Principles of microbe and cell cultivation

aerobic agar amino acids amount anaerobic Aspergillus nidulans bacteria biomass biomass concentration carbon and energy carbon dioxide carbon source cell chemostat culture colony concentration of growth-limiting constant critical dilution rate decrease diffusion dissolved oxygen tension dx/dt effect electrode energy source enzyme Escherichia coli ethanol fed batch fed batch culture fermenter film g dry given glucose growth yield growth-limiting substrate hence hydrogen increase inhibition inhibitor inhibitory product inoculum Klebsiella Klebsiella aerogenes limiting substrate liquid maintenance energy medium membrane metal ion method microbial mmHg mycelium nutrient obtain organisms output rate oxidation oxygen solution rate parameters pellet penicillin pH value Pirt plug-flow culture product formation protein protists Section shown in Fig simple batch culture sodium sodium chloride specific growth rate spores steady substitute substrate concentration synthesis temperature tion trace elements uptake viable vitamins water activity yeast zero