son and number. The auxiliaries (or signs) are not taken separately, but always with the verb: so that the two words, and sometimes three, as in the future-perfect indicative, are parsed together as one word; thus, "Has loved"-the present-perfect, indicative, active, third person, singular.

They had loved.

We might love. They will go. To

He loves. We have loved. He loved. You shall love. They may have loved. Love thou. To love. You had gone. have gone. We will write. They may write. They should go. He has fallen. You had given. We might have gone. Robert loves to write. To write is useful. Having written. We gave. You will give.

James has written. useful. Writing is They have given.

EXERCISE III.

THE OBJECTIVE CASE.

498. A transitive verb, in the active voice, tells what its subject does to some other person or thing. That person or thing is the Oject of the verb, and is in the objective case. Thus, "He loves us," loves is a transitive verb, in the active voice, and tells us what its subject, he, does to us. Us then is its object, and is in the objective case. See also (320).

1. In the following exercise, tell which words are verbs, and why; whether transitive or intransitive, and why; what is the subject, and why; and if transitive, what is their object, and why.

2. Conjugate the verbs, and tell their tense, mood, voice, person, and number; thus, “Loves”—Verb, transitive, regular-love, loved, loved-in the present, indicative, active, third person, singular.

He loves us. I will love him. Good boys study their lessons. Children love play. God created the world. Remember thy Creator. Do good to all men. Forgive your enemies. He that giveth to the poor (201) lendeth to the Lord. You should study grammar. We should read the best books. Bad books injure the character. War makes rogues, and peace hangs them. Children, obey your parents. A good cause makes a strong arm.

Show mercy,

and thou shalt find it. Time flies. Evil communications corrupt good manners. Punctuality begets confidence. Columbus discovered America.

EXERCISE IV.

PARSING.

In the preceding exercise, parse each word in order; the noun, as directed (182); the article, as directed (194); the adjective, as directed (225); the pronoun, as

directed (253); and the verb, as directed (491 or 496). Or, more fully, as an occa sional exercise (492 or 497), thus :

"Loves"-
'—a verb, because it expresses an act, viz., of he.

transitive, because it has an object, us.

regular-its past tense and past participle end in ed; conjugated, love, loved, loved.

present, because the act takes place in present time
indicative-it declares the fact simply.

third person-its subject he is spoken of.
singular-it asserts of but one.

Negative form of the Verb.

499. The verb is made to deny, by placing the word not after the simple form; as, "Thou lovest not ;" and between the auxiliary and the verb in the compound form; as, "I do not love." When two auxiliaries are used, it is placed between them; as, "I would not have loved."

500. In the infinitive and participles, the negative is put first; as, "Not to love”—“Not loving."

501. The simple form is seldom used with the negative. In the present and past tenses, the compound or emphatic form is more common. The following synopsis will show the manner of using the negative:

2. Love not, or do not thou love. 2. Love not, or do not ye love.

INFINITIVE MOOD.

PRESENT. Not to love.

PERFECT. Not to have love

PARTICIPLES.

PRESENT. Not loving.

PAST. Not loved.

PERFECT. Not having loved.

Interrogative form of the Verb.

502. The verb is made to ask a question by placing the nomina tive or subject after the simple form; as, "Lovest thou?" and between the auxiliary and the verb in the compound forms; as, "Do I love?" When there are two auxiliaries, the nominative is placed between them; as, "Shall I have loved?"

503. The subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, and participles, can not have the interrogative form.

504. The simple form of the verb is seldom used interrogatively. The following synopsis will show how the verb is put into the interrogative form:

505. Interrogative sentences are made negative by placing the negative either before or after the nominative; as, "Do I not love?" >, "Do not I love?"

EXERCISES.

1. Inflect the verb in the negative form.

2. Inflect the indicative, and potential, in the interrogative form.

3. Change the exercises (p. 89) into the negative form, and write them out. 4. Change the examples in the indicative and the potential into the interrogative form, and write them out.

Progressive form of the Active Voice.

506. The PROGRESSIVE form of the verb is inflected by prefixing the verb to be, through all its moods and tenses, to the present par ticiple; thus

2. Thou art writing, &c.

2.

PRESENT. 1. I am writing.
PRES.-PER.1. I have been writing. 2.
PAST. 1. I was writing.
PAST-PER. 1. I had been writing. 2.
FUTURE. 1. I shall be writing. 2.
FUT.-PER. 1. I shall or will have 2.

been writing.

Thou hast been writing, &c.
Thou wast writing,.&c.

Thou hadst been writing, &c.
Thou shalt be writing, &c.
Thou shalt or wilt have been
writing, &c.

NOTE-Verbs which in the common form imply continuance, do not usually admit the progressive form; thus, "I am loving" (if proper), would mean nothing more than "I love."

EXERCISES.

John

1. Change the following verbs from the simple into the progressive form:He writes. They read. Thou teachest. We have learned. He had written. They go. has done it. We taught. will stand. They may read. study. We might have read.

You will build
I ran.
He stands. He stood. They
We can sew. You should

2. Change the following, from the progressive into the simple form :— We are writing. They were singing. They have been riding. We might be walking. I may have been sleeping. They are coming. Thou art teaching. They have been eating. He has been moving. We have been defending.

3. Parse these verbs. in the progressive form; thus, "We are writing"-" are writing" is a verb, transitive, irregular-write, wrote, written—in the present, indicative, active, first person, plural, progressive form.

4. Change the exercises, No. 2, into the negative form; thus, "We are not writing"-into the interrogative form; as, "Are we writing ?"-into the negative. interrogative form; as, "Are we not writing?" or, "Are not we writing ?"

PASSIVE VOICE.

507. The PASSIVE Voice is inflected by adding the past participle to the verb "to be," as an auxiliary, through all its moods and tenses, thus (486) :—

Present, Am loved.

Singular.

1. I am loved.

2. Thou art loved.

3. He is loved.

PRINCIPAL PARTS.

Past, Was loved. Past participle, Loved,

INDICATIVE MOOD.

PRESENT TENSE.

Plural.

1. We are loved.

2. You are loved.
3. They are loved.

FUTURE-PERFECT TENSE.
Signs, shall have, will have.-Inflect with each.

1. I shall have been loved.
2. Thou shalt have been loved.
3. He shall have been loved.

1. We shall have been loved. 2. You shall have been loved. 3. They shall have been loved.