38-43]

RUBELLIUS. IULUS. AGGER.

I I

Camerinus was cons. B.c. 500, and in the early period of the republic other members of the family filled high offices. Under the empire the Camerini again appear in history DCass. LXIII 18 ZovλTIKLOV Kаμeρίνον ἄνδρα τῶν πρώτων. On the thought cf. Plin. pan. 3 § 4 non enim periculum est, ne cum loquar de humanitate, exprobrari sibi superbiam credat; cum de frugalitate, luxuriam etc. 39 RUBELLI C. Rubel

lius Blandus married A. D. 33 Iulia, daughter of Drusus the son of Tiberius Tac. an. vi 27. 45. By her he had a son Rubellius Plautus ib. XIV 22 quasi iam depulso Nerone, quisnam deligeretur anquirebant; et omnium ore Rubellius Plautus celebratur, cui nobilitas per matrem ex Iulia familia [cf. quae sanguine fulget Iuli Iuv. 42]; ipse placita maiorum colebat habitu severo casta et secreta domo quantoque metu occultior, tanto plus famae adeptus. It was a charge against Agrippina ib. XIII 19 destinavisse eam Rubellium Plautum, per maternam originem pari ac Nero gradu a divo Augusto [Plautus was greatgrandson of Tiberius, stepson of Augustus: Nero's mother, Agrippina, was daughter of Germanicus and Agrippina, daughter of Augustus's daughter Iulia] ad res novas extollere. When he was put to death by Nero's orders A.D. 62 he left a wife and children ib. xiv 64. One son appears (as was usual) to have assumed his grandfather's cognomen, and in Iuvenal's time to have been notorious for his pride of birth. cf. infr. 42 n. Fritz Wolfgramm Rubellius Plautus und seine Beurtheilung bei Tacitus und Iuvenal. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des Claudisch-Iulischen Geschlechts. Prenzlau, Uhse. 1871. 8vo. 40 TUMES Tac. h. 1 16 Nero, quem longa Caesarum serie tumentem etc. DRUSORUM 21 n.

ALTO 131.

42 QUAE Rubellius Plautus the father, who was the son of Iulia, is here confounded with his son (Haakh in Pauly). SANGUINE Tac. an. Iv 52 Agrippina calls herself caelesti sanguine ortam. ib. XII 58. IULI I 100 n. XII 70. Aen. 1 267 at puer Ascanius, cui nunc cognomen Iulo. ib. 288 Iulius a magno demissum nomen Iulo. ib. vI 756 seq. id. g. 111 48. Strab. XIII p. 594 seq. Caesar was inclined to favour the Ilians, both as a Roman (the Romans regarding Aeneas as their progenitor), and also because he was called Iulius, from Iulus one of his ancestors, who as being a descendant of Aeneas took the name from Iulus [son of Aeneas]. Accordingly he gave them land and liberty and immunity from state burdens, privileges which they retain to this day.' App. b. c. 11 68. 154. 1 16. Mart. vi 3 1. On the nobility of the Iulii and their descent from Iulus see DH. 1 70. Klausen Aeneas u. d. Penaten 1059 seq. Venus genetrix is on their coins. Caesar claimed descent from Venus ib. 731. 1067. Caesar in Suet. Caes. 6. Liv. 1 3 § 2. Vell. I 41 § 2. Tac. an. Iv 9. DCass. XLI 34 § 2. XLIII 14 43 § 2. XLIV 37. LXIII 29 § 3. cf. Schwegler 1 306. 338. 267. So Iulius Proculus DH. Ir 63. Plut. Rom. 28 § 1. where Cato is cited, is a forgery.

Tibull. 1 6 79 firmaque conductis annectit licia telis.

§ 6. 22 § 2. Serv. Aen. I AV. orig. 15, 43 CONDUCTA

aggere v 153 n. vi 588 plebeium in circo positum est et in aggere fatum. Hor. s. 18 15 aggere in aprico spatiari. This mound, which lay to the east of Rome, is ascribed to Servius Tullius (Liv. 1 44 aggere et fossis et muro circumdat urbem. Strab. v p. 234 'Servius enlarged the city by the addition of the Esquiline and Viminal hills. These also are open to assault from without. Accordingly they dug a deep trench, throwing up the earth inside, and carried a mound six stadia in length

12

CECROPIDES. ADJ. AS SUBST.

