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already referred to. He admits the very great merit of the Copernican system, and its applicability to the explanation of all astronomical phenomena; and one of his remarks is, in beginning to show how the motion of the earth's axis explains the precession of the equinoxes :-"We have not yet exhausted the depth of the Copernican hypothesis, in which the further we go, the more shall we find of talent and valuable sagacity." Riccioli takes as much pains to develope the Copernican system in a favorable light, before he proceeds to refute it, as Copernicus himself, and a good deal more space. It has even been suspected that Riccioli was in heart a Copernican, but unable, as a Roman Catholic and a Jesuit, to declare himself.

The church of Rome, or the court it may be, for no council was called on the subject, stopped the mouth of Galileo by means of the Inquisition, as all readers are aware (A. D. 1633). The first actual prohibition of the Copernican system was by the five Cardinals who had the superintendence of the Index Expurgatorius. These prelates suspended the work of Copernicus until its errors were corrected (which must have been either ignorance or irony, for the heresy runs from beginning to end), and entirely prohibited that of Foscarini, a Carmelite, who must be considered as the introducer of the doctrine into Italy. Up to this time the contest had been carried on, the times considered, with something like moderation. The tone of contempt with which the orthodox party set out subsided into admiration of the beauty of the system. Indeed, examples are not

The system of Newton overturned both the Ptolemaic, the Copernican, and the Tychonic, in the sense in which they were asserted by their various supporters. The first and third as

sumed the absolute stability of the earth, the second that of the sun. Those who are at all acquainted with the nature of relative motion will see that we might (not without inconvenience, but without inaccuracy) assume any one point of the universe we please for a fixed point, provided we give all other points, not their absolute motions, but the motions which they have relatively to the centre chosen. A satellite of Jupiter, a point in Saturn's ring, a cloud in the atmosphere of the earth, a shooting star in its descent, might either of them be assumed to be fixed, provided the proper relative motions were given to all other bodies. The result of Newton's system may be expressed as follows:

All the primary planets describe ellipses (nearly) about a point in the sun, and all satellites describe ellipses (nearly) about points in or near their primaries; in the meanwhile the centre of gravity of the whole system may be (probably is) in motion towards some point of the heavens, depending upon the impulse originally given to it, and with it the whole system. This motion of the centre of gravity will be in a straight line, unless the attraction of the fixed stars be sufficient to alter it sensibly.

QUARTERLY LIST

OF

wanting in which the opponents of the ORDINATIONS AND INSTALLATIONS. now received system were the more moderate and gentlemanlike of the two.

Witness Morin (by no means a man of EDWARD JENNISON, Cong, inst. pastor, Mount Vernon,

New Hampshire, April 6, 1836.

27.

JOHN W. SALTER, Cong. inst. pastor, Milford, N. H. April NATHANIEL PINE, Pres. ord. pastor, Peterborough, N. H. JON BIRKLEY, ord. pastor, East Hanover, N. II. June 28. SAMUEL LEE, Cong. inst. pastor, New Ipswich, N. H. May

June 8.

5.

MIRON M. DEAN, Baptist, ord. evang. Monkton, Vermont,
May 3, 1836.
CALVIN D. NOBLE, Cong. ord. pastor, Rochester, Vt. June
THOMAS BALDWIN, Jr. Cong. ord. pastor, Peru, Vt. June

8.

quiet temper in a personal dispute) who, after admitting the talents of Copernicus and his followers, cites the following from the justly celebrated Kepler: "The vulgar herd of learned men, not much wiser than the illiterate, produce authorities blind in their ignorance. . . &c." Which remark Morin quotes, not to complain or retaliate, but to observe-"This evidently shows that they have taken up this doc- DANIEL O. MORTON, Cong. inst. pastor, Winchendon, trine, not so much for the sake of dispute and exercise, as because they actually wish to promote the belief of it." WILLIAM P. APTHORP, Cong. ord. evang. Ward, Mass.

15.

B. C. SMITH, Cong. ord. evang. Windsor, Vt. June 22. HENRY B. HOLMES, Cong. inst. pastor, Springfield, Vt. June 29.

Massachusetts, March 2, 1836.

