Rom. xvi. 12, 22. To be dead in sin, or perish in iniquity, is to be under the reigning power of it, and to be dead and perish by means of it, Eph. ii. 1. Josh. xxii. 20. John viii. 21. The accurate consideration of the sense of this preposition. IN, is often of great use to lead to the true meaning of many inspired texts. INCENSE; that which is ordinarily so called, is a precious and fragrant gum, issuing from the frankincense-tree. The incense used in the Jewish offerings, at least that which was burnt on the altar of incense, and before the ark, was a precious mixture of sweet spices, stacte, onycha, galbanum, and pure frankincense, beaten very small. None but priests were to burn it; nor was any, under pain of death, to make any like to it. This incense was burnt twice a day on the golden altar. On the fast of expiation, two hands full of it was burnt before the ark, in the Holy of holies, to prevent every curious and dangerous look to the ark. By it was signified, Christ's precious, hearty, powerful, and constant intercession within the vail, on the footing of his own right. eousness, which renders us and our spiritual services acceptable to God, Exod. xxx. 34,-38. Lev. xvi. 12,14. Acceptable prayers and praises are called incense and offering, Mal. i. 11. Psal. cxli. 2. To be INCENSED against one, is to be filled with rage and enmity, Isa. xli. 11. and xlv. 24. INCHANT. See DIVINATION. INCLINE. The ear is inclined, when it carefully listens to hear, Prov. v. 13. The heart is inclined, when it earnestly affects, desires, or studies, Judg. ix. 3. The house of an harlot inclines to death. Men's going into it, or indulging themselves in whoredoms, confirms spiritual death, and hastens forward temporal and eternal death, Prov. ii. 18. INCLOSE; (1.) To compass: shut up round about, as with a wall or hedge, Psal. xxii. 16. (2.) To fix to the middle of a surrounding piece of metal, Exod. xxxix. 6. The church is inclosed; protected by God, and consecrated to his sole honour and use, Song iv. 12. Men are inclosed in their own fat, when they can scarce see for plumpness; when their wealth abounds on every side, and their hearts are stupid, and destitute of the fear of God, Psal. xvii. 10. God incloses men's ways with hewn stone, when, by outward calamities, he bereaves them of liberty, ease, or hope of outgate, Lam. 9. iii. INCONTINENT: given to unchastity and intemperance, 2 Tim. iii. 3. INCONTINENCY; an inability to refrain desire of the lawful pleasures of marriage, 2 Cor. vii. 5. INCORRUPTIBLE; what cannot grow worse, or rot. Corruption puts on incorruption, when our once corrupted and rotten bodies are rendered altogether free of all vileness or tendency towards death, 1 Cor. xv. 50. INCREASE. See GROW. INCREDIBLE; what cannot be believed. The resurrection of the dead is not incredible; God's power and wisdom can effect it; his justice and goodness require it; his word plainly fortells it; and his providence hath already given pledges of it, Acts xxvi. 8. INCURABLE; what cannot be healed, 2 Chron. xxi. 18.; or what can hardly be healed, Jer. xxx. 12. INDEED; (1.) Truly; assuredly, Deut. ii. 15. (2.) Eminently; in a very singular manner. So Christ makes free indeed, with a glorious liberty, which can never be taken away, John viii. 31, 36. His flesh and blood are meat indeed, suited to every person, and are quickening to the soul; do secure everlasting life and strength, and are infinitely sweet and substantial, Joha vi. 55. And an Israelite indeed, is one truly and eminently holy, and noted for wrestling with God, John i. 47. Widows indeed, are such as behave gravely and piously, answerably to their condition, and are really poor and destitute, 1 Tim. v. 3, 5, 16. INDIA; a large country on the south of Asia, extending from north to south about 2400 miles, and from east to west 1800. It is chiefly watered by the Indus on the west, and the Ganges in the middle of the country, and the various rivers that run into these two. The soil is very fruitful in rice, millet, fruits, and spices. This country affords elephants, camels, monkeys, mines of gold and silver, diamonds, rubies, and almost all manner of precious stones. The empire of the Persians and Greeks extended to the northwest parts of it, Esth. i. 1. INDIGNATION; ANGER kindled to a very high degree. Jeremiah was filled with indignation by God; he was appointed to deliver messages of wrath; he was exposed to trouble, and to the fury of the Jews, and moved with holy zeal against their evil ways, Jer. xv. 17. INFERIOR; lesser in honour," wealth, wisdom, or excellency, Job xii. 3. INFIDEL; an Heathen, who believes not the Revelations of God in scripture, 2 Cor. vi. 15. 