B.C. 56. Pro P. SESTIO: Defence of Sestius, a partisan of Cicero, on a charge of assault, the attack having been made on Sestius by the dependants and partisans of Clodius. In P. VATINIUM ("Interrogatio "): A personal attack on Vatinius, one of the witnesses against Sestius. Pro M. CAELIO: Defence of the character of Cælius (a dissolute young friend of Cicero) against a vindictive charge of stealing and poisoning, brought by Atratinus, at the instigation. of Clodia. De PROVINCIIS CONSULARIBUS: Advocating the recall of Piso and Gabinius, and the retaining of Cæsar in the proconsulate of Gaul. Pro CORNELIO BALBO: Defence of Balbus (a citizen of Gades) in his right of Roman citizenship, granted by Pompey. B.C. 55. In L. CALPURNIUM PISONEM: Retaliation for an attack made by Piso after his return from the proconsulate of Macedonia. B.C. 54. Pro CN. PLANCIO : Defence of Plancius on the charge of corrupt political bargaining, brought by M. Junius Laterensis, the defeated candidate for ædile. Pro C. RABIRIO POSTUMO: Defence of Rabirius, in a prosecution to recover money alleged to have been received from Ptolemy, King of Egypt, in corrupt partnership with Gabinius. B.C. 52. Pro T. ANNIO MILONE: Defence of Milo on the charge of the murder of Clodius. B.C. 46. Pro M. MARCELLO: Speech of thanks to Cæsar for the pardon of Marcellus. Pro Q. LIGARIO: Petition of pardon for Ligarius, charged with conducting the war in Africa against Cæsar. B.C. 45. Pro REGE DEIOTARO: Defence of Deiotarus, King of Galatia, charged with attempting the murder of Cæsar. B.C. 44-43. In M. ANTONIUM: Orationes Philippicae XIV. — B.C. 44. (1) (Sept. 2) Reply to an invective of Antony: exhortation to the consuls Antony and Dolabella; (2) Reply to a bitterer invective a review of Antony's public and private life; (3) (Dec. 20) Urging the support of Octavianus (Augustus) and D. Brutus against Antony, now in Hither Gaul; (4) (Dec. 20) Exposition to the people of the acts of the Senate, and praise of D. Brutus, B.C. 43; (5) (Jan. 1) Protest against treating with Antony: he should be declared a public enemy; (6) (Jan. 4) Appeal to the people: the embassy to Antony would be in vain; (7) (end of January) Protest against those who clamored for peace: Antony must not be suffered to escape; (8) (February) The war against Antony is justum bellum: his partisans should be required to submit before the 1st of March; (9) (February) Eulogy of Sulpicius, who had died while on the mission to Antony ; (10) (February) Thanks to Pansa, and praise of M. Brutus; (11) (about March) That Asia should be assigned to Cassius, to conduct the war against Trebonius; (12) (about March) Declining to serve, with P. Servilius, on an embassy to Antony; (13) (March 20) There can be no peace with Antony: praise of Sex. Pompey; (14) (April 22) Thanksgiving proposed, and honors to the dead, after the defeat of Antony at Bononia. The titles of Cicero's other writings (exclusive of some fragments and lost works) are as follows : B.C. (?) PHAENOMENA. (Translation from Aratus, in verse.) 84. DE INVEntione Rhetorica, 2 Books.1 1 The Rhetorica ad C. Herennium (in four Books), once ascribed to Cicero, is certainly not from his hand. 55. DE ORATORE, 3 Books. 54-52. DE RE PUBLICA. 52 (and later). DE LEGIBUS. 46. DE CLARIS ORATORIBUS (Brutus). 46. PARADOXA. (A treatment of six Stoic paradoxes in the manner 46. of that school.) ORATOR. 46 (or 45). DE PARTITIONE ORATORIA. 45. DE FINIBUS BONORUM ET MALORUM, 5 Books. (On the ultimate foundations of ethics.) 45. ACADEMICA, 2 Books. (Defence of the philosophy of the New Academy.) 45-44. TUSCULANAE QUAESTIONES, 5 Books. (Incidental questions concerning ethics.) B.C. 45 (or 44). TIMAEUS. (Free translation from Plato.) DE NATURA DEORUM, 3 Books. 45-44. 45 (or 44). De Senectute (Cato Major). 44. 44. 44. 44. 44. DE DIVINATIONE, 2 Books. DE FATO. TOPICA. DE AMICITIA (Laelius). DE OFFICIIS, 3 Books. (A treatise on practical ethics.) 44 (?). DE OPTIMO GENERE ORATORUM. (On the Attic and the Asiatic style.) 