10

3 Nec vero te, carissime frater atque optime, rhetoricis nunc quibusdam libris, quos tu agrestis putas, insequor ut erudiam-quid enim tua potest oratione aut subtilius aut ornatius esse?-sed sive iudicio, ut soles dicere, sive, ut ille pater eloquentiae de se Isocrates scripsit ipse, pudore a dicendo et timiditate ingenua 5 quadam refugisti, sive, ut ipse iocari soles, unum putasti satis esse non modo in una familia rhetorem, sed paene in tota civitate, non tamen arbitror tibi hos libros in eo fore genere, quod merito propter eorum, qui de dicendi ratione disputarunt, ieiunitatem 11 bonarum artium possit inludi; nihil enim mihi quidem videtur 10 in Crassi et Antonii sermone esse praeteritum, quod quisquam summis ingeniis, acerrimis studiis, optima doctrina, maximo usu cognosci ac percipi potuisse arbitraretur, quod tu facillime poteris iudicare, qui prudentiam rationemque dicendi per te ipsum, usum 4. sive iudicio b: sed quoniam sive iudicio, codd.

13. arbitraretur: malim arbitretur' K.

I. te depends directly upon insequor, to which ut erudiam is added by way of explanation.

2. agrestis, rude,' tasteless things, often opposed by Cicero to doctus or urbanus cp. iii. 11. 42 rustica vox et agrestis.'

3. subtilius, more exact:' cp. note on i. 5. 17.

4. iudicio, on principle:' iii. 16. 59; 28. 110. Many MSS. and the earlier editors have 'sed quoniam sive iudicio,' for which Ern. and others read 'quamquam :' but b has sed sive iudicio,' and this is unquestionably right. The general sense is: I do not wish to instruct you in rhetoricfor your style of speaking could hardly be improved-but whatever the reasons which have induced you not to speak in public, I still do not think you will regard this work as deserving of ridicule.'

5. Isocrates, not to be bracketed (with Kayser and Bake), inasmuch as the term pater eloquentiae,' which appears to be applied to him only here, would not sufficiently denote him. The appellation is given to him from the number of orators who came forth from his school, so that 'domus cunctae Graeciae quasi ludus quidam patuit, atque officina dicendi' (Brut. 8. 32): Introd. p. 35. For the position of the proper name, cp. Tusc. iv. 2. vissimus auctor in Originibus dixit Cato' with Kühner's note.

'gra

scripsit ipse: Panath. § 10, p. 261 Bekker: οὕτω γὰρ ἐνδεὴς ἀμφοτέρων έγε

6

5. Isocrates incl. K.

νόμην φωνῆς ἱκανῆς καὶ τόλμης, ὡς οὐκ οἶδ ̓ εἴ τις ἄλλος τῶν πολιτῶν. Cp. Cic. de Rep. iii. 30. 42 duas sibi res, quo minus in volgus et in foro diceret confidentiam et vocem defuisse.'

7. rhetorem not oratorem (as Bake would read without reason or authority), 'an orator trained on Greek theories:' cp. Tusc. iii. 26. 63 ut licere quidvis rhetori intellegas.' The word has a much more disparaging force than orator, and is by no means equivalent to it, as even Heindorf says on Hor. Sat. i. 10. 12: and Forcellini, s. v. Such an interpretation would rob Juv. Sat. vii. 197-8 of all point: cp. i. 18. 84. In de Fin. ii. 6. 17 rhetores are 'declaimers' opposed to dialectici, 'logicians.' In Acad. i. 5 we have orator, where rhetor might have been expected.

9. ieiunitatem = 'inopiam,' with which it is coupled in Brut. 55. 202 'cavenda est presso illi oratori inopia et ieiunitas :' and 82. 285. The origin of the word ieiunus is by no means clear.

II. praeteritum, 'passed over,' so used with or without silentio.

12. ingeniis, rarely used thus in the plural, and here only because the tense of 'potuisse' shows that Crassus and Antonius are especially in Cicero's mind.

13. arbitraretur, 'would have thought' at the time of the discourse.

