bishop ought to utter. But we demur extremely to more churches, until better existing means are provided for what are built. We look on endowment of existing churches as the readiest source to more; but this failing, ministers will not be prepared to encumber themselves with fresh difficulties in addition to the present. We regret to find that this subject weighs less on the mind of the bishop than the erection of new churches.

The Development system receives some severe blows from the caustic pen of the bishop. He proves it to militate against the Church of Rome still more than against the Anglican Church, and moots a singular point on this matter by viewing this as an attempt on the part of Rome to get rid of that inconvenient tightness with which the Council of Trent has manacled her. It is very remarkable, that this system and the Rationalistic of Germany work pari passu, and we believe the issue of both to be in the foulest infidelity. In fact, can there be greater nonsense enunciated, than for a man to affirm that the life of the Christ, as given by evangelists and apostles, has not been understood during entire centuries of the Church? Can points have escaped all persons save the Development interpreters? Is plenary inspiration equal to Development inspiration? Nothing can exceed the stupidity of the system when tried by the smallest portion of common sense, since it is a fact as old as the hills, that the Scripture has peculiar influences over certain times that it has not over others, and yet this does not arise from defect in the Scripture, but in the age,-sometimes in the place, since our Lord could not do any mighty work in Nazareth. For what reason? Because of their unbelief, not from want of personal power. This defect is incessantly indicating itself, and is what the blundering Newmaniacs call a new Development of the Scripture; whereas it is the same word, with differences only

in the hearers of it.

We are decidedly opposed to the constant attempts now making by the hierarchy to obtain bills of penalties against the clergy. We really think, notwithstanding many clerical offences of a sad character, that these evils might be redressed by existing civil authorities; nor do we think that a species of jury from the clerical body, summoned by their own bishop, is likely to be attended with good results. The Ecclesiastical Courts ought to be forthwith re-modelled, the monstrous anomalies of Doctors' Commons at once removed, and the power given to the clergy of granting licences to marry in surrogate districts, in town as well as country.

The subject of education is grandly and soberly discussed by

his lordship, and a complete interdict placed upon Dr. Hook's secular plan. For ourselves we will never consent to the youth of the country being wholly removed from the influence of the Church. There never can be any education worthy of the name that excludes religion. All who began with different notions, such as Mr. Dale, have rapidly altered their early views, and given up, as that gentleman did his London University principle. Education is a mighty popular subject with the Whigs, who have always fancied that they possessed a peculiar panacea for the people in this particular. We rejoice that our Christian prelate shows himself above the mean views of sordid advancement, and enunciates the truth as boldly as convincingly. Having now glanced rapidly over the leading topics of this important Charge, we shall simply restate, that if our Church be weak, it can be such only by the want of all possible management. There never existed such a body of Anglican clergy as at the present moment, and in particular in the metropolis. Their great advances in every accomplishment of learning and civilization are becoming daily more and more pre-eminent. But this body of men, like the high breed of Arabian steeds, require to be chained to the car of intelligence and kindness, to be tended gently and warily. They cannot stand the chill of neglect and rude repulse, but must be fully served and nobly caressed. There must ever exist in the breast of every pious churchman more than even filial regard to his bishop, and this should be met by a correspondent sentiment in the spiritual Father. It is useless to imagine that the children will respect those that do not see to their welfare and livelihood, and as a bishop is shielded from these cares himself, he ought, conscious of such advantages, to be equally ready to confer them on his children in the faith. The elder clergy ought never to be passed over without due consideration, and the younger, when remarkable men, can be disposed of, greatly to the advantage of the Church, in positions demanding extraordinary exertions. Above all, a heartening of the established clergy seems required; and this can only be effected by his Grace the Primate and the Lord Bishop of London promoting men of long service and great learning and piety on public grounds alone, and by the utter rejection of any influences but those purely religious. Such must be the future system. Alliance with a nobleman or a bishop must cease to be esteemed a claim for promotion. A bishop must be content to act on public grounds, and not on private representation. Patrons must deal with their preferment in a similar manner; the Chancellor ought to be restricted in his patronage, or to be compelled to give it in the diocese where it is situated,

and the local clergy should be first considered by all the above authorities. This would restore much of that genuine and hearty sympathy at present nearly defunct, but anciently existing between her patrons and the Church. We do not say it would do all, and we doubt not the true churchman will do his devoir gallantly under all circumstances; but, like the knights of old, he requires earthly meed as well as heavenly. The mingled yarn of life is so twisted, that it requires warp as well as woof, and few high spirits have survived the deadly nightshade of neglect. There must be the telum through which the laborious shuttle is to pass, there must be the material for reliance and labour, there must be that soul-encouragement and that body-encouragement that will enable a man to devise, to plan, and to perfect every noble ideal of his heart; and to whom but to the fathers of the Church should we look for this encouragement? They must be disinterested as Warham, with his £30 viaticum, generous as William of Wykeham, munificent patrons of learned men like Leo, simple-minded as Vincent de Paul and Xavier, fervid as Luther, gentle as Cranmer, and mind-attuned to every excellency like Philip Melancthon. If they be thus soul-possessed with spiritual excellences, we fear not that they will prove the reproval of iniquity, like that Church of old that by its self-denying spirit converted the earth to a faith of suffering and restraint, from one of aggression and indulgence. But the bishops must now be equal to the occasion; they must now cease to be mean-spirited, peculative, nepotic, worldly, and ambitious, and must learn the simple graces of primitive generosity, the value of heavenly things; like their Master, they must own that links of blood are not so near to them as ties of duty to that Lord; that the Church is His body, and the meanest churchman a member of the same; giving up worldly ambition, they must covet earnestly the best gifts of that increase from above, that is daily and hourly bestowed upon every one who serveth God duly in his vocation and ministry.