CHARLES BOYTER, Cong. inst. pastor, Truro, Ms. March

16.

April 20.

NATHAN BENJAMIN, Cong. ord. miss. Williamstown, Ms. | J. L. WILSON, D. D. Pres. inst. pastor, Cincinnati, O. May 5.
April 21.
BENJAMIN W. CHIDLAW, Pres. ord. pastor, New London,
O. May 26.

AARON HAYNES, Bap. ord. pastor, Medway, Ms. April 19.
BURR BALDWIN, Cong. ord. pastor, Ashfield, Ms. April 30.
LORENZO L. LANGSTROTH, Cong. ord. pastor, Andover,
Mass. May 11.

WAKEFIELD GALE, Cong. inst. pastor, Gloucester, (Sandy
Bay Parish,) Mass. May 4.

PARSONS COOK, Cong. inst. pastor, Lynn, Mass. May 4.
THOMAS R. LAMBERT, Epis. ord. deacon, Boston, Mass.

May 10.

GORDON WINSLOW, Epis. ord. deacon, Boston, Mass. May 8.

JOHN GOODHUE, Cong. ord. pastor, Marlboro', Ms. May 4. GEORGE W. STACY, Univ. ord. pastor, Carlisle, Ms. May

11.

TOBIAS PINKHAM, Pres. ord. pastor, Dracut and Lowell, Mass. May 18.

ALFRED GREENWOOD, Cong. ord. pastor, West Barnstable, Mass. May 18.

EZEKIEL RUSSELL, Cong. ord. pastor, North Adams, Ms. May 22.

CHARLES FITCH, Cong. inst. pastor, Boston, (Free Chh.) Mass. May 31.

WILLIAM H. KINGSLEY, Cong. ord. pastor, Ipswich, Ms. June 1.

EMERSON DAVIS, Cong. inst. coll pastor, Westfield, Mass. June 1.

HENRY J. LAMB, Cong. inst. pastor, Chelsea, Ms. June 8. JOSEPH HAVEN, Cong. inst. pastor, Billerica, Ms. June 8. HORATIO BARDWELL, Cong. inst. pastor, Oxford, Mass. June 9.

HOMER BARROWS, Cong. ord. pastor, Middleboro', Mass. June 8.

LEWIS SABIN, Cong. ord. miss. Hadley, Mass. June 15. GEORGE L. CARLTON, Bap. ord. pastor, Andover, Mass. June 15.

EPAPHRAS GOODMAN, Cong. inst. pastor, Dracut, Mass.

June 15.

DAVID CUSHMAN, Cong. ord. evang. Millville, (Mendon,) Mags. June 23.

JOHN S. DAVENPORT, Cong. ord. pastor, Bolton, Mass. July 14.

JOSEPH KNIGHT, Cong. inst. pastor, Peru, Mass. July 6. PRESTON CUMMINGS, Cong. inst. pastor, Wrentham, Ms. July 6.

CHARLES T. PRENTICE, Cong. ord. pastor, Fairfield, Connecticut, May 25, 1836.

JOEL R. ARNOLD, Cong. inst. pastor, Waterbury, Conn. June 15.

CORNELIUS B. EVEREST, Cong. inst. pastor, Bloomfield, Conn. June 22.

MARTIN ROOT, Cong. inst. pastor, East Windsor, Conn. June 29.

LEWIS D. HOWELL, Cong. inst. pastor, Derby, Ct. June 8.

JOHN C. F. HOES, Ref. Dutch, ord. pastor, Chittenango, New York, April 21, 1836.

JOHN ABEEL BALDWIN, Ref. Dutch, inst. pastor, New York, N. Y. May.

JOHN FOWLER, Pres. inst. pastor, Utica, N. Y. May 9. ELIHU DOTY, Ref. Dutch, ord. miss. New York, N. Y. May 16.

LEVI GRISWOLD, Cong. irst. pastor, Otisco, N Y. May 17. GEORGE POTTS, Pres. inst. pastor, New York, N. Y. May 17.