14. per te ipsum, with a little gentle irony, directed at the disparagement of theoretical training by Quintus: cp. i.

2.5.

5

autem per nos percipere voluisti. Sed quo citius hoc, quod suscepimus, non mediocre munus conficere possimus, omissa nostra adhortatione ad eorum, quos proposuimus, sermonem disputationemque veniamus.

Postero igitur die, quam illa erant acta, hora fere secunda, 12 cum etiam tum in lecto Crassus esset et apud eum Sulpicius sederet, Antonius autem inambularet cum Cotta in porticu, repente eo Q. Catulus senex cum C. Iulio fratre venit; quod ubi audivit, commotus Crassus surrexit omnesque admirati maiorem 10 aliquam esse causam eorum adventus suspicati sunt. Qui cum 13 inter se, ut ipsorum usus ferebat, amicissime consalutassent: 'quid vos tandem?' Crassus 'numquidnam' inquit 'novi?' 'Nihil sane,' inquit Catulus etenim vides esse ludos; sed-vel tu nos ineptos

6

1. Sorof finds a slight zeugma in percipere, which suits exactly only 'rationem dicendi,' while 'tibi comparare' would have gone better with 'prudentiam,' and cognoscere' with 'usum:' but percipere is often used by Cic. with some latitude: cp. i. § 219: prudentiam rationemque however form practically a hendiadys, 'skill in the theory.'

§§ 12-27. The circumstances of the discussion in the morning of the second day. Arrival of Catulus and Caesar. After some conversation on the proper use of leisure, Antonius takes up his part in the discussion.

6. etiam tum in lecto. Crassus was noted for his luxurious habits: cp. Introd. p. 12, and i. 7. 29. Sulpicius was especially devoted to Crassus, Cotta to Antonius: ib. p. 16.

7. porticus, 'colonnade,' never' porch' in the modern sense, though Shakspere uses 'porch' in the sense of porticus: e.g. Repair to Pompey's porch, where you shall find us:' Jul. Caes. Act I. Sc. iii.

8. Catulus: Introd. p. 23. The son of this Catulus was consul in 78, and would therefore be at this time about thirty years of age: hence perhaps the distinctive addition of senex."

C. Iulio: Introd. p. 24.

9. commotus: for the exciting position of public affairs at this time see Introd. p. 6.

admirati, in astonishment,' as in i. 56. 237. This use is so common, that it is hardly correct with Sorof to say that 'mirati' would have been more usual.

II. inter se . . consalutassent: 'consalutari dici videri reciproce pro ἀσπάζεσθαι vi verbi medii apud Graecos legitima,

Latinis qui mediis carent, inusitata, significavi ad i. 20. 90:' Ell. The word may have this force in Flor. iv. 3. 6 exercitus consalutant,' but it is more correct to say that con- gives the force of joint action: inter se is the regular classical expression for reciprocal action: cp. Madvig, § 490 b. obs. 6: Plaut. Capt. 2. 3. 60 'videas corde amare inter se: Cic. ad Att. vi. I. 12 'Cicerones pueri inter se amant:' in Cat. iii. 5. 13 'furtim non nunquam inter se aspiciebant;' while invicem replaces it in later Latin from Livy onwards: e. g. Plin. Ep. vii. 20. ad fin. 'ut ardentius invicem diligamus.' Cp. Kühner, ii. 450; Dräger, Hist. Synt. i. 371. So inter nos: i. 8. 32. Se inter se is never used in this phrase: Nägelsb. Stil. p. 241.

ferebat, prompted' or perhaps simply 'permitted: cp. pro Cluent. 60. 168 ut aetas illa fert:' ad Q. Fratr. i. 4. 5 'ad me, ut tempora nostra, non ut amor tuus fert, vere perscribe.'

II. quid vos tandem ? sc. facitis: Roby, § 1441. There is a very similar passage in the introduction to the Brutus (3. 10) 'nam cum inambularem in xysto' (i. q. porticu here) 'M. ad me Brutus cum T. Pomponio venerat. Quos postquam salutavi, quid vos, inquam, Brute et Attice? numquid tandem novi? Nihil sane, inquit Brutus.'

