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SERENUM. SACRIFICE OF A COCK,

285

MoYXα TŴY Oεŵv 8πλα μûðο. Suet. Tib. 69 tonitrua praeter modum expavescebat et turbatiore caelo numquam non coronam lauream capite gestavit, quod fulmine afflari negetur id genus frondis. Tac. I 28-30 an eclipse. XIII 17 on the same night Britannicus was murdered and buried adeo turbidis imbribus, ut vulgus iram deum portendi crediderit. Plut. 11 555b. Serv. Aen. IV 209. Lear I 2 49-58. Hor. c. 1 3 40 iracunda...fulmina. ib. 34 5 sq. III 5 1. 228 SERENO VII 179. Luc. Ix 423 of Libya nostris reficit sua rura serenis. Sen. n. q. 13 § 14. Plin. x § 14. XVIII § 362. Stat. Th. xI 135. VFl. II 403. Obseq. 1=55. Ambr. de Cain I § 21. Claud. IV cons. Hon. 425. bell. Get. 49. Forcellini. cf. sudum. nubilum, esp. abl. to which sereno is often opposed. 229 VIGILI FEBRE VII 42 sollicitas...portas. Ov. m. III 396

curae vigiles. 230 231 MISSUM AD SUA CORPORA MORBUM INFESTO CREDUNT A NUMINE Cels. prooem. p. 1 20 Daremberg we may learn from Homer morbos tum ad iram deorum immortalium relatos esse et ab isdem opem posci solitam. 232 TELA Sen. ben. Iv

19 § 1 deos nemo sanus timet. furor est enim metuere salutaria: nec quisquam amat, quos timet. tu denique, Epicure, deum inermem facis: omnia illi tela, omnem detraxisti potentiam. Tac. XIV 22 fin. Nero swam in the aqua Marcia, and was thought potus sacros et caerimoniam loci corpore loto polluisse. secutaque anceps valetudo iram deum adfirmavit. Suet. Nero 48 in his last flight tremore terrae et fulgure adverso pavefactus. DCass. LVII 14 § 7 A.D. 15 some regarded an inundation of the Tiber as a portent, but § 8 Tiberius appointed commissioners to regulate the flow of water. cf. comm. on Hor. c. II 8 1. Casaubon lect. Theocr. c. 10. PECUDEM Pers. v 167 agnam. 233 LARIBUS PROMITTERE XII 2. 101. Tibull. 1 5 33 nigras GALLI XII 96. Plin. x § 49

XII 113.

pecudes promittite Diti. speaking of the auspices from chickens hi maxime terrarum imperio imperant, extis etiam fibrisque haud aliter quam opimae victimae dis grati. cf. § 156. Cocks were sacrificed to Apollo (anthol. Pal. vi 155 3) and to Asklepios (Artemid. v 9 ηὔξατό τις τῷ ̓Ασκληπιῷ, εἰ διὰ τοῦ ἔτους άνοσος ἔλθοι, θύσειν αὐτῷ ἀλεκτρυόνα. cf. the last words of Sokrates Plato Phaed. 118a where see Wyttenb., Fischer, Gottl. & Kpiтwv, tậ Ασκληπιῷ ὀφείλομεν ἀλεκτρυόνα· ἀλλ ̓ ἀπόδοτε καὶ μὴ ἀμελήσητε. Tert. ad nat. II 2. de an. 1). Arn. vII 8 e.g. quae causa est, ut si ego porcum occidero, deus mutet adfectum animosque et rabiem ponat, si gallinulam, vitulum sub illius oculis atque altaribus concremaro, oblivionem inducat iniuriae? ib. 16. Costly birds were sacrificed to Caligula DCass. LIX 28 § 6. Luc. bis acc. 5 f. 235 contrast VIII 255-8 the Decii acceptable as an atoning sacrifice for whole armies, being of greater value than what they died to save. DL. VI 28 Diogenes was moved to wrath by those who offered sacrifices to recover health, and in the very sacrifice feasted against health.

236-249 The wicked are unstable; bold in the flush of sin, alive to its guilt when it is done; still remorse does not mend inbred habits nor restore a blush to the brazen forehead. No man stops at the first crime: our treacherous friend will be snared and suffer execution or live a convict on some Egean rock swarming with great exiles. You will triumph in your revenge, and confess at last that heaven is neither deaf nor blind.

