the Hindoos, until gradually corrupted by a number of local causes, so as to form the languages at present spoken in the various parts of Hindoostan, and perhaps those of some of the neighboring countries.' He commenced the study of Sanscrit, therefore, at an early period of his residence, and his labors in it have placed him high amongst the most distinguished of our Sanscrit scholars. It appears also, that he was early induced to acquire a knowledge of Mahratta. Upon the first establishment of the college of Fort William, in 1800, the known attainments of Dr. Carey, pointed him out to the government of India, as a fit person to be attached to the new institution; and he was accordingly engaged to give tuition in the Sanscrit, Bengali, and Mahratta languages, with the title of teacher; his own humility disclaiming the more ambitious designation of professor, at least until the year 1807, when he submitted to be so entitled. He continued to occupy this station, until the virtual abolition of the college, by the discontinuance of European professors in 1830-1. He then retired on a pension, far from adequate to the length and value of his services, and the character for ability, industry, regularity, and judgment, which he had uniformly sustained.”

One of the first works published by Dr. Carey, was his Grammar of the Sanscrit language. "It is a work," says Professor Wilson, of immense extent and labor. It forms a quarto volume of more than 1,000 pages. It is divided into five books; the first treats of letters and of their euphonic combinations; the second, of declension; the third, of conjugation; the fourth, of the formation of derivative nouns; and the fifth, of syntax." "Notwithstanding some drawbacks, his grammar is a work of very great merit; and in the immense accumulation of useful examples and illustrations which it affords, especially in the paradigms of the verbs, and in the development of derivative nouns, it is of invaluable assistance, both to the beginner, and to the more advanced student.”

Dr. Carey never engaged, to any considerable extent, in the prosecution of Hindoo literature, unconnected with philological research. The only published work in which he is known to have been concerned, is the text of the epic poem, the Rámáyana, which he edited, and to which he subjoined a translation, in concert with Dr. Marshman. Mr. Colebrooke has acknowledged his assistance in conducting the Amara Kosha through the press at Serampore. Dr. Carey was also the editor of the Hitopadesa. It seems probable that he assisted Mr. Ward in his account of the Hindoos. It was not his nature to volunteer a display of his erudition. It may be added, that Dr. Carey spoke Sanscrit with fluency and correctness. He left the students of the Bengali language, not only well supplied with elementary books, but furnished standard compositions, and laid the foundation of a cultivated tongue and flourishing literature throughout the country. A highly competent native authority, Baboo Ram Comol Shen, says, “I must acknowledge that whatever has been done towards the revival of the Bengali language, its improvement, and, in fact, the establishment of it as a language, must be attributed to that excellent man, Dr. Carey, and his colleagues, by whose liberality and great exertions, many works have been carried through the press, and the general tone of the language of the province of Bengal has been so greatly raised." Several editions of his Bengali Grammar, and of his Dialogues in Bengali, have been published. The first volume of his Bengali and English Dictionary, was published in 1815. It was reprinted in 1818; the second and third volumes appeared in 1825. The whole comprehend above two thousand quarto pages, and about eighty thousand words; a number that equally demonstrates the

copiousness of the language, and the industry of the compiler. An abridg ment, in one octavo volume, was printed in 1827.

Of a less prominent, but equally useful character, were the labors of Dr. Carey in other Indian dialects. He reduced the rudiments of the Mahratta language for himself. He published a Grammar of this language in 1805, and a Dictionary of ten thousand words in 1810. His Telinga Grammar, was the first published grammar of that tongue in English. For the Kurnata Grammar, also, no model existed, nor was there any for the Punjabi. These works are all characterized by succinctness and perspicuity.

Dr. Carey was an early associate of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, and furnished one or two instructive papers to the Researches. He was a diligent contributor to the Agricultural Society of Calcutta, of which he was one of the founders, and for some time president. Besides a valuable catalogue of the plants of the Company's Botanical Garden at Calcutta, which he printed in 1814, he was engaged for several years, in the publication of a Flora Indica, in concert with Dr. Wallich; two volumes of it have appeared. He also bore a considerable part in the periodical publications of the Serampore press.

These various pursuits were all, however, secondary to the main end of multiplying and disseminating translations of the Holy Scriptures. He commenced his labors in this department in 1794. He completed his Bengali New Testament, and a part of the Old, in 1796. His next undertaking was a Sanscrit translation. This was completed in 1816. Revised editions of both the Bengali and Sanscrit translations have been published. "They are," says Professor Wilson, "performances of real merit, and have been very extensively serviceable in diffusing accurate notions of gospel truth amongst the millions of Bengal." Shortly after the establishment of Dr. Carey and his brethren at Serampore, they devised and carried into execution a comprehensive scheme for the translation of the Bible into all the languages of India. Accordingly they published, in the course of about five and twenty years, translations of portions of the Old and New Testaments, more or less considerable, in forty different dialects.*

*The facts in the preceding sketch are drawn from the very interesting and valuable Life of Dr. Carey, by Eustace Carey, republished in this city by Gould, Kendall & Lincoln, in one volume of 422 pages, with a portrait, and a well-written introductory essay, by President Wayland.

