PART II.

NOTES ON NO. III.

139

(or

§ 12. II. 4.-, masc. pl. Act. Part. from N, §35. But Schaaf (Op. Aram. p. 333,) points it regularly, -;, § 12. I. 1. c.— 2, 1st Part. Aph. from -, suffix pleonastic, § 47. 2.TET, these to those i.e. one to another.-N, "Pravè ut puto," says Buxtorf, Lex. art. N. But whether the reading & NE) be admitted or not, the meaning is still doubtful. Buxtorf renders it a trampling under foot, conculcatio. Castell gives incolumitas, (probably deriving it from N in the Rabbinical sense, to be quiet, at peace ;) which the connection seems to favour.-ii, suff. pleon. § 47. 2.—" And it shall come to pass, when the descendants of the woman shall diligently study the law and do the commandments, they shall be established, bruising thy head and killing thee; but when the posterity of the woman shall desert the precepts of the law and not obey the commandments, thou shalt be established, biting them in their heels and afflicting them with sickness. Nevertheless, there shall be a remedy for the sons of the woman; but for thee, O serpent, there shall be no remedy. Moreover they shall apply remedies to the heels of one another in the end of the last days, in the days of king Messiah."

(18), i. e. Ny, the earth shall bring forth abundantly.—

, which is upon the surface of the field, i. e. the grass.-, Part. used for the Praeter. Adam answered, § 53. 1. note.-2, see the notes on vs. 7 and 9 of this chapter.- 72, Let us not be regarded as though we were of the cattle, i. e. cattle. Comp. the French des bêtes, etc.-, for N §23. 1. note.

(22)

adds nothing to the sense.-72, see NN in Lex., evidently an Infinitive form. Perhaps it should be pointed 2, § 12. I. 4.— DP, before he shall, etc., or while he does

not, etc.

(24) The glory of his presence, i. e. his glorious presence.—

sense.

, these two expressions are doubtless synonymous, the second being explanatory of the first, which sometimes has a different On the east, towards the sun-rising. This I think is better in the present instance than to consider as relating to time; although it is evident, from other places, that both the author of this Targum and the Pseudo-Jonathan supposed the garden of Eden to have been planted before the creation of the world. See the next verse. Also Gen. 2: 15. Jeru. T. Gen. 2: 8. Pseudo-Jon.-17

two thousand years before the world was created, he made the law, etc. See above (22).-17, because they kept.-, 1st Part. Pa. fem. sing. from N27. 12. I. 3.—, plural, contracted for 2 772 2, lit. a sword, destroying from both sides,

i. e. a two-edged sword.-72, 1st Part. Pa. from (Part. from N) the world which is coming, or, as we more commonly say, the world to come.-, § 47. 1. the tree of life is, i. e. represents the law.", a form of the Praeter (§ 23. 2. note,) here used in the sense of a present tense, or as expressing a general affirmation.-R, §4. a. This double originated with an unpointed text, and should not

י

לְפָלְחָהּ for לְפַלְחָה .have been retained when the points were affixed

see above (7), to him who obeys it.

No. IV. GEN. 4: 8. JERUSALEM TARGUM.

72, Inf. for Fut. "no reward shall be given to the righteous nor vengeance taken of the wicked. neither in mercy is it governed. you with favor, but [mine] was not accepted from me with favour? Abel answered and said to Cain; There is a judgment, and there is a Judge, and there is a future world, and a reward shall be bestowed upon the righteous [lit. there is the giving of a good reward to the righteous,] and vengeance shall be taken upon the wicked; and the world was created in mercy, and in mercy it is governed. But it is governed according to the fruit of good works. Because my works were more upright than yours, my offering was accepted with favor, but yours was not accepted with favor. And they were both contending in the open field; and Cain rose up against Abel his brother, and killed him."

The world was not created in mercy,
Why was your offering accepted from

No. V. JUDG. 14. JONATHAN.

(1), seen in Lex.

(2) pro, § 12. I. 1. and II. 1.—19, Imp. from 3, § 12. II. 1. a. -AN, See NON.

(3), 3 sing. fem. from 3, § 15. note 2.

(5) ing, 3 m. pl. Pr. from

pointing, which analogy demands.

-2, Buxtorf gives the

-pi, Aphel from 2-, is it to try (perplex) us?

For the ending see § 16. 2. c. and for the prefix, § 12. I. 4.

PART II.

NOTES ON NOS. V. VI. VII. VIII.

(16), while, etc.

(17) mapï7, 3. sing. fem. Praet., with suffix, from p.

, עֲלַל Inf. from מֵעַל-.in Lex קְרִי see, קַרְתָּא (18)

141

(19), contrary to the analogy of Chaldee, but according to that of Hebrew.

(20), to the person who was his companion.

No. VI. Ps. 2. AUTHOR OF THE TARGUM NOT CERTAINLY KNOWN.

p. See the Par.-, Inf. Pa.

(2) 127, 1st Part. plur. from
, Inf. Pe. from NY, 18. note 1.

(4), by ellipsis of the pers. pron., he who sitteth.

(7), Vocative; O thou beloved, etc., emph. masc.

Tu mihi purus es." Buxtorf.

(9) 72, see JN in the vocabulary.

(11) Imp. Pa. 2. pl. from .

(12) inn, "et amittatis viam," Walton.

