Ducentis quadraginta septem quum plures Romanus 7 quam Poenus recepisset argentumque pro eis debitum, saepe iactata in senatu re, quoniam non consuluisset patres, tardius erogaretur, inviolatum ab8 hoste agrum, misso Romam Quinto filio, vendidit, fidemque publicam impendio privato exsolvit. Hannibal pro Gereoni moenibus, cuius urbis 9 captae atque incensae ab se in usum horreorum pauca reliquerat tecta, in stativis erat. Inde fru- 10 on the distributive use of in, like Gk. ává (Xen. An. 4, 6, 4), cf. 52, 2; 54, 2; 58, 4; Rob. 1970. 7. Ducentis, Madv.: P, C give ciphers CC: vulg. ducentos. Fabius had received back more prisoners than the Carthaginians by 247'; for abl. cf. 5, 30, 7 legem una plures tribus antiquarunt quam iusserunt, 'the tribes by a majority of one rejected the law'. Plut. 1. c. makes the number 240. saepe iactata, &c., 'after the matter had been frequently discussed'; cf. 3, 10, in.; 10, 37, m.; Tac. H. 2, 10: for a different sense, cf. 21, 48, 7. quoniam, &c., gives reason for tardius, 'rather (or 'too') slowly'; on this absolute use of comparative cf. Madv. 308. See § 5. 8. erogaretur, late MSS., P and many others rogaretur: translate 'there was some delay in voting the money'; the verb implies that the consent of the people was first asked (rogare), before the supplies could be drawn from the treasury, cf. 1, 20, 6: so abrogo, derogo. agrum: this small property of a little over four acres English was situated in the Pupinian tribe, between Rome and Gabii; cf. 26, 9, 2; sup. § 4. According to Val Max. 4, 4, 4 the soil was sterile atque aestuosissimum. fidemque, &c., 'discharged the obligation of the state at his private expense': fides the promise which Fabius had given in the name of Rome. 9. Gereoni, cf. 7, 5; 24, 10: for the town see 18, 7, where desertam hardly agrees with captae, and would seem to imply that Livy derived it from a different source. Pol. 3, 100, 4 also states that Hann. captured it after a short siege, but left most of the houses uninjured. Cf. 9, 2 perpopulato, which shows Livy's bias against Hannibal. cuius...tecta: for separation cf. 12, 11. pauca r. tecta, late MSS.: the text of P is here very corrupt caucalegiquaeratratecta, which is but slightly improved by a second hand to paucalegiqua' erattecta. Livy's narrative departs from that of Pol. 1. c., who does not mention that the town was set on fire, but states that Hann. τοὺς μὲν οἰκήτορας κατέφθειρε, τὰς δὲ πλείστας οἰκίας ἀκεραίους διεφύλαξε καὶ τὰ τείχη, βουλόμενος σιτοβολίοις χρήσασθαι πρὸς τὴν παραxeuaolav. Weiss. inserts haud before pauca. in stativis erat, corr. Gron. : P1 has the corrupt instituisese 1 mentatum duas exercitus partes mittebat; cum tertia ipse expedita in statione erat, simul castris praesidio et circumspectans, necunde impetus in frumentatores fieret. XXIV. While Fabius is at Rome Minucius attacks and defeats the foraging party of Carthaginians. Others attribute the victory to the Samnite Numerius. Romanus tunc exercitus in agro Larinati erat; praeerat Minucius magister equitum, profecto, sicut 2 ante dictum est, ad urbem dictatore. Ceterum castra, quae in monte alto ac tuto loco posita fuerant, iam in planum deferuntur; agitabanturque pro ingenio ducis consilia calidiora, ut impetus aut in frumentatores palatos aut in castra relicta cum levi rat. Cf. 9, 4; 21, 48, 7. The word hiberna would have better coincided with Polybius. 10. duas...partes, 'two thirds', cf. 24, 4; 21, 40, 7. mittebat, imperf. because, as Pol. 1. c. states, he was in the habit of sending them out daily. cum tertia, &c., 'he himself remained on guard with the third division ready to move'. Cf. 12, 9. praesidio, note predicative dat. in apposition, for ut p. esset, as in 57, 7; Rob. LIII. a; so 59, 9: cf. 21, 21, 13; ib. 34, 8. circumspectans, for change of construction cf. 2, 11 gravante... et quia; 21, 18, 1. necundene alicunde, cf. 2, 3. 2. alto qualifies loco, not monte; cf. 18, 6. Pol. 3, 101 states that the name of the mountain-top was Kaλývn (al. Kaλnλn), lying between the Sam nite rivers Frento and Tifernus, in the territory of Larinum. planum, cf. 21, 32, 7; Sall. I. 49, 5; Nägelsb. 