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The worship of the family, the gens, and the state
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CHAPTER XVI.
INTERNAL HISTORY FROM THE HORTENSIAN LAWS TO THE
TIME OF THE GRACCHI.
Position of the Roman allies
Aggrandisement of the great Roman houses
Minor reforms
The Elian and Fufian laws
Gradual changes in constitutional practice
Extension of military commands beyond the term of office.
Origin of the Social war
Growing power of the senate
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Pre-eminence of the senate in the state
The power of the senate a usurpation
Danger arising from obsolete laws left unrepealed
Change in the character of the Roman nobility.
Changed conditions of Roman society in general
Effects of the extension of Roman conquests
Idea of an appeal to the people
Composition of the people.
The allies and the slaves
The equestrian order
The senate and the capitalists
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Occupation of waste lands.
Growth of a class of professional soldiers
External causes tending to depress Italian agriculture
Depression and disappearance of the smaller landowners
Violence of the larger landowners
Competition of slave with free labour
Disregard of the peasantry by the nobles
The rural Italian population
Effects of the Hannibalian war
Election of Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus as one of the ten