236 MOBILIS NATURA MALORUM Sen. de otio 1-28 § 2 inter cetera mala illud pessimum est, quod vitia ipsa mutamus...aliud ex alio placet vexat

286

ATTRITA FRONS. BANISHMENT. [XIII 236-249

que nos hoc quoque quod iudicia nostra non tantum prava, sed etiam levia sunt. fluctuamus aliudque ex alio conprehendimus. petita relinquimus, relicta repetimus. § 3 alternae inter cupiditatem nostram et paenitentiam vices sunt. id. ep. 47 § 21 hoc habent inter cetera boni mores, placent sibi, permanent: levis est malitia, saepe mutatur, non in melius, sed in aliud.

237 seq. Quintil. decl. 3 14 esp. pp. 623 624 tu fortasse, cum miserum patrem trucidares, tollentem ad sidera manus risisti. inane hoc supra nos vacuumque cura caelestium putabas: sunt illa vera, quae extremo miseri spiritu dicebantur: 'dabis mihi, scelerate, poenas: persequar quandoque et occurram'...nec tamen illa mihi vana quorumdam esse videtur persuasio, qui credunt non extrinsecus has furias venire, nec ullius deorum impulsu hanc mortalibus incidisse dementiam, sed nasci intus: conscientiam esse, quae torqueat...repetita toties confessio est. ecquid concipitis animis imaginem illam, quae hoc coegit? stabat profecto ante oculos laceratus et adhuc cruentus pater. Plut. II 554 seq. ǹ yàp itaμórns kelvη kai Tò θρασὺ τῆς κακίας ἄχρι τῶν ἀδικημάτων ἰσχυρόν ἐστι καὶ πρόχειρον, εἶτα τοῦ πάθους ὥσπερ πνεύματος ὑπολείποντος, ἀσθενὲς καὶ ταπεινὸν ὑποπίπτει τοῖς poßols Kai Taîs deioidaioviais. Cic. legg. 1 § 40. p. Rosc. Am. §§ 65-67. 237 ADMITTUNT X 340 n. SUPEREST 109. 238 1 166 n. III 50.

CONSTANTIA 77. 239 AD MORES NATURA RECURRIT X 303 n. Hor. s. II 7 74. ep. 1 10 24 25 Obbar naturam expellas furca, tamen usque recurret et mala perrumpet furtim fastidia victrix. Sen. brev. vit. 6 § 3 sed his querellis nec alios mutaverunt nec se ipsos. nam cum verba eruperunt, adfectus ad consuetudinem relabuntur. id. ep. 25 § 3. 2 Pet. 2 22 Grotius. Wetstein. 242 ATTRITA DE FRONTE Cic. Tusc. III § 41 cum os perfricuisti. Calvus to Vatinius in Quintil. Ix 2 § 25 perfrica frontem et dic te digniorem, qui praetor fieres, quam Catonem. Mart. x1 27 7 at cum perfricuit frontem posuitque pudorem. Lucian vit. auct. 10 τὸ ἐρυθριᾶν ἀπόξεσον τοῦ προσώπου παντελώς. Victorius (v. 1. VIII 6) compares Ath. 213 (where Athenio, who of a poor philosopher became tyrant of Athens, having described the successes of Mithradates, τρίψας τὸ μέτωπον, persuaded the Athenians to revolt from Rome) and Strabo 603 speaking of audacious critics of Homer: expîv yàp kal τοῦτο πλάσαι παρατριψαμένους τὸ μέτωπον καὶ μὴ χωλὸν ἐὰν καὶ ἕτοιμον πρὸς ἔλεγχον ἅπαξ ἤδη ἀποτετολμηκότας. FRONTE 11 8. VIII 189. Pers. v 103 104 if a ploughman, ignorant of astronomy, were to seek command of a vessel, exclamet Melicerta perisse | frontem de rebus. Hier. ep. 18-22 (iv 2 p. 41) quae rubore frontis abstrito parasitos vincunt mimorum. RUBOREM XI 54 55.