1 Tim. v. 8. INFINITE; (1.) Exceeding great, Nah. iii. 9. (2.) Altogether unbounded, Psal. cxlvii. 5. INFIRMITY. See WEAKNESS. INFLAME; to set on fire. Wine inflames men, if drunk to excess; it too much heats the bodily constitution, and provokes fleshly lusts, Isa. v. 11. Men inflame themselves with idols, when they have a burning zeal for their service and worship, and are ready to expend their wealth, honour. and strength in it, Isa. lvii. 5. INFLAMMATION; a burning boil, either in the inner or outer part of the body, occasioned by an excessive flow of the blood into that part; or the blood becomes too thick, or the fibres are relaxed or bruised, Deut. xxviii. 22. INFLUENCE; the virtue that flows from one thing to another, as from the sun, moon, stars, or rain; to cause the earth bring forth fruit, Job xxxviii. 31. INFOLD; to wrap up; catch hold of, Ezek. i. 4. INDITE; to form thoughts for INGATHERING; the feast of speech or writing. The word sig-ingathering, viz. after all the pronifies, to boil up, as water in a spring, duct of fields and vineyards was gaor as the sacred oil in the frying pan, thered in, was the same with the Psal. xlv. 1. FEAST of tabernacles, Exod. xxiii. 16. INGRAFT. See GRAFF. INHABIT; to dwell in. See HABITATION. INDUSTRIOUS; sensible, and active in business, 1 Kings xi. 28. INFALLIBLE; which cannot fail; cannot admit of any doubt, Acts i. 3. INFAMY. See REPROACH. INFANT; a child almost newly born, Luke xviii. 15. During the Millennium, there shall not be an infant of days; professors of Christianify shall not be so ignorant, or easily tempted to sin, as now; nor perhaps shall infants so frequently die as now, Isa. lxv. 20. INHERIT. See HEIR. INJURE; to do one wrong or injustice, Gal. iv. 12. An injurious person is one that does wrong to God, his people, &c. 1 Tim. i. 13. INK; a liquor for writing with on paper, parchment, &c. Common ink is made of galls, copperas, gumarabic, vitriol, &c. Printers ink is I made of nut or lintseed oil, turpen- | of Moses' law, or a copy of the blessings and curses, was inscribed on the altar at Ebal, Deut. xxvii. 8. tine, and lamp-black. Chinese or Indian ink is a rare composition of smoke-black, especially of that of fat pork, with some oil and odoriferous ingredients; and is made up in solid pieces, which must be dissolved in water, Jer. xxxvi. 18. 2 John 12. 3 John 13. The people of the East were wont to carry their INK-HORNS by their side; and to this day the secretaries, or writers in Turkey, do so. Jesus Christ is represented as having an ink-horn at his side, to denote his readiness to mark out his people for preservation amidst common calamities, Ezek, ix. 2, 3, 11. INN; a place for travellers to lodge or refresh themselves at. In ancient times, hospitality was so common, that inns were much less necessary than now: yet it appears there were some, Gen. xlii. 27. Christ's church is an inn; there his people travelling to glory, lodge and refresh themselves, and are under the care of his angels and ministers, Luke x. 34. INNOCENT; not GUILTY of crimes; not guilty of some particular crimes, Job xxii. 30. INNUMERABLE; so many as cannot be numbered, Job xxi. 33. INORDINATE; disorderly; excessive, Ezek. xxiii. 11. Col. iii. 5. INQUISITION; search; examination, Deut. xix. 18. God makes inquisition for blood, when in his providence he discovers and punishes murderers and oppressors, Ps. ix. 12. INSCRIPTION, or SUPERSCRIPTION; a writing on pillars, altars, marble, coins, &c. Acts xvii. 23. Matth. xxii. 20. Anciently the history of nations, and the principles of science were often marked in inscriptions. A Grecian history of about 1318 years, was inscribed on the Arundelian marbles. Grævius has filled three volumes in folio, with inscriptions of the ancient Greeks and Romans. At least, an abridgment INSPIRATION; God's conveying of directive and exciting in. fluence to man's soul, Job xxxii. 