NOTICES OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.

1. Mammon; or, Covetousness the Sin of the Christian Church. By the Rev. John Harris, author of the Great Teacher. Boston: Gould, Kendall & Lincoln. 1836. pp. 230.

MR. HARRIS is a glowing and spirited writer, with no inconsiderable claims to originality of thought and of expression. Covetousness, in common hands, would be a jejune and threadbare topic. It is a favorite theme for schoolboys, and third-rate public teachers. Mr. Harris, however, brings to the consideration of it, a logical mind, the stores of extensive illustration, and a heart warm with love for perishing men— deprived of the gospel of Christ through the penuriousness of its professors. We do not think the author's style and manner faultless; neither do we accord with every sentiment which he propounds. Yet no Christian, we should think, could read it, without deriving much benefit, and feeling stronger desires to correct in himself and in others all tendencies to that covetousness, which is, in the sight of God, idolatry. The essay received a prize of 100 guineas, given by a Dr. J. T. Conquest, and awarded by Rev. Dr. John Pye Smith and the Hon. and Rev. Baptist W. Noel. The number of essays offered in the competition was 143. Mr. Harris considers, 1, that selfishness is the antagonist of the gospel; 2, covetousness as the principal form of selfishnessin its nature, forms, prevalence, particularly in Britain-disguises, tests, evils, doom, pleas; and, 3, an explanation and enforcement of Christian charity.

2. The Philosophy of Benevolence. By Pharcellus Church, A. M., Rochester, N. Y. New York: Leavitt, Lord & Co. 1836. pp. 355.

This volume comes highly recommended by the Rev. Drs. Spring, Brownlee, Peters, Milnor, Going, Proudfit, Davis, Professors Bush, Caswell, and others. It seems to us to be composed strictly in conformity to its title. It is a thorough, temperate and fairminded discussion of some of the more important principles and modes of procedure of our benevolent associations. The subject has evidently not attracted the attention of thinking and practical men, to the extent which its importance demands. No considerate Christian can, for a moment, suppose that the directors of our benevolent associations have reached the ultimate point of sound wisdom and of the greatest efficiency in the management of the interests intrusted to them. They, as well as others, ought to be thankful for many of the suggestions of Mr. Church. His opinions, however, on some topics, for instance those on permanent funds, we could not admit without decided qualifications. Foundations, we suppose, are absolutely necessary to ensure the continued prosperity of our literary institutions. The expediency of an entire exclusion of them in the support of charitable societies, is not a self-evident proposition.

3. Ciceronis Selectæ Quædam Epistolæ, accedunt Notulæ et Illustrationes Anglica. Cura M. L. Hurlbut. In usum scholarum. Philadelphia: Sumptibus H. Perkins. 1836.

"During the whole of his career," remarks Mr. Hurlbut, "Cicero was in the habit of frequent and full epistolary intercourse with the principal men of the time, of all parties and characters. To some of them he was in the practice of pouring out his thoughts and feelings on all kinds of topics, as the passing events of the day suggested them, without reserve." "The letters of Cicero are history, in its truest and best sense. They are history in its elements. They are instinct with the spirit of life and reality. They form, as it is well known, the basis and substance of one of the most valuable historical biographies in our language-Middleton's Life of Cicero." We have only to

add that the selection seems to have been judiciously made. A number of illustrative notes are added. We have not observed any fault in the typography. The letters of Cicero certainly claim a very high rank in respect to Latinity, grace, flow, good sense, and the valuable information which they furnish.

4. Memoir of the Rev. Joseph Sanford. By the Rev. Robert Baird. Philadelphia: Henry Perkins. 1836.

Mr. Sanford was a faithful and affectionate Presbyterian minister, first of a church in Brooklyn, N. Y. and afterwards of a church in Philadelphia. The memorials compiled and edited by Mr. Baird, exhibit him to us in a very amiable and attractive point of view—as supremely desirous to commend himself to his flock as a good steward of the manifold grace of God.

5. The Stability of the Church of God, independent of Political Changes: a Discourse delivered at Orange Street Chapel, Leicester Square, London, Feb. 7, 1833, before the Monthly Meeting of the Congregational Pastors and Churches. By John Blackburn. pp. 26.

The text of this sermon is Psalm xlvi. 5: "God is in the midst of her; she shall not be moved." That the stability of the church of God is certain, is proved, 1, in order that the immutable purposes of Jehovah may be accomplished; 2, that the express declarations of Scripture may be fulfilled, and, 3, that the moral glory of the Creator may be maintained. Conquest may destroy its local influence, but cannot extinguish its spiritual life. Spoliation may destroy the temporal distinction of the church, but cannot lessen its moral dignity. Controversy may destroy its social tranquillity, but cannot obliterate evangelical truth. Some practical remarks close the discourse.