12. Crassus... inquit: for the separation of these two words, which is quite usual, cp. §§ 16, 296: for the position of 'Crassus,' i. 33. 149.

13. ludos: i. 7. 24; Introd. p. 6. ineptos.. . vel molestos, impertinent or troublesome, as you please: 'cp. below, § 17.

licet' inquit 'vel molestos putes - cum ad me in Tuscula-Hor... num' inquit 'heri vesperi venisset Caesar de Tusculano suo, 3, 24, dixit mihi a se Scaevolam hinc euntem esse conventum, ex quo mira quaedam se audisse dicebat; te, quem ego totiens omni ratione temptans ad disputandum elicere non potuissem, per- 5 multa de eloquentia cum Antonio disseruisse et tamquam in 14 schola prope ad Graecorum consuetudinem disputasse: ita me frater exoravit ne ipsum quidem a studio audiendi nimis abhorrentem, sed mehercule verentem, ne molesti vobis interveniremus, ut huc secum venirem; etenim Scaevolam ita dicere aiebat, 10 bonam partem sermonis in hunc diem esse dilatam. Hoc tu si cupidius factum existimas, Caesari attribues; si familiarius, utrique nostrum; nos quidem, nisi forte molesti intervenimus, 4 venisse delectat.' Tum Crassus ' equidem, quaecumque vos causa huc attulisset, laetarer, cum apud me viderem homines mihi 15 carissimos et amicissimos; sed tamen, vere dicam, quaevis mallem fuisset, quam ista, quam dicis. Ego enim, ut, quem ad modum sentiam, loquar, numquam mihi minus quam hesterno die placui; magis adeo id facilitate quam alia ulla culpa mea contigit, qui, dum obsequor adulescentibus, me senem esse 20

15

1. inquit incl. Ern. K.

6

1. licet, inquit: Ell. strikes out inquit here, in consequence of the frequent repetition of the word. It is repeated in § 298, but only once and certainly the fourth recurrence of the word could well be spared. It can only be defended here by the parenthesis, and by the endeavour to keep up a familiar tone. So dixit... dicebat.

2. heri: cp. Quintil. i. 7. 22 ""heri" nunc e littera terminamus: at veterum comicorum adhuc libris invenio "heri ad me venit" [Ter. Phorm. 6], quod idem in epistulis Augusti, quas sua manu scripsit aut emendavit, deprehenditur:' ib. i. 4. 8 "in "here" neque e plane neque i auditur.'

5. elicere: cp. i. 21. 97 verbum ex eo (Crasso) nunquam elicere potui de vi ac ratione dicendi, cum et per memet ipsum egissem et per Drusum saepe temptassem.' permulta.. disseruisse,' stated his views at great length.'

7. schola: perhaps not as in i. 22. 102 of a school, but rather as in de Fin. ii. 1. I'scholam aliquam explicare,' of a lecture, dissertation. Cp. Tusc. i. 4. 8. disputasse, 'discussed.'

10. dicere: imperf. for perf. for the sake

14. quaevis causa B b.

of vividness, as after memini: Roby, § 1372.
Caesar's words to his brother would be
'Scaevola tells me.'

11. bonam partem, 'a good part,' i.e.
a good deal: cp. Hor. Sat. i. 1. 61 'bona
pars hominum:' in Ter. Eun. 123 we
have bonam magnamque partem ad te
adtulit.'

13. nisi forte molesti intervenimus is characteristic of the kindly courtesy of Catulus: Introd. p. 24.

15. attulisset. Roby, § 1778.

16. vere dicam. Cicero almost always uses the future in such phrases: see note on i. 21. 98.

19. adeo, in fact, really.' Liv. iv. 2. 1 'id adeo non plebis quam patrum neque tribunorum magis quam consulum culpa accidere.'