8. The inspiration whereby God indited his word, was not merely his su perintending the minds of the sacred writers, so as to keep them from grosser faults, but his impressing their minis in such a manner as fully convinced them they were moved of God, and his suggesting to them what they should write, and words fit for expressing it. Should we, with some learned men, admit superintendency to preserve from gross errors, and no more, our Bible may be a mass of smaller errors, even in its original draught: and if we admit the writers to have been left to themselves in the choice of their words, for aught we know, they may have every where ex: pressed their just ideas in words very improper, 2 Tim. iii. 16. INSTANT; very eager and ear. nest, Rom. xii. 12, An instant, is a moment, or short period of time, Jer. xviii. 7. Luke ii. 38. INSTRUCT. See TEACH. INSTRUMENT; a tool wherewith one labours, plays music, &c. Exod. xxv. 9. The second causes, whereby God executes his works of mercy or judgment, are his instruments, Isa. xli. 15. Sword, famine, pestilence, and diseases, are his instru ments of death, Psal. vii. 13. Men's bodies, or members, are instruments of righteousness or unrighteousness; are as it were tools whereby we work the one or the other in outward acts, Rom. vi. 13. The evil instruments of the churl, are the sinful methods which he useth to increase his wealth, Isa. xxxii. 7. Zechariah took to him the instruments of a foolish shepherd, a scrip, and staff, and behaved as a foolish shepherd: this signified the foolishness and tyranny of the Jewish think it also marked the foolishness and tyranny of the Romish Popes; Zech. xi. 15, 16. The instruments of cruelty in Simeon and Levi's habitations, were their swords, wherewith they had murdered the Shechemites, Gen. xlix. 5. falers after the time of Christ. Some cannot be uttered; he excites to prayer, directs what to ask, and enables to offer our requests to God, in a duly earnest manner, Rom. viii. 26. We make intercession for men, when we plead with God on their behalf, and for his gifts and graces to them, 1 Tim. ii. 1. In a time of universal apostacy, God wondered that there was no intercessor, none to stand up in behalf of religion, and wrestle with him, for the turning INSURRECTION; a rebellious rising of subjects against their magistrates, Psal. lxiv. 2. Mark xv. 2. INTANGLE ; to bring into trouble or danger, that one can hard-away of his wrath, Isa. lix. 16. ly escape. The Hebrews were intangled, at the Red sea, the sea being before them, the Egyptians hehind them, and rugged rocks on every hand of them, Exod. xiv. 3. The Jews thought to entangle Christ in his talk, by decoying him to speak something criminal, and which he could not excuse, or defend, Matth. xxii. 15. The Jews were intangled with the enslaving yoke of ceremonies; so fixedly accustomed to them, as neither to be able or willing to free themselves therefrom, Gal. v. 1. Men are intangled by their lusts, when so in veigled and fixed in a course of sin that they neither will nor can leave it, 2 Pet. . 20. Men are intangled in the affairs of this life, when their care of, and labour therein, distract and captivate their minds, 2 Tim. ii. 4. INTEGRITY; downright honesty, sincerity, Job xxvii. 5. INTELLIGENCE; correspondence for information, Dan. xi. 30. INTEND; to aim; to purpose, Acts v. 28, 35. INTENT; end, 2 Sam. xvii. 14. Acts x. 29. The intents of the heart, are its secret purposes and aims, Jer. xxx. 24. INTERMEDDLE; (1.) To attempt to deal in, Prov. xviii. 1. (2.) To share of, Prov. xiv. 10. INTERMISSION; ceasing, breaking off a little, Lam. iii. 49. INTERPRET; (1.) To explain the words of one language into these of another, 1 Cor. xii. 30. (2.) To shew the sense of something mysterious and obscure, Gen. xli. 8. Jesus is an interpreter one among a thousand: he, by the powerful illumination of his word and Spirit, explains and shews unto men, the deep and dark things of God, Job xxxiii. 23. INTERCESSION; pleading in behalf of others. Christ maketh intercession for us; he appears before God in our nature, and pleads that the blessings purchased with his blood may be given us, Isa. liii. 12. Rom. ii. 34. The Holy Ghost makes intercession for us with groanings that INTREAT; (1.) To beseech; to beg earnestly; to pray, Exod. viii. 8. Gen. xxiii. 