6. The Third Address of the Annual Assembly of the Congregational Union of England and Wales, held at the Congregational Library, London, May 10,

1836.

This address is mainly confined to the discussion of the following topic: "Great attainments in personal piety are absolutely indispensable to the effective operation of the voluntary system among the churches of the Congregational order." The bearings of this subject are pointed out in relation to ministers, deacons, and private members of churches. Various exhortations are then addressed to Christians, in respect to providing and recommending individuals as suitable persons to be educated for the Christian ministry; to pious dissenters, who are members of the colleges; to the churches, on the importance of providing for each church a stated ministry; to ministers, in relation to the watchfulness required in setting apart others to the office of the ministry; and to all the followers of Christ, in relation to the importance of procuring an increasingly efficient ministry. Some closing remarks are offered on the signs of the times, as illustrating and enforcing the preceding considerations.

7. The Salvation of Britain, introductory to the Conversion of the World: a Discourse delivered before the London Missionary Society, at the Tabernacle, Moorfields, on Wednesday evening, May 13, 1835. By John Blackburn, pastor of the Congregational Church, Pentonville, London. With Notes and Illustrations. London: Jackson & Walford. 1835. pp. 85.

This is an elaborate and valuable sermon, well-reasoned and abounding with striking facts. The text is Zech. viii. 13: "And it shall come to pass, that as ye were a curse among the heathen, O house of Judah, and house of Israel; so will I save you, and ye shall be a blessing: fear not, but let your hands be strong." The author justifies his assertion, that Divine Providence is about to make the British nation a blessing to the heathen, 1, from the fact that her national position renders this possible. Her gigantic possessions are inhabited by nearly 150,000,000 of the human family, or one sixth part

of the race. 2. From the national reformation of Britain. Reference is here made to the prevalence of better books for general reading, to a considerable reform in respect to profane swearing, Sabbath-breaking, drunkenness, etc. to the abolition of West Indian slavery, Hindoo infanticide, etc. 3. The national conversion of Britain will render it certain. The author then proceeds to discuss the Christian obligation resting on Britain. She ought to seek the conversion of her countrymen by diversified efforts, and for the sake of the world. We heartily commend this sermon to all who may have the means to procure it. It breathes a truly Christian spirit, is written in a glowing style, and is crowded, especially in its appendix, with highly important and well-authenticated facts.

8. The Eleventh Annual Report of the Society for Promoting Christian Instruction in London and its Vicinity, presented at the General Meeting, May 3, 1836. pp. 63.

This, together with a number of other valuable pamphlets, has been forwarded to us, by one of the secretaries of the Christian Instruction Society, the Rev. John Blackburn. The design of the association is to advance evangelical religion amongst the inhabitants of London and the vicinity, by promoting the observance of the Sabbath, the preaching of the gospel, the establishment of prayer meetings and Sabbath schools, the circulation of religious tracts, accompanied with systematic visitation, etc. During the past year there have been connected with the society in London and its environs, 83 associations, 1,867 gratuitous visitors, 46,448 families, and 115 prayer meetings; being an increase during the year of 8 associations, 237 visitors, 5,907 families, and 24 prayer meetings. A great number of facts are stated, showing the usefulness of the society's labors.

9. The Signs of the Times: a Sermon delivered before the Pastoral Association of Massachusetts, in Park Street Meeting-house, Boston, May 24, 1836. By John Codman, D. D. Pastor of the Second Church in Dorchester. Boston: D. K. Hitchcock. 1836. pp. 24.

The text on which this sermon is founded, is Matt. xvi. 3: "Can ye not discern the signs of the times?" The author, in the first place, states some of the peculiarities of the times in which we live. It is an age of excitement; of moral reform; of censoriousness and denunciation; of innovation and love of novelty; of restlessness and uneasiness in the churches; and, of religious controversy and separation. In the second place, Dr. Codman considers some of the appropriate duties, which the peculiarities of the times impose upon the pastors of the churches in our connection. There are demanded in pastors, great firmness and steadiness; independency of mind and action; great circumspection and prudence; a conciliating and affectionate spirit; faithful and discriminating preaching of the doctrines of the gospel; particular attention to pastoral duties; increasing zeal in their appropriate work; deep piety, and humble and persevering prayer. Churches should exercise mutual forbearance, a spirit of prayer, and of confirmed union. It will be easy to see that in the hands of Dr. Codman, the discussion of topics important and interesting as those now enumerated, could not fail to furnish rich instruction to the hearer and reader. Sound judgment, careful discrimination and good sense, are conspicuous throughout.

10. An Appeal to the Young Men of the Presbyterian Church in the Synod of South Carolina and Georgia. By George Howe, Professor of Biblical Literature, Theological Seminary, Columbia, S. C. 1836. pp. 48.

This is an able and effective appeal, based on undeniable facts, and sustained by earnest reasoning and affectionate remonstrance. "On diligent inquiry," says Prof. Howe, "there are not found within the bounds of this synod more than 40 young men in all, in any stage of preparation for the ministry. In our seminary there have been