[VIII 43-51 along the inner brink of the trench; on this they raised a wall and towers from the Colline gate to the Esquiline. Halfway in the mound is a third gate, bearing the same name as the Viminal hill') or to Tarquinius Superbus. Plin. h. n. 111 § 67 clauditur ab oriente [Roma] aggere Tarquinii Superbi, inter prima opere mirabili; namque eum muris aequavit, qua maxime patebat aditu plano. Perhaps Tarquin completed and enlarged the work of Servius DH. IV 54. The thickness of the mound was 50 feet, its length 7 stadia ib. 1x 68, but see Strab. 1. 1. Cicero de rep. 11 6 calls it maximus. Plin. xxxvi § 104 aggeris vastum spatium. From hence criminals were precipitated Suet. Cal. 27. Schwegler 1 727 4.

I

44 INQUIS Says Rubellius.

VULGI PARS ULTIMA

Luc. vI 590-1 non ultima turbae | pars ego Romanae, Magni clarissima proles. Sen. brev. vit. 13 § 7 ultimo mancipio. 45 IV 98 n. 46 CECROPIDES 53. cf. I 100 n. vi 187 Troiugenae. Iustin. 11 6 § 7 ante Deucalionis tempora regem habuere [Athenae] Cecropem. Apollod. 1 14 1 § 1 Kéкрoy avтóxowv.. Tŷs 'ATτικῆς ἐβασίλευσε πρώτος. Lucian Timon 23 εὐγενέστερον τοῦ Κέ κροπος ἢ Κόδρου. VIVAS 'long life to you.' DCass. LXXII 18 § 2 Commodus after despatching 100 bears in the amphitheatre took a draught of sweet wine iced in a cup shaped like a club; on which the populace and we all τοῦτο δὴ τὸ ἐν τοῖς συμποσίοις εἰωθὸς λέγεσθαι ἐξεβοήσαμεν ζήσειας. cf. viva, vive. ὄναιο τῆς εὐγενείας. ‘Ι wish you joy.' 47 cf. 237 seq. Hor. s. 16 6 seq.

IMA PLEBE

TAMEN though you scorn the poor. Ov. m. Ix 306 una ministrarum media de plebe Galanthis. QUIRITEM not used in the sing. by good prose writers. It is found in poets and in some legal formulae Neue Formenlehre 1 456. cf. Iuv. 26 procerem. Becker II 1 21. 48 FACUNDUM )( VII 145.

49 NOBILIS INDOCTI nobilis is used as a substantive cf. 111 233 plurimus aeger. VII 30 dives avarus. 170 veteres caecos. XIII 124 dubii aegri. Cic. Lael. § 54 insipiens fortunatus. Gossrau on Verg. Aen. 1 562. Eur. Oed. fr. 6. Andr. 631. Liv. v 20 § 6 otiosorum urbanorum. IV 48 § 13 Weissenb. XXII 34 § 8 plebeios nobiles. Luc. v 699 felix naufragus. VII 373 sacros canos. VENIET QUI VII 184. TOGATA Opposed to armis industrius. Among low-born civilians will be found great lawyers, among low-born soldiers great captains.' On the toga as the garb of peace and of the law-courts cf. 240 n. Two examples of orators, who raised themselves from the lowest rank by their talents, are given by Tac. dial. 8 quo sordidius et abiectius nati sunt quoque notabilior paupertas et angustiae rerum nascentes eos circumsteterunt, eo clariora et ad demonstrandam oratoriae eloquentiae utilitatem illustriora exempla sunt, quod sine commendatione natalium. per multos iam annos potentissimi sunt civitatis. 50 IURIS NODOS Gell. XII 10 § 1 Labeo Antistius was a master of grammar, logic, etymology, eaque praecipue scientia ad enodandos plerosque iuris laqueos utebatur. cod. Iv 29 23 pr. antiquae iurisdictionis retia et difficillimos nodos resolventes et supervacuas distinctiones exsulare cupientes. AENIGMATA SOLVAT cod. I 14 12 § 1 legum aenigmata solvere et omnibus aperire. SOLVAT students of law in their fourth year were termed lytae (λúra), in their fifth prolytae dig. prooem. § 5. 51 HIC another plebeian cf. hic 48. EUPHRATEN 169. serves against the Parthians and Armenians.