8. Ruth. i. 16. (2.) To entertain; deal with, Gen. xii. 16. Exod. v. 22. To be intreated, is, kindly to regard and grant a request, Gen. xxv. 21. INTRUDE; proudly to press in by force; to pry into things above our reach, and which we have no call nor need to know, Col. ii. 18. INVADE; to enter a country, with a view to cut off or subdue the inhabitants, or to carry off their wealth, 2 Kings xiii. 20. INVENT; to contrive; find out. INVENTIONS are, (1.) Wise contrivances, respecting knowledge, arts, management, Prov. viii. 12. (2.) Idolatrous and other sinful devices and practices, contrived by men, to render themselves happy or honoured, Ps. cvi. 29. and xcix. 8. Eccl. vii. 29. INVISIBLE; what cannot be | Absalom, and this harsh usage, David seen by our bodily eyes, Rom. i. 20. INWARD; Inward parts, denote the soul or heart and inward signifies what belongs to the soul, Psal. li. 6. An inward friend, is one who truly and from the heart loves us, or who is very familiar with us, and shares of our secrets, Job xix. 19. resented, by displacing him from his generalship, and putting Amasa his cousin, and the commander of Absalom's host, in his room. Joab, however, attended his brother Abishai's troop as a volunteer, in the pursuit of Sheba the son of Bichri, who had raised a new rebellion. He quickly murdered Amasa, when he came up, and resumed his command. He pursued, and quickly procured the head of Sheba, and quashed his rebellion. He wisely remonstrated against David's numbering the people, but was obliged to execute that task, and in ten months performed the greater part of it, 2 Sam. ii. iii. and v. and viii. to xii. and xiv. and xviii.-xx. and xxiv. When through old age, David concerned himself little in the government of the kingdom, Joab and Abiathar, contrary to their master's known intentions, thought to have set up Adonijah to be his successor. The attempt miscarried, but tended to increase David's disgust at Joab. On his deathbed, he requested Solomon to punish him for the murder of Abner and Amasa. Some time after David's death, Joab, hearing that Adonijah was executed by Solomon's order's, fled to the horns of the brazen altar at Gibeon for refuge. Solomon sent Benaniah, now general of the host, to require him to quit his place of protection. Joab refused, and said he would die on the spot. Solomon ordered him to be killed where he was. This being done, he was buried in his own house, in the wilderness, 1 Kings i. and ii. JOAB, the son of Zeruiah, brother of Abishai and Asahel the nephew and general of king David, was a faithful and valiant commander; but imperious, cruel, and revengeful. No doubt he attended his uncle in his exile under Saul. At Gibeon, he sinfully complied with Abner's proposal of a duel betwixt twelve on each side, of David's and Ishbosheth's men. That very day, he defeated the troops under Abner, but lost Asahel his brother. To revenge his death, he afterwards treacherously murdered Abner; nor durst David punish him for so doing, as he and his brother Abishai had the troops so much at their beck. By first entering the city of Jérusalem, and driving back the Jebusite guards, he procured himself to the office of commander to all the Hebrew troops. Chiefly under his direction of the army, the Moabites, Philistines, Edomites, Syrians, and Ammonites, were rendered tributary to Israel. At David's direction, he basely promoted the murder of Uriah. By his direction, the widow of Tekoah procured Absalom's return from exile. He afterward procured his admission to court; but was his hearty opposer, when he rebelled against his father; and, contrary to David's JOASH, or JEHOASH, the son of orders, killed him, as he hung by Ahaziah king of Judah. Jehoshebah, his hair on an oak-tree. He wisely, the wife of Jehoiada the high-priest, but harshly,, chid David for his ex- his aunt preserved him from the cessive and ill-timed sorrow, for Ab-murderous designs of ATHALIAH his salom's death, and his neglect of grandmother, when he was but a the brave warriors, who had routed year old, and kept him hid six years the rebellious host. The killing of in a chamber belonging to the tem |