12 (SECT. 29.) conservanda re publica: abl. of means.

140 14 in re publica, in public life.

140 15 virtute, non casu, etc., i.e. he will show this by such conduct as shall be consistent with this glorious achievement.

1411 Jovem the temple of Jupiter Capitolinus is shown in the background of the illustration opposite p. 136; the figure in the text at p. 140 is a restoration of this temple.

FOURTH ORATION AGAINST CATILINE

ARGUMENT

CHAP. I. Exordium. Solicitude of the Senate for Cicero. The question of the traitors' doom must, however, be settled without regard to such considerations. — Propositio. 2, 3. The Senators need not fear for Cicero. Let them take counsel for the welfare of the state. Enormous guilt of the conspirators. Judgment already rendered by the action of the Senate. The sole question is: What shall be the penalty? 4. Silanus proposes death; Cæsar, perpetual imprisonment. — 5. Cæsar's proposition discussed. — Contentio. 6. Death none too severe a penalty: severity to the conspirators is mercy to the city. Opinion of L. Cæsar. — 7. Severe measures will be supported by the people. - 8. The humblest citizens are stanch.-9. The Senators urged to act fearlessly: the consul will not fail them. - Peroratio. 10. Cicero is undismayed: his fame is secure, whatever happens to him. He has undertaken a perpetual war with the bad elements in the state, but the result is certain. II. Then let the Senate dare to act rigorously.

As this is the first deliberative oration, delivered in the Senate, contained in this collection, it will be well for the student to consult the account of a senatorial debate given in the Introduction, p. lvii.

In the present case- in which the question was what sentence should be passed upon the captured conspirators the consul elect, D. Junius Silanus, had advised that they be put to death; C. Julius Cæsar (as prætor elect), on the contrary, that they be merely kept in custody. At the end of the discussion, Cicero, as presiding consul, gave his views as expressed in the present oration. (For the speeches of Cæsar and Cato, see Sallust, Catiline, chs. 51, 52.)

Sects. 1, 2. Solicitude of the Senate for Cicero. But the question of the traitors' doom must be settled without regard to such considerations.

PAGE 141. LINE 13. (SECT. 1.) si haec, etc., i.e. if the consulship has been given me on these terms.

141 14 ut... perferrem, subst. clause of purpose in apposition with condicio.

142 2 (SECT. 2.) ego sum ille consul, I am a consul (i.e. that kind of consul).

142 3 aequitas: in the Forum was the tribunal of the prætor who administered justice between citizens.

142 4 campus: see note on Cat. i, sect. 11 (p. 104, l. 7). — auspiciis: the taking of the auspices always preceded the election.

The Roman commonwealth was regarded as depending directly upon the will of the gods. Their will was thought to be expressed in signs sent by them (auspicia). These could be observed only under the supervision of the board of augurs, a body whose duty it was to know the rules of interpretation as a special science called jus augurium. Most public acts of any kind had to be performed auspicato, especially the holding of all public assemblies in which business was transacted. Thus the Campus was “consecrated by auspices” every time that the comitia centuriata were held.

142 5 auxilium: the Roman Senate, having the management of foreign affairs, was at this time a great court of appeal for subject or friendly nations.

142 7 sedes honoris, i.e. the sella curulis or seat used by the curule

METELINS

FIG. 38

do

CRASSIN

magistrates: viz. interrex, dictator, magister equitum, consul, prætor, censor, and curule ædile. It was like a modern camp-stool without back or sides, with crossed legs of ivory, so that it could be folded up and carried with the magistrate wherever he went. See Fig. 38 (from a Roman coin). The bracketed words sella curulis are doubtless an explanatory marginal note. 1428 fuit: we should expect the subj. of characteristic, but the indic. is used (as often) to emphasize the fact.

142 11 ut... eriperem (1. 15, below): subst. clause of result, in appos. with exitum (1. 10).

142 14 foedissima, horrible, with the added idea of polluting things sacred.

142 16 subeatur, hortatory subjunctive.

142 17 fatale: see Cat. iii, sect. 9 (p. 130).

142 18 laeter: § 444 (268); B. 277; G. 466; H. 559, 4 (484, v); H.-B. 513, 1: apodosis, see § 515, a (306, a); G. 595; H. 580 (508, 4); H.-B. 582, 1.

