By this time i and ei express the same sound, and the diphthong is merely used to express the long sound of the simple vowel; e.g. ponteis omneis were at no period pronounced with the diphthong ei (§ 16). Double consonants are written single throughout the inscription, e.g. tabelarios, suma, redidei. Regio. The spelling rh for Greek p did not come in till the end of the Republic. poseiuei. The form posui, a form due to false analogy, has not yet ousted the true form po-sīvi. Pono, for *po-s(i)no, is a compound of the old Prep. po (Gk. ȧró) and sino, and properly formed its Perfect po-sivi as its Supine po-situm. But the analogy of monitum, etc., suggested that a Supine positum should have a Perfect posui; and this erroneous form gradually ousted the other, which, however, is exclusively used by the older writers. (See my Hist. Gram. ch. xi. § 21; B. App. § 261. 4.) meilia. The word was at this time pronounced with double ; but on this inscription double consonants are written single. About the time of Augustus ll between i and i was reduced to l. Hence milia, older millia; vilicus, older villicus, etc. See my Hist. Gram. ch. ii. § 9. Cosentiam, see § 22. af. The origin of this by-form of a, ab is uncertain. See my Hist. Gram. ch. vii. § 2. eidem. § 22). The ei expresses the sound i of idem (for is-dem, conquaeisivei. The aei is a curious spelling, half-way between ai and ei. poplico, see on poplicod, No. 37. paastores. This method of indicating a long vowel, by doubling it, just as a long consonant was written double, was introduced by the poet Accius, and gained favour for a time. Afterwards it was discarded for the "apex," an accent-sign placed above the vowel to indicate the length, e.g. PÁSTORES. See § 17. heic. This is the original spelling of the Adverb hic, properly the Locative Case of the Pronoun; see on heic, No. 39. XLV. Epitaph of a Scipio, in Saturnian metre. (C.I.L. I. 34; VI. 1289.) L. Cornelius Cn. f. Cn. n. Scipio. is hic situs quei nunquam uictus est uirtutei ne quairatis honore quei minus sit mandatus. L. Cornelius Cn. f. Cn. n(epos) Scipio. quom. Since quo had come to be pronounced like co the two are often interchanged (see on oquoltod, No. 37). posidet. The double consonant is written single in this word, but double in annos, below. saxsum. Xs is a common way of writing x in early inscriptions, and indeed in Latin of all periods (cf. exstrad No. 37, faxseis No. 42, saxso No. 66 (5), etc.). quoiei. On this form see § 10. The Relative in Latin formed its Gen. and Dat. by adding to its Instrumental Case quo the Gen. and Dat. of the Demonstr. Pron. *quō-eios,* quō-eiei (Hist. Gram. ch. v. § 6). honore (m) (so below), Acc. after defecit 'stinted.' On the absence of -m see § 20. virtutei, i.e. virtuti (§ 17), is the I-stem Abl. (originally -tid, § 10), while the classical form virtutě (originally virtuti, § 21) is really the Loc. (§ 10). hic is the Adv. hic. is is naturally taken as Nom. Sg. 'he.' It may also be Dat. Plur. agreeing with loceis 'assigned to this grave' (cf. loculus); for the use of is, where hic would be the proper Pron., is not unknown in writers of this time. The reading loceis is due to conjecture, there being a gap in the stone. Buecheler prefers diueis (i.e. the Manes). quairatis. The old spelling is retained, though the diphthong was now certainly pronounced ae. quei is Adverbial qui 'how': 'do not ask how it was that honour was not assigned to him,' lit. 'do not ask about honour how it was,' etc. This is the common Latin idiom, e.g. novi te qualis sis, like the Gk. oidá σe oσtis ei. Another rendering is 'do not ask about his honours, for they (lit. 'which') were never granted him.' XLVI. Epitaph of Cn. Cornelius Scipio Hispanus, in Elegiac metre; praetor 139 B.C. (C.I.L. I. 38; VI. 1293.) Cn. Cornelius On. f. Scipio Hispanus pr. aid. cur. q. tr. mil. uirtutes generis mieis moribus accumulaui maiorum optenui laudem ut sibei me esse creatum Cn. Cornelius Cn. f. Scipio Hispanus pr(actor), aed(ilis) cur(ulis), quaestor), tr(ibunus) militaris), bis decemvir litibus) judic(andis), decemvir sacr(is) fac(iendis). sl. virtutes generis meis moribus accumulavi, progeniem mi genui, facta patris petii, majorum obtinui laudem, ut sibi me esse creatum laetentur; stirpem nobilitavit honor. On stlis, slis, old forms of lis, see Hist. Gram. ch. x. § 19; B. App. § 104. 1 d. Notice the k of iudik(andeis). mieis, monosyllabic, like suo (No. 42 b). On the spelling. with i, which avoided the awkward form meeis (mistakable for *meis), see my Latin Language, ch. ii. § 9. progenie(m). On the dropping of -m see § 20. This word must be pronounced apparently progěnyě (? progenie, like făcilia, No. 42 b) to suit the metre. Buecheler prefers to read progeniem genui. petiei. The ei of petiei beside the i of accumulaui is due to the desire to avoid the spelling ii which might represent ji or even i (cf. paastores in No. 44). optenui. Op represents the sound actually pronounced, as we know from Quintilian (i. 7. 7). sibei. The metre requires sibi, but the old spelling is retained. Cf. tibei No. 42 b. nobilitauit. By this time a long vowel had become shortened before a final t (see § 18). XLVII. Epitaph in Iambic senarii found at Rome; of the time of the Gracchi. (C.I.L. I. 1007; vi. 15346.) hospes, quod deico, paullum est, asta ac pellege. h heic est sepulcrum hau pulcrum pulcrai feminae. suom mareitum corde deilexit souo. in terra linquit, alium sub terra locat. Sepulcrum (from sepelio) was vulgarly derived from sẽ 'without' and pulcher 'beautiful.' Commodus in the early literature often means 'graceful' 'correct,' (-cum modo) e.g. Plaut. Most. 254-5: PH. suo quisque loco (uiden ?) capillus satis compositust commode? SC. ubi tu commoda es, capillum commodum esse credito. Lanifica is a commendatory epithet in epitaphs on Roman ladies. |