LATIN IN ENGLISH ORDER.

XXXII.

1. Omnis Gallia est divisa in tres partes, quarum Belgae incolunt unam, Aquitani aliam, qui ipsorum lingua appellantur Celtae, nostra Galli, tertiam. 2. Omnes hi differunt inter se, lingua, institutis, legibus. 3. Flumen Garumna dividit Gallos ab Aquitanis, Matrona et Sequana, a Belgis. 4. Omnium horum, Belgae sunt fortissimi, propterea quod absunt longissime a cultu atque humanitate Provinciae, mercatoresque commeant ad eos minime saepe, atque important ea quae pertinent ad animos effeminandos, suntque proximi Germanis, qui incolunt trans Rhenum, quibuscum gerunt bellum continenter; de qua causa Helvetii quoque praecedunt reliquos Gallos virtute, quod contendunt cum Germanis fere quotidianis proeliis, quum aut prohibent eos suis finibus, aut ipsi gerunt bellum in eorum finibus.

XXXIII.

1. Una pars eorum quam est dictum Gallos obtinere, capit initium a flumine Rhodano, continetur flumine Garumna, Oceano, finibus Belgarum ; attingit etiam ab Sequanis et Helvetiis, flumen Rhenum, vergit ad septentriones. 2. Belgae oriuntur ab extremis finibus Galliae, pertinent ad inferiorem partem fluminis Rheni, spectant in septentriones et orientem solem. 3. Aquitania pertinet a flumine Garumna ad Pyrenaeos montes, et eam partem Oceani quae est ad Hispaniam; spectat inter occasum solis et septentriones. 4. Apud Helvetios, Orgetorix fuit longe nobilissimus, et ditissimus. 5. Is, Marco Messala et Marco Pisone consulibus, inductus cupiditate regni, fecit conjurationem nobilitatis, et persuasit civitati ut exirent de suis finibus cum omnibus copiis; esse perfacile potiri imperio totius Galliae, quum praestarent omnibus virtute.

LITERAL TRANSLATION.

XXXII. 1. All Gaul is divided into three parts, of which the Belgæ inhabit one, the Aquitani another, those who in their own language are called Celts, in ours Gauls, inhabit the third. 2. All these differ among themselves, in language, in institutions, and in laws. 3. The river Garonne divides the Gauls from the Aquitani, the Marne and Seine divide them from the Belgæ. 4. Of all these, the Belgæ are the bravest, on the account that they are farthest from the civilization and refinement of our Province, and the traders come to them least often, and bring those things which tend to the minds being weakened, and because they are nearest to the Germans, who dwell beyond the Rhine, with whom they wage war continually; for which cause the Helvetii also excel the other Gauls in bravery, because they contend with the Germans in almost daily battles, when either they prohibit them from their territories, or themselves carry war into their territories.

XXXIII. 1. One part of these, which it is said the Gauls hold, takes its rise from the river Rhone, it is bounded by the river Garonne, the Ocean, and the territories of the Belgæ; it extends also from the Sequani and the Helvetii, to the river Rhine, and stretches towards the north. 2. The Belge begin at the extreme boundaries of Gaul, they reach to the lower part of the river Rhine, they look towards the north and rising sun. 3. Aquitania reaches from the river Garonne to the Pyrenean mountains, and to that part of the Ocean which is near Spain; it looks between the setting of the sun and the north. 4. Among the Helvetii, Orgetorix was by far the most noble, and the richest. 5. He, Marcus Messala and Marcus Piso being consuls, induced by a desire for a kingdom, fomented a conspiracy of the nobility, and persuaded the state that they should go out of their territories with all their forces; that-it-would-be very easy to take the command of all Gaul, since they excelled all in bravery.

FREE TRANSLATION.

XXXII. 1. The whole of Gaul is divided into three parts; the Belgæ inhabit one; the Aquitani another; the third is peopled by a race who in their own language are called Celts, but in ours, Gauls. 2. They differ from each other in language, institutions, and laws. 3. The river Garonne separates the Gauls from the Aquitani, the Marne and the Seine divide them from the Belga. 4. Of these three tribes, the Belgæ are the bravest, because they are the farthest distant from the discipline and refinement of our Province, and the itinerant traders visit them least frequently, to offer for sale those things which indulge the appetites and tend to weaken the character, and because their territories are nearest to those of the Germans across the Rhine, with whom they carry on war continually; for which cause also the Helvetii excel the other Gauls in valor, since they also contend with the Germans in almost daily battles, when either the Germans make free to come into their territories, or they invade the territories of of the Germans.