244 DABIT VESTIGIA cf. dare colla sub iuga. 245 CARCERIS UNCUM X 66 n. Ov. Ibis 164. Burn Rome and Camp. 80. 245-247 CARCERIS UNCUM AUT MARIS AEGAEI RUPEM SCOPULOSQUE FREQUENTES EXULIBUS MAGNIS I 73 n. aude aliquid brevibus Gyaris et carcere dignum. x 16 n. 170 n. Plin. ep. III 9 § 33 Norbanus Licinianus in insulam relegatus est. Philo in Flacc. 21 (1 543 M). legat. 43 (1 595) Gaius (Caligula) sent orders to Andros and elsewhere for the execution of the exiles. Tert. spect. 23 pr. cum igitur humana recordatio etiam obstrepente gratia voluptatis damnandos eos censeat ademptis bonis dignitatum in quendam scopulum famositatis. Fr. Holtzendorff die Deportationsstrafe im röm. Alterthum Leipz. 1859. 248 NOMINIS Bentley on Hor. c. 11 27 34. 249 NEC SURDUN NEC TIRESIAN V 138

V.

2491

NEC SURDUM NEC TIRESIAN.

287

139 nullus...Aeneas nec filia. contrast Sen. Med. 1035 Iason to M. testare nullos esse, qua veheris, deos. Cic. n. d. III § 83 saying of Diogenes: Harpalum, qui temporibus illis praedo felix habebatur, contra deos testimonium dicere, quod in illa fortuna tam diu viveret. Divine judgement on perjury II. T 280. T 260. Eur. Oenom. fr. 581 Nauck ἐγὼ μὲν εὖτ ̓ ἂν τοὺς κακοὺς ὁρῶ βροτῶν | πίπτοντας, είναι φημὶ δαιμό vwv yévos. Xen. Hell. v 4 § 1. Kyrop. v 4 § 31. VIII 7 § 22. Plut. Dion 58 § 2. SURDUM Sen. ben. Iv 4

§ 2 speaking of the universality of prayer: quod profecto non fieret nec in hunc furorem omnes mortales consensissent adloquendi surda numina et inefficaces deos, nisi nossemus illorum beneficia nunc oblata ultro, nunc orantibus data. Zenob. III 49 eis 0eŵv ŵтa îλlev.

TIRESIAN

caecum x 318 n. Apollod. 1 6 7 § 1 Heyne. Ov. m. III 322 Burman. 335-8. blinded by Pallas, whom he had seen in the bath (cf. Aktaeon) Pherekydes fr. 50. Dicaearch. fr. 30. Kallim. lavacr. Pall. 82 Spanheim. Prop. v=IV 9 57 58. N. Schell de Tiresia Graecorum vate Lips. 1851.

ADDENDA.

26 Boissier la relig. des Rom. II 177 comments on the exaggeration here. 38 Calpurn. 1 42-4 aurea secura cum pace renascitur aetas | et redit ad terras tandem squalore situque | alma Themis posito. 46 TURBA DEORUM Cic. legg. II § 19 separatim nemo habessit deos neve novos neve advenas nisi publice adscitos. 65 Schiller Nero 138 n. 6 justly says: we must not underrate the importance of prodigies; how much even enlightened people thought of them appears from Sen. qu. n. 11 49 seq. [various kinds of thunder, some portending death and exile, some a consulate to the holder's harm, an inheritance which will cause more loss than gain cet. cet.] VII 1 and 17.' 78-83 Strabo p 19 fin.

cited on 226. Lasaulx Studien 209. 229.

83 QUIDQUID TELORUM Liv. III 17 § 5 quidquid patrum plebisque est. 25 §8 'et haec' inquit 'sacrata quercus et quidquid deorum est, audiant, foedus a vobis ruptum.'

98 ARCHIGENE on the è Lachmann Lucr. 1 739. Bentley Hor. c. III 100 Hom. Il. Iv 160-2. Wyttenb. on 102 SED ET XII 41.

12 8.

Plut. II 549. Grang. here.

glossary to Beda h. e. III IV (Cambr. 1878). EXORABILE Prop. = 30 11 et iam si pecces, deus exorabilis illest. 105 x 177 n. Lact. 11 4 §§ 20 21. Hen. riot moeurs juridiques. . de l'anc. Rome d'après les poëtes lat. Par. 1865 III 44 45.

119 147 n.