R. G. THOMPSON, Pres. inst. pastor, Yorktown, N. Y.

May 18.

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E. SCHERMERHORN, æt. 32, Skowhegan, Maine, 1836.
THOMAS ROBIE, æt. 77, Harrison, Me. April 24.
WILLIAM ALLEN, æt. 58, Bap. Jefferson, Me. April.
NEHEMIAH ORDWAY, æt. 93, Cong. Pembroke, New
Hampshire, June, 1836.

ASA BURTON, D. D. æt. 84, Cong. Thetford, Vermont, 1836.
JOHN PRINCE, LL. D. æt. 86, Unit. Salem, Massachusetts,
June 7, 1936.

JONATHAN L. POMROY, æt. 67, Cong. Worthington, Ms. June 4.

BELA JACOBS, æt. 52, Bap. East Cambridge, Ms. May 22. MATTHIAS MUNROE, Prot. Epis. South Bridgewater, Ms. April 8.

JOSEPH WOOD, æt. 54, Windsor, Broome Co. New York, May 13, 1836.

STEPHEN GROVER, æt 78, Pres. Caldwell, New Jersey, June 22, 1836.

WILLIAM H. MITCHELL, æt. 36, Prot. Epis. Virginia, April 8, 1836.

JOHN LITTLEJOHN, æt. 83, Meth. Epis. Ch. Louisville, Kentucky, May 12, 1836.

Whole number in the above list, 13.

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From 30 to 40...

2

50 60...

3

60 70..

1

70

80.

2

80

90.

3

90 100.....

Not specified..

New Jersey.

WILLIAM BEAR, Pres. ord. pastor, Marple Town, Penn. May 19.

JAMES G. GRAFF, Pres. inst. pastor, West Chester, Penn. April 29.

ROBERT BURWELL, Pres. inst. pastor, Hillsboro', North Carolina, May 15, 1836.

Total
Sum of all the ages speci-
Kentucky..
fied....
800
Average age.............. 67 Total...........

13 Virginia....

13

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HERMAN NORTON, Pres. inst. pastor, Cincinnati, Ohio, April 27, 1836.

WRIGHT LANCASTER, Bap. ord. pastor, Hartford, Georgia, Presbyterian..
June 8, 1836.
Metho ist Episcopal..
JULIUS A. REED, Cong. ord. evang. Quincy, Illinois, June Protestant Episcopal..
8, 1836.
Unitarian...
Not specified...

1

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JOURNAL

OF

THE AMERICAN EDUCATION SOCIETY.

AUGUST, 1836.

ACCOUNT OF A YOUNG MAN PREPARING FOR THE MINISTRY. To the Secretary of the American Education Society.

REV. AND DEAR SIR,

I AM well acquainted with a clergyman now successfully laboring in the vineyard of our Lord, a brief account of whose past life may be neither uninteresting nor unprofitable to those indigent young men who have commenced, or who contemplate beginning, a course of preparation for the gospel ministry. Such an account I esteem it a privilege to communicate to you; and you are at liberty to secure its publication in the American Quarterly Register, or the Boston Recorder, or to make such other disposition of it as your judgment shall dictate. I believe that many young men of piety and respectable talents, who would gladly be prepared to declare the glad tidings of the gospel to their perishing fellow-men, are deterred from entering upon a course of preparation by the forbidding and peremptory monitions of poverty. And probably not a few who have begun their preparatory education, are often tempted to return to the field or the mechanic's shop, to avoid the painful struggles which arise from the same source. If the subsequent history of one of poverty's children shall tend to encourage the latter to persevere in their course, and determine the former to begin, then will the writer rejoice that he has not labored in vain, nor spent his strength for naught.'