...

LEGUM

See the

51-56]

EUPHRATES. BATAVI. HERMAE.

13

stations of the fleets and armies of Rome in Tac. an. Iv 5 praecipuum robur Rhenum iuxta, commune in Germanos Gallosque subsidium octo legiones erant. ... dehinc initio ab Syria usque ad flumen Euphraten, quantum ingenti terrarum sinu ambitur, quattuor legionibus coërcita, accolis Hibero Albanoque et aliis regibus, qui magnitudine nostra proteguntur adversum externa imperia. Stat. s. ν 1 86-91 magnum late dimittere in orbem | Romulei mandata ducis viresque modosque | imperii tractare manu; quae laurus ab arcto, | quid vagus Euphrates, quid ripa binominis Istri, | quid Rheni vexilla ferant, quantum ultimus orbis | cesserit et refugo circumsona gurgite Thule. Philo leg. ad G. 2 11 547 M in a striking description of the greatness of Rome ἀρχὴν . . τῶν πλείστων καὶ ἀναγκαιοτάτων μερῶν τῆς οἰκουμένης, ἃ δὴ καὶ κυρίως ἄν τις οἰκουμένην εἴποι, δυσὶ ποταμοῖς ὁριζομένην, Εὐφράτῃ τε καὶ Ῥήνῳ τῷ μὲν ἀποτεμνομένῳ Γερμανίαν καὶ ὅσα θηριω δέστερα ἔθνη, Εὐφράτῃ δὲ Παρθύην καὶ τὰ Σαρματῶν γένη καὶ Σκυθῶν, ἅπερ οὐχ ἧττον ἐξηγρίωται τῶν Γερμανικών. BATAVI the Batavi or Batăvi (Lucan 1 431), a German people (Tac. Germ. 29. h. Iv 12), who occupied the country between the rivers Rhine Waal and Maas. They made an unsuccessful attempt under Claudius Civilis (A. D. 69) to shake off the yoke of Rome ib. 12-37. 54-79. v 14—26.

ib. 1 59 ferox gens. id. G. 29 omnium harum gentium virtute prae

cipui Batavi... nec tributis contemnuntur nec publicanus atterit: exempti oneribus et collationibus et tantum in usum proeliorum sepositi, velut tela atque arma, bellis reservantur. Sil. III 607-8 to Domitian at tu transcendes, Germanice, facta tuorum | iam puer auricomo praeformidate Batavo. 52 INDUSTRIUS Sen. cited 53 CECROPIDES 46 n. The son of Cecrops

on 70.

