Catiline Performs Prodigies of Valor.

Interea Catilina cum expeditis in primā aciē vorsārī, laborantibus succurrere, integrōs prō sauciis arcessere, omnia prōvidere, multum ipse pūgnāre, saepe hostem ferire ; strēnui militis et boni imperātōris officia simul exsequēbātur. 5 Petrēius ubi videt Catilinam, contrā ac ratus erat, māgnā vi tendere, cohortem praetōriam in mediōs hostis inducit eosque perturbātōs atque alios alibi resistentis interficit; deinde utrimque ex lateribus ceteros adgreditur. Manlius et Faesulānus in primis pūgnantēs cadunt. Catilina post

10 quam fūsās cōpiās sēque cum paucis relictum videt, memor generis atque pristinae suae dignitātis, in cōnfertissumōs hostis incurrit ibique pūgnāns confoditur.

His Forces Fight to the Death. None are Captured.

LXI. Sed confectō proeliō tum vērō cernerēs quanta audacia quantaque animi vis fuisset in exercitu Catilinae 15 Nam fere quem quisque vivos pūgnandō locum ceperat, eum āmissā animā corpore tegēbat. Pauci autem, quōs mediōs cohors praetoria disiēcerat, paulō dīvorsius, sed omnes tamen advorsis volneribus conciderant. Catilina vērō longē ā suis inter hostium cadavera repertus est, paululum etiam spīrāns 20 ferociamque animi quam habuerat vivos in voltū retinēns. Postrēmō ex omni cōpia neque in proelio neque in fugā quisquam civis ingenuus captus est; ita cuncti suae hostiumque vitae iuxtā pepercerant.

But the Victory Costs the Romans dear.

Neque tamen exercitus populi Rōmāni laetam aut incru25 entam victōriam adeptus erat; nam strēnuissumus quisque aut occiderat in proeliō, aut graviter volnerātus discesserat.

Multi autem, qui è castris visundi aut spoliandi grātiā prōcesserant, volventēs hostilia cadāvera, amicum alii, pars hospitem aut cognatum reperiebant; fuêre item qui inimicōs suōs cōgnoscerent. Ita variē per omnem exercitum laetitia, maeror, luctus atque gaudia agitābantur.

5

NOTES

INTRODUCTORY NOTE. Sallust was a partisan of an older style of writing in opposition to some literary tendencies of his time. This he shows (a) in using obsolete or obsolescent words, forms, and phrases, e.g.

(6) in affected ruggedness and brevity; (c) in forced figures of speech, asyndeton, ellipsis, zeugma, litotes, and metaphors; (d) in imitations of Greek constructions; (e) in poetical expressions; (f) in sudden and unexpected changes in balanced phrases; (g) in old forms of spelling. Most of these forms of spelling have been preserved in this edition: e.g. the ending -umus for -imus in superlatives and ordinals; -undus for-endus; vivos for vivus and the like; vorto for verto, etc.

N.B. References to the text are made by pages and lines.

The grammars cited are those of Allen and Greenough (§), Bennett (B.), Gildersleeve (G.), Harkness (H.), and Hale and Buck (H-B.). References in parentheses are to the old editions.

PAGE 1. LINE 1. CHAP. I. omnis homines, etc.: the first two chapters are a general discussion of the comparative value of force and intelligence. It was the custom of ancient rhetoricians to preface and to adorn their works by such discussions. These, from their being so general as to fit in with many subjects, were called loci communes, from the translation of which comes our phrase "common place.” — homines: accusative, object of decet; § 388. c (237. e); B. 175. 2. c; H-B. 390. a, but at the same time serving as subject of niti; cf. § 454, 455. 2 (270. b and 272. a. 1. 2); B. 330; G. 535; H. 615 (538); H-B. 585 and a. - sese: subject of praestare, disappearing in translation; § 563. b. 1 (271. a. N.1); B. 331. iv. a; G. 532.2; H. 614 (535. ii); H-B. 586 and b. — praestare : infinitive with accusative instead of a subjunctive clause; § 563. b (331. b and N.); cf. also § 457 (271. a); B. 296. 1, 331. iv. and b;

G. 532. N.; H. 607. 1 (533. i. 1); H-B. 586 and e. This construction is rather archaic, but not very uncommon. - ceteris, other; in English no word is necessary to show that all are included.

12 animalibus, creatures, including man: dative after praestare; § 370 (228); B. 187. iii; G. 347; H. 420 (386); H-B. 376. — ope: abl. of manner; § 412 (248); B. 220. 1; G. 399; H. 473. 3 (419. iii); H-B. 445. I. -niti: properly complementary infinitive after decet, but the whole phrase homines niti serves as a kind of subject of decet. It is by such combinations that the infinitive from being an adverbial form has grown to have a subject accusative and to be used itself as a subject of some other verb; see references on homines, l. 1. —

ne, so as not to. - silentio: abl. of manner; § 412. b (248. R.); G. 399. N.1; H. 474. I (419. iii. N.2); H-B. 422. ii. 1.— transeant: purpose-clause with ne; § 531 (317); B. 282; G. 545. 3; H. 568 (497. ii); H-B. 502. 2.

-

13 veluti, like. — pecora, brutes, excluding man (cf. animalibus). - prona: predicate adjective; § 393. N. (239. I. a. N.1); B. 177. 2; G. 340; H. 410. 3 (373. I. N.2); H-B. 392 and a. ventri dat. after oboedientia; § 367 (227); cf. 370 (228); B. 187. ii. a; G. 346; H. 426 (385. i); H-B. 362. — oboedientia: participle as predicate adjective; § 495 (291. b); B. 337. 2; G. 251. N.1; H-B. 320. iii.

14 nostra, our (of men, as opposed to the brute beasts): notice the emphasis of position; § 598. a. 1 (344. a. 1); B. 349; G. 672. 2. (a) 1; H. 665. 1 (561. i); H-B. 624. 1, 625. i.

15 animi: opposed to corporis; § 598. a. 2 (344. a. 2); B. 349; G. 672. 2. (a) 1; H. 665. 3 (561. i); H-B. 624. 1, 625. The learner should accustom himself to notice carefully the force of position. It is a constant indication of the drift of the thought. Keeping it in mind tends to discourage the mere translation of words without any idea of their real meaning. — utimur, etc.: the idea is: "we use our minds to control and our bodies to serve."

...

16 alterum ... alterum: the first refers to animi imperio, the second to corporis servitio. — nobis . . . est, we have in common with, For construction of nobis, see § 384 (234. a); B. 192. 1; G. 359; H. 434. 2 (391. i); H-B. 362. — beluis: this word, like pecora above, refers to brutes, excluding man.

etc.

17 quo, wherefore; but see § 414. N. (250. N.); cf. H-B. 424. a. — rectius, better (morally). — ingeni: avoid trying to connect this genitive with anything that precedes. Inasmuch as videtur naturally looks forward to a subject infinitive [§ 454 (270. b); B. 327. 1; G. 422; H. 615. 1 (538. 1); H-B. 585], it is safe to suppose that the genitive