Truly Yours,

E. was born in Massachusetts soon after the commencement of the present century. His parents were poor, both in the good things of this world, and, what was far worse, destitute of faith. Neither of them had made a profession of religion; neither of them was hopefully pious. His father was a mechanic; and, having quite a large family, could barely earn enough in a year to meet his current expenses. His advantages for acquiring what is termed a common school education, were extremely limited. His parents having acquired hardly the first rudiments of learning, were not prepared to feel the importance of giving their son opportunity and means of obtaining much more knowledge than themselves possessed. As soon as he became old enough to handle the hammer and the saw, he was deprived of the eight or ten weeks' summer school, and required to aid his father in mechanical business. After that period, the principal means he enjoyed of obtaining the rudiments of a common education, was the winter school. This generally commenced the first of December and closed the latter part of February. At that time, and in the place of his nativity, he was the schoolmaster usually employed, who would keep the greatest number of weeks for the minimum compensation. And if a scholar then could read with a loud voice, and utter his words with unusual rapidity, he was considered an unusually good reader. If he could "do a sum" in the Double Rule of Three, and spell fluently words of three syllables, and write his name with tolerable legibility, he was regarded as having "finished his education." Having lived the first dozen years of his life in such a place, and in such unfavorable circumstances, it is not to be wondered at if at that age E. found himself not only the son of poverty, but the child of great ignorance. Of English grammar, he knew nothing. Geography, he had scarcely heard named. Of history, sacred or pro

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fane, he had read but very few pages. The ordinary rules of composition had never been brought within his reach; so that, had he attempted to write a letter to a friend, the meaning could hardly have been decyphered.

Before E. had entered his fourteenth year, he became hopefully pious. He united with the Congregational church in his native town. The clergyman of the place, after considerable conversation with him, began to manifest an interest in his behalf, and often directed his attention to the ministry. He began to feel, soon after his hopeful conversion, that it would be a great privilege to declare the Saviour to perishing sinners, provided he could only be prepared for the great and responsible work. "But how can I think of such a thing?” he inquires. "My father is a poor man-he needs my help-he cannot and will not permit me to begin a course of study. I dare not propose the thing to him. Besides, who am I—an obscure, ignorant individual-that I should aspire to the honor of preaching to others the unsearchable riches of Christ." Thoughts like these, for a while seemed utterly to forbid his looking forward to so great and glorious a work. Still, he could not long at a time rest easy. Often the work of the ministry would present itself so forcibly to his mind, that he felt as though he must break through every obstruction, and prepare for it. Then again his circumstances all appeared to be so forbidding, that he could not summon resolution to take the first step towards preparation. Thus his mind vacillated between ardent desires to begin the preparatory process to this great work and despair of ever accomplishing the object, for nearly two years. Meanwhile his services were becoming more and more valuable to his father; and of course the difficulty of obtaining his consent to relinquishing future claim upon his son's time and labor, was constantly augmenting. But at length, after frequent consultation with the clergyman above named, and looking repeatedly to God for guidance, E. disclosed his feelings to his parents. His mother objected. His father, who had then become hopefully pious, did not absolutely refuse to listen to him; but gave him no reason to hope that his desires could be gratified. Thus all the expectations which he had permitted himself to indulge, were at once blighted. It was his duty to obey his parents; and besides, they greatly needed his labor. He continued to work with his father-still pondering upon the great object which had for two years engrossed many of his thoughts; and which had greatly increased his love of books and his love of study. When he was sixteen and a half years of age, his father, after many struggles with interest and probably prejudice, and repeated solicitations from some ministers of the gospel, was prevailed upon to yield a reluctant assent to his wishes. This obstruction removed, others equally formidable presented themselves. He had no classical books-and what was worse, he had no money with which to purchase them. He had no friends, or thought he had none, to whom he could repair for the pecuniary aid he needed. But his minister, kindly interesting himself in his behalf, made his case known to some members of the church, and to one or two clergymen at a distance. Through their instrumentality, arrangements were at length made by which he might, if he would go some sixty miles from home and take up his abode as a "charity scholar" amongst entire strangers, receive instruction in classical studies. So with much effort, he obtained money enough to purchase a Latin grammar, and on the 12th of August, 18—, began his journey to WAt that time, he was extremely diffident; or rather, oppressed with bashfulness. He could hardly hold up his head, if he met a man in the street; and, having seen but a little of society, he was not prepared to make a very favorable impression upon strangers. Under all his disadvantages, however, he felt that he must go forward. So, with a pack, the contents of which, together with the clothes upon his back, would hardly have commanded twenty-five dollars, he wended his way towards WNow walking, and now riding, he was able to get about one half of the distance the first day. He had a letter of introduction to Mr. of R. Having arrived at R- he presented his letter. Mr. —, having read it, surveyed him very leisurely, and began to question him. E., unpolished and uncouth as he was, and withal having nothing prepossessing in his external conformation, and nothing in his dress to commend him, but a long, coarse, greyish coat and satinet pantaloons considerably worn, now imagines that he must have made rather a sorry appear