(king of Athens) is aptly compared to a Hermes. HERMAE a bust supported on a quadrangular pillar Plut. an seni sit ger. resp. 28 § 4 p. 797 τῶν Ἑρμῶν τοὺς πρεσβυτέρους ἄχειρας καὶ ἄποδας. Themist. or. 26 p. 316* πρὸ μὲν Δαιδάλου τετράγωνος ἣν οὐ μόνον ἡ τῶν Ερμῶν ἐργασία, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἡ τῶν λοιπῶν ἀνδριάντων. The noble, who has nothing but his birth to recommend him, is as useless as if he had neither hands nor feet. DL. v § 82 Ιδών ποτε [Demetrius Phalereus] νεάνισκον ἄσωτον ‘ἰδού ̓ ἔφη “τετράγωνος Ερμῆς ἔχων σύρμα, κοιλίαν, αἰδοῖον, πώγωνα. Stob. f. ιν 68 Φίλιππος τοὺς ̓Αθηναίους εἴκαζε τοῖς Ἑρμαῖς, ὡς στόμα μόνον ἔχουσι καὶ αἰδοῖα μεγάλα. Sidon. ep. iv 12 illum ipsum Hermam stolidissimum, of a blockhead. Liban. ep. 1308 μᾶλλον ἄν τις τοῖς ἀνδριάσιν αἰτίαν ἐπήνεγκεν ἐρωτικὴν ἢ τούτῳ. id. or. I 200 of students at lecture some stand like stocks with wrist idly resting on wrist, λιθίνοις ἐοικότες, καρπῷ καρπὸν ἐπιβάλλοντες. Eur. Electr. 383 seq. οὐ μὴ φρονήσεθ', οἳ κενῶν δοξασμάτων | πλήρεις πλανᾶσθε, τῇ δ' ὁμιλίᾳ βροτοὺς | κρινεῖτε καὶ τοῖς ἤθεσιν τοὺς εὐγενεῖς; | οἱ γὰρ τοιοῦτοι τὰς πόλεις οἰκοῦσιν εὖ | καὶ δώμαθ', αἱ δὲ σάρκες αἱ κεναὶ φρενῶν ἀγάλματ' ayopas eloiv. Cic. in Pis. § 19 truncus atque stipes. p. red. in sen. § 14. Apul. apol. 66 fin. frutex cf. Plaut. most. I 1 12. Strab. cited on 33. 55 MARMOREUM XIII 115. IMAGO 'you are a breathing statue:' there seems to be also an allusion to the imagines maiorum, which were a chief distinction of nobles. 56 TEUCRORUM PROLES

I 100 n. Tac. an. 1ν 55. Hieron. ep. 103=27 3 Paula, whose mother was descended froin the Scipios and Gracchi, her father from Agamemnon, married ib. 4 Toxotius, qui Aeneae et Iuliorum altissimum sanguinem trahit. unde etiam filia cius Christi virgo Eustochium

14

ANIMALIA MUTA. CIRCUS. RACE-HORSES. [VIII 56-62

Iulia nuncupatur. et haec dicimus, non quod habentibus grandia sint, sed quod contemnentibus mirabilia. saeculi homines suspiciunt eos, qui his pollent privilegiis. Ios. bell. 1 24 § 2 Herod's daughter-in-law Glaphyra provoked Salome γενεαλογοῦσα τὴν αὐτῆς εὐγένειαν καὶ ὡς πασῶν τῶν κατὰ τῶν βασίλειον εἴη δεσπότις, κατὰ πατέρα μὲν ἀπὸ Τημένου, κατὰ μητέρα δὲ ἀπὸ Δαρείου τοῦ Ὑστάσπεως οὖσα. As late as 1284 abp. Peckham rebuked the Welsh for their boast of a Trojan origin WartonHazlitt 1 100. ANIMALIA MUTA this illustration of true nobility from the inferior creation was familiar to the schools Quintil. v 11 § 4 an example of induction quod est pomum generosissimum? nonne quod optimum?' concedetur. quid equus? qui generosissimus? nonne qui optimus?' et plura in eundem modum. deinde, cuius rei gratia rogatum est: quid homo? nonne is generosissimus, qui optimus?' fatendum erit. Apul. apol. 21 hocine homini opprobrari [poverty] quod nulli ex animalibus vitio datur, non aquilae, non tauro, non leoni? equus si virtutibus suis polleat ut sit acquabilis vector et cursor pernix, nemo ei penuriam pabuli exprobrat, tu mihi vitio dabis non facti vel dicti alicuius pravitatem, sed quod vivo gracili lare etc. Stob. f. cv 8 ὁ κράτιστος ἵππος ἐπιμελεστέραν ἔχει | ἄλλου θεραπείαν κ.τ.λ. cf. Theogn. 1836 κριοὺς μὲν καὶ ὄνους διζήμεθα, Κύρνε, καὶ ἵππους | εὐγενέας, καί τις βούλεται ἐξ ἀγαθῶν βήσεσθαι· γῆμαι δὲ κακὴν κακοῦ οὐ μελεδαίνει | ἐσθλὸς ἀνήρ. 57 GENEROSA Verg. g. 111 75 pecoris generosi pullus. Serv. id est, qui cx optimo genere descendit. Bremi on Nep. xxv 1 § 3, who compares γενναῖος. NEMPE Hand. Turs. Iv 161'interrogatione facta respondent Latini affirmando per nempe, quando res ipsa aperta aut omnibus nota, aut necessaria videtur esse.' infr. x 110 n.