62-43. EPISTOLAE AD FAMILIARES (Ad Diversos), 16 Books. 60-54. 68-43. 66 AD QUINTUM FRATREM, 3 Books. 66 AD ATTICUM, 16 Boɔks. B.C. 106. 102. CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. Birth of Cicero (Jan. 3). Birth of Pompey (Sept. 30). Birth of Quintus Cicero. at Aquæ Sextiæ. The Teutones defeated by Marius ΙΟΙ. The Cimbri defeated by Marius at Vercellæ. 100 (perhaps 102). Birth of Cæsar (July 12). 99. Death of Saturninus and Glaucia. 91. 90. 89. 88. Murder of M. Livius Drusus. Social (or Marsic) War begins. Cicero serves under Cn. Pompeius Strabo in the Social War. Marius returns to Rome. Marius consul for the seventh time. Death of Marius. Rome 87. Massacre of the senatorial party. 86. in the hands of Cinna. Sulla ends the First Mithridatic War. Murder of Cinna. 84. 83. 82. Sulla returns to Italy. Second Mithridatic War (ends 82). B.C. 81. Reforms of Sulla: the courts reorganized, etc. Cicero's De fence of P. Quinctius (his first extant oration). 80. Sulla's constitution goes into effect. The courts re-opened. Cicero's Defence of Roscius of Ameria. his first triumph. Pompey celebrates 79. Sulla resigns the dictatorship. Cicero goes to Greece. 78. Cicero in Athens and Asia. Lepidus and Catulus. 77. Cicero returns from Greece. earlier). 76. War with Sertorius (ends 72). 75. Cicero quæstor in Sicily. Death of Sulla. Civil War of 74. Third Mithridatic War begins. 73. 72. He marries Terentia (perhaps Lucullus goes to the East. Cicero returns from Sicily to Rome. War with Spartacus (ends with the death of Spartacus, 71). End of the Sertorian War in Spain (Pompey defeats 70. First consulship of Pompey and Crassus. ment of Verres. Cicero's Impeach Courts restored to the equites. Tribuni cian power re-established. 69. Cicero curule ædile. Lucullus defeats Tigranes at Tigranocerta. 68. Successes of Mithridates against the lieutenants of Lucullus. 67. Glabrio appointed to supersede Lucullus. Gabinian Law. Pompey takes command against the Pirates. 66. Cicero prætor. His Defence of Cluentius. The Piratic War successfully ended by Pompey. Manilian Law (advocated by Cicero). Pompey takes command against Mithridates. First Conspiracy of Cati 65. Birth of Cicero's only son, Marcus. line. 63. Cicero and C. Antonius consuls. Second Conspiracy of Cati line suppressed. Four Orations against Catiline. Birth of Augustus (Sept. 23). 62. Return of Pompey from the East. Cicero's Defence of Archias. 61. Trial of Clodius for violating the mysteries. Cicero's strife with him in the Senate. B.C. 60. The First Triumvirate (coalition of Cæsar, Pompey, and exile. Beginning of Cæsar's conquest of Gaul (finished in 51). 57. Cicero recalled from exile (law passed Aug. 4). 56. Cicero's Defence of Sestius. 55. Second consulship of Pompey and Crassus. Cæsar's command in Gaul renewed. His first invasion of Britain. 54. Cæsar's second invasion of Britain. 53. Cicero made augur. Crassus and his army destroyed by the 52. Clodius killed (Jan. 20). Burning of the Senate-house. Pompey elected consul without colleague (Feb. 25). Cicero's Defence of Milo. 51. Cicero proconsul in Cilicia. His successful campaign against the mountaineers. 50. Cicero returns to Italy. 49. Cæsar crosses the Rubicon. Beginning of the Great Civil War (ends 46). Cicero's efforts for peace. Pompey retires to Epirus, where Cicero joins him. Cæsar acquires Spain. Cæsar dictator. 48. Battle of Pharsalia. Death of Pompey. Cæsar in Africa (Alexandrine War). Cæsar re-appointed dictator. 47. Cæsar returns to Rome. He pardons Cicero. He sails for Africa against the Pompeians. 46. Battle of Thapsus. Cato kills himself at Utica. Cæsar returns to Rome, undisputed master of the Empire. He is made dictator for ten years. His reform of the calendar. Revolt of the sons of Pompey in Spain. Cicero divorces Terentia and marries Publilia. cellus; for Ligarius. 45. Cæsar defeats the sons of Pompey of Cicero's daughter, Tullia. Cicero's Oration for Mar (Battle of Munda). Death Tusculan Questions, etc. |