II. PROPOSITIO (§§ 3-10)

Sects. 3-6. The Senators need not fear for Cicero: they should take counsel for the welfare of the state. Enormous guilt of the conspirators, judgment has been already rendered by the action of the Senate. The sole question is: What shall be the punishment? 142 24 (SECT. 3.) pro eo... ac mereor, in proportion as I deserve. 142 25 relaturos gratiam, will reward (“return favor": cf. habere, agere).

142 27 immatura: because an ex-consul had reached the highest point of Roman ambition.

142 28 misera: the philosophy of the ancients professed to make them despise death (see Plato, Apologia, and Cicero, Tusc. Quaest. i). — ille ferreus, qui, so iron-hearted as (hence movear, subj.).—fratris : his brother Quintus, younger than he, and at this time prætor elect. He served with credit in Cæsar's Gallic campaigns.

142 31 neque. non, nor can it be but that, etc.: the two negatives make an affirmative, but with a kind of emphasis which the simple affirmative statement could not give.

-

142 32 uxor: his wife Terentia. filia: his daughter Tullia, married to C. Calpurnius Piso. Daughters took the gentile name of the father; see § 108, b (80, c) ; G. p. 493; H. 354, 9 (649, 4); H.-B. 678, 5. — filius : his son Marcus, now two years old.

143 3 gener: Piso was not yet a member of the Senate, and was probably standing in the lobby.—moveor (emphat., as shown by its position), I am affected.

143 4 uti sint, [to wish] that, etc. (the verb being implied in moveor); pereamus is in the same construction as sint.

143 5 una . . .

peste, i.e. by a destruction which is at the same time that of the whole state.

143 9 (SECT. 4.) non Ti. Gracchus, etc.: to preserve the emphasis, render it is not Ti. Gracchus who, etc. For the historical allusions, cf. Cat. i, sects. 3, 4 (p. 100), and notes.

143 10 agrarios: see note on p. 147, 1. 29.

143 11 Memmium: C. Memmius, one of the most upright men of his time; he was a candidate for the consulship against Glaucia, and was murdered by instigation of Glaucia and Saturninus (B.C. 100).

143 13 tenentur, are in custody: to preserve the emphasis we may change the voice, we have in our hands. — vestram omnium: § 302, e (184, d); B. 243, 3, a; G. 321, R.2; H.-B. 339, b.

143 17 ut... nemo: instead of the usual ne quis or ne quisquam because of the following ne. quidem; § 538, 310, a, b (319, d, R., cf. 105, d, N.); G. 543, 4, cf. 317, 1; H. 568, cf. 513 (497, ii, cf. 457); H.-B. 276, 1 and 7.

cf.

143 22 (SECT. 5.) judiciis: their verdict on the conspirators' guilt consisted in the acts recounted in the following clauses.

143 23 gratias egistis: cf. relaturos, p. 142, 1. 25.

143 25 abdicare, etc.: see Cat. iii, sect. 14 (p. 133, 1. 4), and note. 144 1 (SECT. 6.) sed, i.e. though you have in fact decided.—tamquam integrum, as if an open question (i.e. as if you had not already expressed your judgment).

144 2 judicetis refers to their judgment as a court with respect to the facts; censeatis, to their view as a public council respecting the punishment.

144 3 illa... consulis, etc., I will say in advance what belongs to [me as] the consul: i.e. declare the need of instant action; what action, it is for the Senate to determine; for construction, see § 343, b (214, c); G. 366; H. 439 (401); H.-B. 340.

144 4 nova .. misceri, that a revolution subversive of the government was on foot; nova (subject of misceri) means innovations or unconstitutional measures; misceri refers to the disorder which these would produce.

144 5 concitari mala, that evil designs were set in motion.—videbam: for tense, see § 471, b (277, b); B. 260, 4; G. 234; H. 535 (469, 2); H.-B. 485.

144 11 opinione: § 406, a (247, 6); B. 217, 4; G. 398, N.1; H. 471, 7 (417, I, N.5); H.-B. 416, e.

144 13 provincias, especially Spain, with which Cn. Piso had had relations. It had not yet become fully reconciled since the overthrow of Sertorius, only eight years before. - sustentando, by forbearance; prolatando, by procrastination.

144 14 ratione: abl. of manner.

144 15 placet, sc. vindicare.

Sects. 7-10. Silanus proposes death; Cæsar, perpetual imprisonment.

Cæsar's proposition discussed.

144 17 (SECT. 7.) haec (with a gesture), all this, i.e. city, citizens, and government.

144 19 amplectitur, adopts.

144 20 pro, in accordance with.