58 PALMA Cod. Theodos. xv 7 6 quidquid illud est [of the horses in the Circus], quod palmarum numero gloriosum et celebratis utrinque victoriis nobile congregatur. Suet. Ner. 22.

59 on the shouts in the circus cf. Ix 144. Mart. x 53 1. Sen. ep. 83 § 7 ecce circensium obstrepit clamor. subita aliqua et universa voce feriuntur aures meae. nec cogitationem meam excutiunt nec interrumpunt. Quintil. 1 6 § 45 tota saepe theatra et omnem circi turbam exclamasse barbare scimus. Auson. epitaph. 35 1. Plin. ep. 1x 6 § 2. Bulenger de circo 47. 60 NOBILIS Iustin. Ix 2

§ 16 viginti milia nobilium equarum ad genus faciendum in Macedoniam missa. 61 IN AEQUORE in the course. 62 but the breed of Coryphaeus and Hirpinus are a worthless herd, such as their masters would gladly dispose of, if etc. pecus is often used contemptuously mutum et turpe pecus etc. CORYPHAEI κορυφαίου, leader. POSTERITAS on the pedigree of horses cf. Stat. s. v 2 21 seq. Romulei qualis per munera circi | cum pulcher visu et titulis generosus avitis | exspectatur equus, cuius de stemmate longo | felix emeritos habet admissura parentes, | illum omnes acuunt plausus, illum ipse volantem | pulvis et incurvae gaudent agnoscere metae. Cypr. de spect. 5 quam vana sunt ipsa certamina, lites in coloribus, contentiones in cursibus, favores in honoribus, gaudere quod equus velocior fuerit, maerere quod pigrior, annos pecoris computare, consules nosse, aetates discere, prosapiam designare, avos ipsos atavosque commemorare! quam hoc totum otiosum negotium, immo quam turpe et ignominiosum, hunc, inquam, memoriter totam equini generis sobolem computan. tem et sine offensa spectaculi cum magna velocitate refer.

62-66]

PEDIGREE OF HORSES. EPIREDIA.