121 CYNICOS See DL. VI §§ 30 31 the wise discipline enforced by Diogenes on his pupils. 136-139 cf. the complaint of Polyb. vi 56 § 13 after saying that the modern disbelief in the gods and ὑπὲρ τῶν ἐν ᾅδου is irrational and dangerous τοιγαροῦν, χωρὶς τῶν ἄλλων, οἱ τὰ κοινὰ χειρίζοντες παρὰ μὲν τοῖς Ἕλλησιν, ἐὰν ταλάν του μόνον πιστευθώσιν, ἀντιγραφεῖς ἔχοντες δέκα καὶ σφραγίδας τοι αὐτας καὶ μάρτυρας διπλασίους οὐ δύνανται τηρεῖν τὴν πίστιν. among the Romans an oath is still sacred.

145 INCENDIA SULPURE COEPTA Sen. n. q. 1 1 §8 apud nos quoque ramenta sulpure adspersa ignem ex intervallo trahunt. 148 XII 47 n. 180 AT VINDICTA BONUM VITA IUCUNDIUS Attila in Iordan. 39 quid viro forti suavius, quam vindictam manu quaerere? magnum munus a natura animum ultione satiare.

XIV

IF our sons, Fuscinus, grow in vice as they grow in years, the fault is too often to be charged on a father's example (1-106). True as this is universally, it is most true of avarice; this vice alone is inculcated as a virtue: yet, if parents would but suffer things to take their course, this also would soon spring up of itself, and alarm by its growth those who now blindly and suicidally foster it (107-331).

Cf. Sen. de ira II 21 § 9 pertinebit ad rem, praeceptores paedagogosque pueris placidos dari. proximis adplicatur omne quod tenerum est et in eorum similitudinem crescit. nutricum et paedagogorum rettulere mox in adulescentiam mores. § 10 apud Platonem educatus puer cum ad parentes relatus vociferantem videret patrem, 'numquam' inquit 'hoc apud Platonem vidi.' non dubito quin citius patrem imitatus sit quam Platonem. § 11 tenuis ante omnia victus et non pretiosa vestis et similis cultus cum aequalibus: non irascetur aliquem sibi conparari quem ab initio multis parem feceris. ib. 18 § 2 educatio maximam diligentiam plurimumque profuturam desiderat. facile est enim teneros adhuc animos componere, difficulter reciduntur vitia, quae nobiscum creverunt. Quintil. 1 2 § 6 utinam liberorum nostrorum mores non ipsi perderemus! infantiam statim deliciis solvimus. mollis illa educatio, quam indulgentiam vocamus, nervos omnes mentis et corporis frangit. quid non adultus concupiscet, qui in purpuris repit? nondum prima verba exprimit, iam coccum intellegit, iam conchylium poscit. § 7 ante palatum eorum quam os instituimus. in lecticis crescunt: si terram attigerunt, e manibus utrimque sustinentium`pendent. gaudemus, si quid licentius dixerint : verba ne Alexandrinis quidem permittenda deliciis risu et osculo excipimus. nec mirum: nos docuimus, ex nobis audierunt. § 8 nostras amicas, nostros concubinos vident, omne convivium obscenis canticis strepit, pudenda dictu spectantur. fit ex his consuetudo, inde natura. discunt haec miseri antequam sciant vitia esse: inde soluti ac fluentes non accipiunt e scholis mala ista, sed in scholas adferunt. Plut. pueror. educ. 20 πρὸ πάντων γὰρ δεῖ τοὺς πατέρας τῷ μηδὲν ἁμαρτάνειν, ἀλλὰ πάντα, ἃ δεῖ, πράττειν, ἐναργὲς ἑαυτοὺς παράδειγμα τοῖς τέκνοις παρέχειν, ἵνα πρὸς τὸν τούτων βίον ὥσπερ κάτοπτρον ἀποβλέποντες ἀποτρέπωνται τῶν αἰσχρῶν ἔργων καὶ λόγων. ὡς οἵτινες, τοῖς ἁμαρτάνουσιν υἱοῖς ἐπιτιμώντες, τοῖς αὐτοῖς ἁμαρτήμασι περιπίπτουσιν, ἐπὶ τῷ ἐκείνων ὀνόματι λανθάνουσιν ἑαυτῶν κατήγοροι γιγνόμενοι. οἱ δ ̓ ὅλως φαύλως ζῶντες οὐδὲ τοῖς δούλοις παρρησία»

XIV 1-81

ALEA. FRITILLUS.