But the

words are certainly susceptible of the sense expressed in Hebrew. Buxtorf, (Lex. under the word ), cites several examples in which evidently the intransitive sense to perish.-in, Fut. from , suffix pleonastic, § 47. 2. Comp. Heb..

has

No. VII. PSALM 8.

Title. 77, auctoris, as in Hebrew. The mode of writing this name with ", which belongs in Hebrew to the later writings, is in Chaldee the usual orthography.

(2), for the ordinary form, $2.6. c.

(3) TP, Part. Aph. from pay, enemies.

(4), probably this rendering originated in the false supposition that the Hebrew" is necessarily a causal conjunction. It should evidently be considered here as an adverb of time, when. (8) in, const. for emph. § 60. 1. note 3.

No. VIII. ISA. 5: 1-7. JONATHAN.

Instead of the fine poetical allegory of Isaiah, we are here presented with an interpretation. The Targumist has not simply translated the words of the prophet into Chaldee, as he has generally done, but has translated the allegory into plain language. Still, the extract is curious,

and worthy of a perusal. As it differs so considerably from the original, I subjoin the Latin translation of the London Polyglott.

"Dixit propheta: Cantabo nunc Israeli, qui comparatus est vineae, semini Abrahae dilecti mei, canticum dilecti mei, vineae suae. Populus meus, dilectus meus Israel dedi eis haereditatem in monte excelso, in terra pingui. 2. Et sanctificavi eos, et honorificavi eos, et sustentavi eos, sicut plantationem vitis electae; et aedificavi sanctuarium meum in medio eorum. Altare quoque meum dedi ad propitiandum super peccata eorum: et præcepi eis ut facerent opera bona in conspectu meo, et ipsi iniquè egerunt in operibus suis. 3. Propheta, dic eis: Ecce domus Israel recesserunt à lege et nolunt converti. Nunc habitatores Hierusalem et viri Juda, judicate nunc judicium inter me et populum meum. 4. Quod bonum dixi ut facerem populo meo quod non fecerim eis? et cum praeciperem eis ut facerent opera bona, quare fecerunt opera mala? 5. Nunc autem annunciabo vobis quod ego facturus sum populo meo. Tollam majestatem meam ab eis, et erunt in direptionem: conteram domum sanctuarii eorum, et erunt in conculcationem. 6. Et ponam eos derelictos: non erit eis sustentaculum nec fulcimentum ; et erunt transmigrantes et derelicti. Prophetis quoque mandabo, ne prophetizent super eos prophetiam. 7. Quia populus Domini exercituum Israel est, et viri Juda plantatio laetitiae ejus. Et dixi ut facerent judicium et ecce facti sunt calumniatores; dixi ut facerent justitiam, et ecce ipsi multiplicant peccata."

ע, רָחֲמִי-.547.2 ,pleonastic sufixes ,זַרְעֵיה and אֲשַׁבְּחֵיה (1)

beloved, 1st Part. from

(3), contracted form of the act. part. m. pl. from N, § 35.—

. תּוּב Inf. from , מֵתָב

(5) 122 Inf. from 11. See the Par. It is treated as a noun, plunder, and the corresponding word in the parallel passage, 7, is a noun. (6), Pass. Part. Palpel from by.

(7) 7402, Aph. 1st Part. plur. from ‡D, § 35.

No. IX. ISA. 52: 13.-53: 2. JONATHAN.

(13) NT, see in the vocabulary.

(15), they have told, for has been told, or rather, in the present instance, had been told, §56. 2. b.— 1, what had not been told them they have seen, etc. The Latin Vulgate and Syriac versions agree with our Targumist in rendering these verbs in past time, they have seen, they have considered; the LXX and the Arabic version give

PART II.

NOTES ON NOS. IX. X.

143

the Future tense, as does our common English translation. The Hebrew verbs are both in the Praeter tense.

(1)7727, see 722-p, lit. and the strength of the arm of Jehovah's power. Comp. § 61. 1. and note 1.

(2) N77, § 23. Note 2.-, § 33. b.—, in the land which was in need of him, i. e. of the p mentioned above, the Messiah. But the passage is quite obscure, and the more so as there is nothing in the original corresponding to this phrase.-, so that every one who sees him shall attentively consider him.

In the remainder of this chapter, so beautiful in the original, we are presented by the Targumist rather with his own views than with a translation of Isaiah, and those too, expressed, for the most part, in a dull and sometimes quite obscure manner.

No. X. PROV. 10: 1—12. TRANSLATOR UNCERTAIN.

Title. in, pleonastic suffix, § 47. 2.

-

(1)", instead of ", Fut. Aph. from 7, § 12. I. 3.——N‡➡Q for N, 32. note 2.

(2), Part. Pa. from ni, Buxtorf points the construct form of this word regularly gin.—NI¬w¶7, § 60. 1. note 2. -, Part. Pa. fem. sing. from 7, §2. 7. c.

(3), Fut. Pe. 3d p. sing. § 12. I. 3.

(4) N, Part. Pa. without Dagesh forte, $2. 7. c.

(5), Part. with full orth. § 12. I. He who cultivates, viz. the

earth.

(6) 11, § 23. note., § 60. 1. note 3.

(8), § 63. 5.—, plur. from E, $39. note 1. (9) 3172, for by, Fut. of IN,