XXXIII. 1. That part which it is said the Gauls possess, begins at the river Rhone, is bounded by the river Garonne, the Ocean, and the territories of the Belgæ; it extends from the Sequani and Helvetii, to the Rhine, and stretches towards the north. 2. The Belgian territories begin at the boundaries of Gaul, and reach to the lower part of the Rhine, they lie to the northeast. 3. Aquitania extends from the river Garonne to the Pyrenees, and that part of the Ocean which is near Spain, it lies to the north-west. 4. Among the Helvetii, the richest and most famous man of the time was Orgetorix. 5. This man, during the consulship of Marcus Messala and Marcus Piso, being ambitious of becoming a king, raised a conspiracy among the nobility, and persuaded the people of that state to leave their country with all their forces, and to take possession of all Gaul, for they could very easily do so, since they excelled all the rest in bravery.

ORIGINAL TEXT.

XXXII.

1. Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquitani, tertiam, qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra Galli appellantur. 2. Hi omnes lingua, institutis, legibus, inter se differunt. 3. Gallos ab Aquitanis Garumna flumen, a Belgis Matrona et Sequana dividit. 4. Horum omnium fortissimi sunt Belgae, propterea quod a cultu atque humanitate Provinciae longissime absunt, minimeque ad eos mercatores saepe commeant atque ea quae ad effeminandos animos pertinent important, proximique sunt Germanis qui trans Rhenum incolunt, quibuscum continenter bellum gerunt; qua de causa Helvetii quoque reliquos Gallos virtute praecedunt, quod fere quotidianis proeliis cum Germanis contendunt, quum aut suis finibus eos prohibent, aut ipsi in eorum finibus bellum gerunt.

XXXIII.

1. Eorum una pars, quam Gallos obtinere dictum est, initium capit a flumine Rhodano, continetur Garumna flumine, Oceano, finibus Belgarum ; attingit etiam ab Sequanis et Helvetiis, flumen Rhenum, vergit ad septentriones. 2. Belgae ab extremis Galliae finibus oriuntur, pertinent ad inferiorem partem fluminis Rheni, spectant in septentriones et orientem solem. 3. Aquitania a Garumna flumine, ad Pyrenaeos montes, et eam partem Oceani quae est ad Hispaniam, pertinet; spectat inter occasum solis et septentriones. 4. Apud Helvetios longe nobilissimus et ditissimus fuit Orgetorix. 5. Is, M. Messala et M. Pisone consulibus, regni cupiditate inductus, conjurationem nobilitatis fecit, et civitati persuasit, ut de finibus suis cum omnibus copiis exirent; perfacile esse, quum virtute omnibus praestarent, totius Galliae imperio potiri.

LATIN IN ENGLISH ORDER.

XXXIV.

1. Persuasit eis id, facilius hoc, quod Helvetii continentur undique natura loci; ex una parte flumine Rheno, latissimo atque altissimo, qui dividit Helvetium agrum a Germanis; ex altera parte Jura, altissimo monte qui est inter Sequanos et Helvetios; tertia, lacu Lemano et flumine Rhodano, qui dividit nostram Provinciam ab Helvetiis. 2. His rebus fiebat, et ut vagarentur minus late, et possent inferre bellum minus facile finitimis; de qua causa, homines cupidi bellandi afficiebantur magno dolore. 3. Autem, pro multitudine hominum, et pro gloria belli atque fortitudinis, arbitrabantur se habere angustos fines, qui patebant in longitudinem CCXL millia passuum, in latitudinem CLXXX.

XXXV.

1. Adducti his rebus, et permoti auctoritate Orgetorigis, constituerunt comparare ea quae pertinerent ad proficiscendum; coemere quam-maximum-numerum jumentorum et carrorum; facere sementes quam-maximas, ut copia frumenti suppeteret in itinere; confirmare pacem et amicitiam cum proximis civitatibus. 2. Ad eas res conficiendas, duxerunt biennium esse satis sibi; confirmant profectionem, lege, in tertium annum. 3. Orgetorix deligitur ad eas res conficiendas. Is suscepit sibi legationem ad civitates. 4. In eo itinere, persuadet Castico Sequano, filio Catamantaledis, cujus pater obtinuerat regnum in Sequanis multos annos, et fuerat appellatus amicus a Senatu Romani Populi, ut occuparet, in sua civitate, regnum quod pater habuerat ante.