289

ἄγουσιν ἐπιτιμᾶν, μήτοι γε δὴ τοῖς υἱοῖς. χωρὶς δὲ τούτων γένοιντο ἂν αὐτοῖς τῶν ἀδικημάτων σύμβουλοι καὶ διδάσκαλοι.

1-85 Children learn vice from their parents: the children of the gambler (4-5) the epicure (7-14) the cruel master (15-24) or the false wife (25-30) will with rare exceptions (31-37) follow in their parents' steps. If nothing else can deter men from vice, yet reverence for the young should (38-49): if a son errs, his father corrects his fault; yet with what face can he do so, while he himself is worse of the two (48-58)? Our houses are swept and put in trim when a guest is looked for; we are content that our sons see them stained with vice (59-69). All depends on early training; the stork, vulture, eagle, when full fledged, seek no other prey than such as they first fed on in the nest (70-85). 1 PLURIMA SUNT.. QUAE V 130. 2 FIGENTIA So, of

FUSCINE unknown.

& permanent dye or 'tan' Pers. Iv 33 figas in cute solem. Petron. 102 nec vestem atramento adhaesuram, quod frequenter etiam non arcessito ferrumine infigitur. 3 MONSTRANT shew in example. TRADUNT 'teach' (cf, accipio 'I learn') Sen. ep. 40 § 3 praecepta. anthol. Lat. 159 R discipulum medicus quidam suscepit adultum, [traderet ut iuveni dogma salutiferum.

4 DAMNOSA ALEA Ov. a. a. II 206 Heins damnosi facito stent tibi saepe canes. Mart. xiv 18 alea parva nuces et non damnosa videtur: | saepe tamen pueris abstulit illa nates. id. v 84 1-5. cf Pers. v 57 hunc alea decoquit. anthol. Lat. 193 11 pascitur a multis avide damnosa voluptas. SENEM Cic. Cato mai. § 58 nobis senibus ex lusionibus multis talos relinquant et tesseras. Suet. Aug. 71 inter cenam lusimus yepovтIKŵs. ib. 70. 72. Eurip. Med. 68. Ladies also used to give much time to such amusements Plin ep vII 24 § 5 solere se ut feminam in illo otio sexus laxare animum lusu calculorum. ALEA XI 176 n. 5 BULLATUS Vv 164 n. XIII

тапи.

33 n. bullatus aleator like 1 78 praetextatus adulter. ARMA 1 91 92 proelia.. armigero. Amm. XIV 6 § 25 of the poor pugnaciter aleis certant. Ov. tr. Iv 1 32 nec nisi lu sura movimus arma FRITILLO Mart. v 84 3. Marquardt v (2) 427. Porphyr, on Hor. s. II 7 17 makes the fritillus the same as the phimus or pyrgus: so Becker Gallus III 254: schol. h. 1. distinguishes the phimus from the pyrgus, and is doubtful with which to identify the fritillus 'FRITILLO, pyxide cornea, qui puòs dicitur Graece: fritinnire aves dicuntur [id est] strepere aut sonare: apud antiquos nam in cornu mittebant tesseras moventesque fundebant: aut fritillum pyrgum dixit.' The pyrgus (anthol. Lat. 193 R. Sid. ep. VIII 12 tessera frequens eboratis pyrgorum resultatura gradibus) and turricula (Mart. xiv 16) had indentations on the inside; whether the fritillus had, does not appear from the quotations in Salmas. ad Vopisc. Proc. p. 754 seq.: it is certain that the fritillus was used for shaking and throwing the dice Mart. XIV 1 3. IV 14 8. Sen. apocol. 14 fin. placuit novam poenam excogitari debere.... Aeacus iubet illum alea ludere pertuso fritillo 15 quotiens missurus erat resonante fritillo, | utraque subducto fugiebat tessera fundo. ib. 12 fin. qui concusso | magna parastis lucra fritillo.

6 MELIUS better than the heres ver. 4.

7 QUI RADERE cet. who has learnt from his father to peel truffles etc. Gourmands could not trust the cook to prepare the choicer dishes Hor. s. II 4. TUBERA V 116 n. Recipes for tubera in Apic. vII 319-324. 319 begins tubera radis. 8 BOLETUM

IUV. II.

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