20. contigit, not here in its more usual meaning of a happy chance (cp. Doederl. Synon. v. 339; Cic. in Cat. i. 16, with Halm's note): but of something natural or deserved cp. Mayor on Phil. ii. § 17: Reid on Lael. § 8 (where it is distinctly used of bad fortune): Cat. M. §§ 8. 71. obsequor. Madvig, § 336, obs. 2. senem: i. 45. 199 (note).

oblitus sum fecique id, quod ne adulescens quidem feceram, ut eis de rebus, quae doctrina aliqua continerentur, disputarem. Sed hoc tamen cecidit mihi peropportune, quod transactis iam meis partibus ad Antonium audiendum venistis.' Tum Caesar 16 5 'equidem,' inquit 'Crasse, ita sum cupidus in illa longiore te ac perpetua disputatione audiendi, ut, si id mihi minus contingat, 'vel hoc sim cotidiano tuo sermone contentus; itaque experiar equidem [illud] ut ne Sulpicius familiaris meus aut Cotta plus quam ego apud te valere videantur, et te exorabo profecto, ut 10 mihi quoque et Catulo tuae suavitatis aliquid impertias; sin tibi id minus libebit, non te urgebo neque committam, ut, dum vereare tu ne sis ineptus, me esse iudices.' Tum ille 'ego me- 17 hercule' inquit Crassus ex omnibus Latinis verbis huius verbi vim vel maximam semper putavi; quem enim nos ineptum 15 vocamus, is mihi videtur ab hoc nomen habere ductum, quod non sit aptus, idque in sermonis nostri consuetudine perlate patet; nam qui aut tempus quid postulet non videt aut plura

8. illud om B. Lag. 36; incl. K.

11. licebit, B. Lag. 36 K. libebit, b S. P (A). 12. tum ille, om. B. incl. K.

1. ut, explanatory. Madvig, § 374. 2. doctrina continerentur: cp. note on i. 2. 5.

4. partibus: in Cicero always in the plural, where it has the force of rôle. Quintilian first uses it in the singular with this meaning.

inquit.

Tum Caesar, equidem, Sorof puts a colon after Caesar, supposing the very common ellipse of the verb of saying, which is taken up, he thinks, by 'inquit.' This seems quite needless.

5. ita sum... ... ut, while I am... yet:' for ita restrictive cp. Roby, § 1704.

8. illud is omitted by two good MSS. and bracketed by Kayser. If it stands, it can only be explained as referring to the audire in longiore ac perpetua disputatione:' I will endeavour to persuade you to the former.'

9. videantur: the plural, rejected by Pearce and Ernesti, is supported by sufficient instances: cp. de Off. i. 41. 148 'nec quemquam hoc errore duci oportet ut si quid Socrates aut Aristippus contra morem consuetudinemque civilem fecerint locutive sint, idem sibi arbitretur licere,' where Dr. Holden remarks aut loses its disjunctive force in a negative clause.' Ep. Fam. iv. 5 (in a letter of Sulpicius) 'quid est

quod tu aut illa cum fortuna hoc nomine queri possitis.' Hence the reading of the best MSS. adopted by Orelli, Keller, and Munro, aut qui,' in Hor. Sat. ii. 1. 65, is not grammatically incorrect, as Bentley asserted. Cp. Madvig, § 213 b. obs. 1.

II. libebit is decidedly better than Kayser's licebit, which less suits the tone of the passage. On the other hand, we must certainly read 'licet,' not 'libet' (as Umpfenbach does) in Ter. Andr. 816. 14. vim vel maximam, the very widest signification.' For this use of vis, 'force,' see note on i. 15. 64. Piderit defends this discussion of the word ineptus from the charge of being an irrelevant digression, on the ground that it is of the very essence of good oratory to observe the proper limits in everything. But Cicero elsewhere indulges in disquisitions on the poverty of the Greek language as compared with the Latin, not always very well founded. Cp. Tusc. ii. 15. 35.

ineptus is untranslateable: impertinent' often comes nearest to it: wanting in tact' is sometimes more exact.

15. ductum, 'derived:' derivatum in this sense is not earlier than Quintilian. 17. plura, too much.'