15

entem! DChr. or. 15 1 268 D ἔστι δὲ ὡς περὶ τοὺς γενναίους καὶ τοὺς εὐγενεῖς. τούτους γὰρ οἱ ἐξ ἀρχῆς ὠνόμασαν τοὺς εὖ γεγονότας πρὸς ἀρετήν, οὐδὲν πολυπραγμονοῦντες ἐκ τίνων εἰσίν· ὕστερον δὲ οἱ ἐκ τῶν πάλαι πλουσίων καὶ τῶν ἐνδόξων ὑπό τινων εὐγενεῖς ἐκλήθησαν. τούτου δὲ σημεῖον σαφέστατον· ἐπὶ γὰρ τῶν ἀλεκτρυόνων καὶ τῶν ἵππων καὶ τῶν κυνῶν διέμεινε τὸ ὄνομα, ὥσπερ καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων εἶχε τὸ παλαιόν. ὁ γὰρ ἵππον θεασάμενος θυμοειδῆ καὶ γαῦρον καὶ πρὸς δρόμον εὖ ἔχοντα, οὐ πυθόμενος εἴτε ἐξ ̓Αρκαδίας ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ ἔτυχεν ὢν εἴτε ἐκ Μηδίας εἴτε Θετταλός, φησὶν εὐγενῆ τὸν ἵππον αὐτὸν κρίνων. so with hounds and cocks. οὐκοῦν δῆλον ὅτι καὶ ἐπ ̓ ἀνθρώπων οὕτως ἔχοι ἄν, ὥστε ὃς ἂν ᾖ πρὸς ἀρετὴν καλῶς γεγονώς, τοῦτον προσήκει γενναῖον λέγεσθαι, κἂν μηδεὶς ἐπίστηται τοὺς γονέας αὐτοῦ μηδὲ τοὺς προγόνους. Ambr. enarr. in ps. 1 § 46 quid gloriaris, quia multa te servitia ambiunt, multi amici tegunt latera tua, plurimi te equi sequuntur, quorum tu enarras prosapiam et tamquam maiorum tuorum genus? praefers divitias, quia conviviis pascis sodales. utinam egenos pasceres! utinam non iocorum ministros, sed votorum adiutores! iactas quia prodeunti ilico ceditur. et homines te tamquam feram declinant aut bestiam. id. de Nabuthe § 54 quid te iactas de nobilitatis prosapia? soletis et canum vestrorum origines sicut divitum recensere: soletis et equorum vestrorum nobilitatem sicut consulum praedicare. ifle ex illo patre generatus est et illa matre editus: ille avo illo gaudet, ille se proavis adtollit. sed nihil istud currentem iuvat; non datur nobilitati palma, sed cursui. deformior est victus in quo et nobilitas generis periclitatur. cave igitur, dives, ne in te erubescant tuorum merita maiorum. ne forte et illis dicatur ‘cur talem instituistis, cur talem elegistis heredem?' non in auratis laquearibus nec in porphyreticis orbibus heredis est meritum. See Hemst. and Gron. on Lucian Nigrin. 29 τὰς ἐν τῇ πόλει ταραχὰς διεξῄει καὶ τὸν ὠθισμὸν αὐτῶν καὶ τὰ θέατρα καὶ τὸν ἱππόδρομον καὶ τὰς τῶν ἡνιόχων εἰκόνας καὶ τὰ τῶν ἵππων ὀνόματα καὶ τοὺς ἐν τοῖς στενωποῖς περὶ τούτων διαλόγους. πολλὴ γὰρ ὡς ἀληθῶς ἡ ἱππομανία καὶ πολλῶν ἤδη σπου δαίων εἶναι δοκούντων ἐπείληπται. Friedländer 112 189-192 and in Marquardt iv 517-8. 63 HIRPINI Mart. 111 63 12 where he is describing a bellus homo, Hirpini veteres qui bene novit avos. lapis ap. Lips. ad Ital. et Hisp. 26 (op. II 572 Vesal.) HIRPINUS N. [EPOS] AQUILONIS VICIT CXXXI SECUNDAS TULIT LVI TERT. TUL. XXXVI. The grandsire Aquilo had won the first prize 130 times, the second 88 times, the third 37 times (ib.). See the names of several horses Orelli inscr. 2593. 4322, 64 IBI in the circus. RESPECTUS Suet. Ner. 20 a Greek proverb occultae musicae nullum esse respectum, i.e. τῆς λανθανούσης μουσικῆς οὐδεὶς λόγος.

65 seq. the horse of highest pedigree is sold for a small sum to draw a cart, if he wins no palms in the course. 66 EPIREDIA schol. ornamenta redarum aut plaustra. Forcell., Gesner, Scheller, Freund understand by the word lorum seu funem et collare, quo equus ad redam alligatur. So Orelli, but Ducange currus. On the form cf. Quintil. 1 5 § 68 iunguntur autem [voces] ...ex duobus peregrinis, ut epiredium. nam cum sit praepositio ἐπὶ Graeca, reda Gallicum, nec Graecus tamen nec Gallus utitur composito. Romani suum ex utroque alieno fecerunt. The word reda (ῥέδα, ῥαιδίον, ῥεδίον) is however found in late Greek apocal. 18 13. Suicer ῥαιδίον. TRITO COLLO Mart. 1x 58 4 ruptae recutita