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CRITICAL SKETCHES.

ART. XIII.-An Alphabet of Illustrated Geography and Hydrography, elucidated throughout, in the minutest Detail, by means of between two and three thousand Sectional Maps, &c. &c. By James Mangles, Commander, R. N.

THE entire title and a specimen of the proposed work of Captain Mangles will be found in another part of our present number. The Captain's project has cost, he informs us, ten years' labour to mature and complete. It is to give in one large and comprehensive volume the names of about 300,000 places, the estimated number in the known world, arranged alphabetically, with the province, country, or division of the globe in which the name may happen to be, with latitude and longitude; and by means of two numbers also attached, a reference is instantly given to another volume of sectional maps, with a sectional index, and key to the contents of each and all. In short, the world is divided into 3000 different pieces, one of the numbers indicating the sectional map, in which the name will be found in an index of the contents of the whole section, the letter key enabling the reader to place his finger immediately on the point sought for.

We ourselves have long known the want of such a work. The time lost in searching for places but little known, during the late campaign in the Punjaub, was a serious matter to many. We were lately asked the position of Wenham Lake, of icy notoriety; sorely puzzled, we scanned Arrowsmith's, Johnston's, the Useful Knowledge Society's, and Betts' Atlases in vain; our search was at last rewarded in a large and beautifully executed survey of the State of Massachusetts, lately published in America, but at the cost of more than one hour of valuable time; had we possessed a work of Captain Mangles' proposed calibre, the difficulty would have been overcome, and our curiosity satisfied in one minute. We give the result in Captain Mangles' own energetic and manly style:

"What a valuable book for exercising boys in finding the position of places! What a book for emigrants, wherever they may be going; what a book for every merchant ship, the very harbours alone would, for our 500 yachts, be invaluable! What a book for the army or the navy, from the highest class of officer to the lowest!

One of the sectional charts,-one hundred miles by eighty, will navigate a ship sailing ten miles an hour for ten hours.

"When Lord Hill effected his celebrated surprise of the French at Arroyo del Molinos, and the despatches arrived, what would not then have been the interest attached to a sectional map? or during the whole of the last campaign of Napoleon in Russia,-how well would these sectional maps have assisted in tracing his career? one of them being just the very space best suited to satisfy curiosity, and keep the attention riveted and concentrated where the interest lies, instead of having to gaze on a map of a whole empire, with the attention distracted by names in thousands and thousands scattered in every direction. In one of these sectional maps, no matter how lowly the village where the monarch or general of either party had established his head-quarters, in an instant it would be found."

"Imagine a Prussian, or any other foreigner, going to Eton and Windsor, or to Reading or Maidenhead, and wishing to know the relative position of those places to others in their vicinity, one of our sectional maps, extending one hundred miles by eighty, or in other words, reaching from London to Bath, and comprising forty miles on either side the whole way, will give him a far better idea of the locality he is interested about, than a map of the whole of England, where he must unfold Cornwall as well as Berkshire or Buckinghamshire; and nine times out of ten, when we refer to either a chart or a map, a space of a hundred miles by eighty will cover the extent where our interest lies; and, moreover, our attention cannot at one time be profitably riveted and fixed on a wider range of sea or land. This example applies with equal force to every country, and was recently tested by the Ordnance Survey of England, where one county was begun, continued, and ended before another was taken in hand."

The style of "getting up" the Geographical Dictionaries and Gazetteers of former days was somewhat curious. It is detailed at p. 5:—

"The most extensive Gazetteer of 1827, in 6 vols. besides an 'Introduction' of ninety-seven pages, contains Addenda' descriptive of the 'Birmese empire, the war in that country having just then terminated; and a Summary of the recent Voyages and Travels in the East, North America, and Africa,' the previous edition having passed over the details of the Birman empire,' and many other parts, as never likely to be of interest.

"Hence in the time of need, in the hour of strife, during the time when hostilities were actually carrying on, when information was most required, we could get none. A village was stormed; a town besieged; the head-quarters established here or there; a treaty of peace concluded at the second city in the empire, and yet to find the actual site of any of these villages, towns, stockades, or even cities, or to read one line about any of them, would have been as hopeless a task as to find a place in the moon. The details of the whole empire were passed over (when making this SELECTION) as a place not worth one moment's consideration. What would be the use of writing about Birmah ? Such, likewise, has been the case with the ground explored during the 'Recent Voyages and Travels in the East, North America, and Africa!'"

Before taking leave of Captain Mangles and his plan, we would desire to express our opinion that he has conferred a positive benefit on the public, in liberally offering the results of his labours gratuitously to the publishers; and we sincerely hope that one, or a few united, will shortly be found with spirit enough to produce it in a style worthy of the industrious projector, and not permit a national work like this to appear in America, which is more than likely if it is not appreciated in this country.