1

loquitur aut se ostentat aut eorum, quibuscum est, vel dignitatis vel commodi rationem non habet aut denique in aliquo genere 18 aut inconcinnus aut multus est, is ineptus esse dicitur. Hoc vitio cumulata est eruditissima illa Graecorum natio; itaque quod vim huius mali Graeci non vident, ne nomen quidem ei vitio 5 imposuerunt; ut enim quaeras omnia, quo modo Graeci ineptum appellent, non reperies. Omnium autem ineptiarum, quae sunt innumerabiles, haud sciam an nulla sit maior, quam, ut illi solent, quocumque in loco, quoscumque inter homines visum est, de rebus aut difficillimis aut non necessariis argutissime disputare. 10 Hoc nos ab istis [adulescentibus] facere inviti et recusantes heri 5 coacti sumus.' Tum Catulus 'ne Graeci quidem,' inquit 'Crasse, 19 qui in civitatibus suis clari et magni fuerunt, sicuti tu es nosque omnes in nostra re publica volumus esse, horum Graecorum, qui * se inculcant auribus nostris, similes fuerunt, nec in otio sermones 15 Cal. haud sciam Bb P(A) : haud scio (nescio an incuria) K. 12. C. v. § 19: Hic incipit Cod. Abrinc. 15. nec in otio ABb Lagg. 2, 13, 32, 36. legebatur nec tamen in otio. I. quibuscum est, 'with whom he has to do.'

140€ likel

2. in aliquo genere, 'in some way or other,' an indefinite expression to which 'inconcinnus' and 'multus' are subordinated.

3. inconcinnus, awkward.'

multus, officious, troublesome' = TOλυπραγμονῶν : the word generally means 'loquacious,' (cp. § 358), but it is not limited to this sense, nor is it proper to give it that force here, as Pid. does, for this would be tautology after plura loquitur.' Cp. Plaut. Men. 316 'heu hercle homonem multum et odiossum mihi.'

4. cumulata est, abounds' so 'ineptitudinis cumulatus' Caecilius (Ribbeck, Fragm. Com. p. 44).

eruditissima, 'with all its learning.' Cicero is speaking of course mainly of the Greeks as he knew them at Rome: the rhetoricians, grammarians, and aretalogi.

5. ne nomen quidem :-áváрμоσтos, which comes nearest to ineptus in formation, certainly does not correspond to it in force. It may be doubted whether άтоτоs, which Wyttenbach suggested as an equivalent, quite coincides. But if there be no identical expression this is due to any cause rather than that to which Cicero ascribes it: it comes rather from their superior powers of analysis: the characters of ὁ ἄκαιρος, ὁ περιέργος and ὁ ἀδολέσ xns in Theophrastus (Nos. ix, x, and xviii in Prof. Jebb's charming edition) all represent different sides of the ineptus.- For

the Roman opinion of Greek talkativeness, cp. Sen. Ep. 40. § 40 nunquam dubitavit (Haterius), nunquam intermisit. In Graecis hanc licentiam tuleris,' and other passages quoted by Mayor on Juv. iii. 73. So above, i. 22. 102.

7. ineptiarum, instances of want of taste: i. 24. I11: Brut. 91. 315 'si nihil habere molestiarum nec ineptiarum Atticorum est, hic orator in illis numerari recte potest.'

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8. haud sciam an: i. 60. 255 (note). 10. aut non, or at any rate not.' Cp. i. 19. 85 (note): and Kühner, Ausf. Gr. ii. 708.

argutissime, most subtly:' or we might perhaps give the word the force of 'wordily,' which it has in ad Att. vi. 5. 1 litteras quam argutissimas.' Cp. de Leg. i. 2. 7 nam quid Macrum numerem ? cuius loquacitas habet aliquid argutiarum, nec id tamen ex illa erudita Graecorum copia, sed ex librariolis Latinis.'

11. recusantes, 'under protest.'

12. Tum Catulus. With these words the first portion of the Codex Abrincensis begins. Henceforward all important readings of this MS. will be noticed.

14. horum Graecorum, 'the Greeks whom we are accustomed to see.' Catulus appears in his usual character as a Philhellene.

15. inculcant, 'obtrude themselves upon,' a very strong word, not apparently elsewhere so used: cp. i. 28. 127.

nec in otio. The inferior MSS. have