of W

was

ance. Mr. treated him kindly, gave him some good advice, and told him that possibly something might be done for him at R- -, provided he should not succeed at W. Next morning, with no very consolatory forebodings, and leaving no enviable impression behind, he proceeded on his journey. Weary and worn with a long walk over muddy roads, he presented himself in the evening before Mr. In a day or two, appearances were not so flattering as he anticipated, he became homesick, disheartened, and anxious to leave. He felt that he could not remain there; and after expressing in a bashful manner his thanks for favors received, he returned to R- Mr. greatly surprised to see him, and knew not at first what course to pursue. E. saw the state of things, and proposed, or at least thought strongly of returning to the labors of the mechanic. But through the Christian kindness of Mr. he was induced to stay for a short period. Mr. found in him the power of somewhat rapid acquisition of knowledge, and providing one week for his board the next, and hearing his recitations himself, he had the pleasure of presenting him the ensuing autumn, for admission to college. With all his want of prepossessing exterior, and his uncouthness, E. was admitted a member of the freshmen class. He regrets now that he had not been more thoroughly fitted to enter college; but by studying from fourteen to sixteen hours per day, with a delight that never diminished and a vigor that never flagged, he was so well prepared that he was readily admitted. During his collegiate course, numerous were his struggles with poverty, many were his discouragements. He received occasionally some little charitable assistance. By teaching a school in the winter, he was enabled to meet a part of his expenses. In his dress, he was obliged to practise strict economy, and at times, to say that his dress was decent, would have been stretching that term to its lowest meaning. Still he felt that he must go forward. He can now reflect on many hours of sadness, in which, as he looked over his embarrassments and anticipated the future, he was strongly tempted to relinquish his studies, and give up all thought of ever entering the ministry. Not knowing from what source to derive the means of purchasing needful books, or to procure his necessary raiment, being unable to tell how he should meet the demands of his next bill for tuition and board, and trembling in view of a debt already contracted, and constantly accumulating, it seemed to him at times as though he could not proceed. Then looking again upon the wants of the world, and reflecting that God will provide for him who conscientiously pursues the path of duty, he felt it his duty to trust in God and advance. Thus he struggled along through college. With all his pecuniary embarrassments, together with occasional ill health, he was numbered amongst the first in his class, and left the walls of his Alma Mater with gratitude to God that he had been enabled to persevere thus far. Still his poverty seemed to impede his progress. He was considerably involved in debt. Should he commence the study of his profession, or by teaching a school, endeavor first to liquidate his pecuniary obligations? These were the questions which agitated his mind.

For a season, he engaged in the business of instruction. Having pursued this for nearly a year, he began the study of theology, with a worthy private instructor. He had not the means requisite to study at a theological seminary, as he thought; but the principal reason why he did not resort to such an institution was, he had not been apprised of the advantages which it would afford him. He now regrets on many accounts that he did not pursue the most thorough course of theological instruction, which any of our public institutions prescribe. As it was, he went through the system usually pursued by his instructor's students, and then received approbation to commence preaching. By the Divine blessing he was soon settled in the gospel ministry, and, in a little time, was enabled to pay the debt which he had contracted in obtaining his education. He has continued till the present time, laboring where he was first settled. His labors have been blessed at different times; and there is reason to believe that he will have a goodly number of "souls for his hire." His people appear to be happily united in him, and their attachment to him seems to have been yearly increasing. God grant that his usefulness may be augmented a hundred fold.

To the above brief account, dear Sir, allow me to subjoin a few remarks.

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