79; deferuntur, cf. 15, 12; 21, 34, 4; for another sense cf. ib. 6, 5. agitabanturque, &c., 'rasher plans were proposed in accordance with the general's temper': with calidus compare Eng. hotheaded'; Amphis 1, 10 (3, 316 Meineke Frag. Com. G.) Spậ Tɩ kai veaviкòv kaì Depμóv: so Luc. Timon 2 epμovрyòs ȧvýρ of Salmoneus. Cf. 35, 32, 13 consilia calida et audacia. Cf. use of fervidus Sil. It. 7, 34. For pro cf. 21, 29, 3. ut impetus, &c., 'for an attack', lit. 'so that an attack might be made' &c., epexegetical of consilia, not, so that an attack was made', as some understand it. palatos, cf. 17, 4; 21, 61, 2. levi, 'slender', 'inconsiderable'. praesidio fieret. Nec Hannibalem fefellit, cum 3 duce mutatam esse belli rationem et ferocius quam consultius rem hostes gesturos; ipse autem, quod 4 minime quis crederet, quum hostis propius esset, tertiam partem militum frumentatum, duabus in castris retentis, dimisit; dein castra ipsa propius 5 hostem movit, duo ferme a Gereonio milia, in tumulum hosti conspectum, ut intentum sciret esse ad frumentatores, si qua vis fieret, tutandos. Propior 6 3. fefellit, 'did it escape the notice of H.', cf. 16, 5; 21, 57, 7; see also ib. 48, 5. ferocius quam consultius, 'with more boldness than prudence'; note the second comparative, by which the attribute is negatived, as in 38, 8; 47, 3; 41, 10, in.; see also sup. 22, 6; Madv. 307. rem...gesturos, 'would fight', cf. 25, 6; 21, 40, 3; 28, 2, m.; 25, 22, in., where rem was omitted before Gron. maintained its necessity. Cf. 21, 49, 13 gestarum rerum, military exploits', 'achievements'. 4. ipse, &c., i.e. it seemed incredible that Hann. should have weakened himself by sending out so strong a detachment, when so close to a formidable enemy. But Livy apparently forgets his previous statement 23, 10, from which it is obvious that Hann. reduced the foraging division, under the altered circumstances. Hannibal's object was to collect a large quantity of supplies for the winter at Gereonium, for which he had no time to lose; cf. Pol. 3, 100, 8. crederet, sc. eum facturum esse, cf. 21, 4, 3. Liv. had already used this phrase 5, 7, 1. On the Potential Mood, cf. Madv. 350; Rob. 1534. See 54, 10. Rup. regards this sentence as foisted in by a gloss-writer. quum licet, although': propius, i. e. 'nearer' than they were at first: the force of the comparative is here usually neglected. frumentatum, the supines are properly the acc. and abl. cases of verbals with stem in u-, the former denoting goal of motion, cf. use of accs. exequias, infitias, suppetias. 5. propius, cf. 21, 1, 2. movit, not quite accurate, cf. § 10; rather he established another temporary camp, leaving his baggage in the original camp; cf. Pol. 3, 101. Gereonio, cf. 23, 9: for milia cf. 21, 59, 1. hosti, edd. before Aldus 1518: hostium P: for dat. after passive cf. 21, 34, 9; Madv. 250, a: cf. use of such compounds as inopinatus, intemptatus with dat. conspectum, 'visible': conspicabilis is not used in good Latin. Cf. 4, 6: for conspici=conspicuus esse cf. 1, 47, 5; Iuv. 8, 140. intentum refers to Hann. ; Müll. after Geist inserts se; but cf. 21, 18, 14: the subject of sciret is hostis understood. si qua, &c., if any attack should be made': the fem. qua inde ei atque ipsis imminens Romanorum castris tumulus apparuit; ad quem capiendum si luce palam iretur, quia haud dubie hostis breviore via praeventu7 rus erat, nocte clam missi Numidae ceperunt. Quos tenentes locum contempta paucitate Romani postero die quum deiecissent, ipsi eo transferunt castra. 8 Tum utique exiguum spatii vallum a vallo aberat, et id ipsum totum prope compleverat Romana acies. Simul et per aversa a castris Hannibalis equi of indef. pron. is more usual than quae; cf. Virg. A. 7, 4; Madv. 90, 1 (n.): as si quis often quicunque, so eť Tis=8σTis, cf. Soph. El. 356. 6. Propior, &c. Then there appeared to him high ground still nearer' to the enemy: with propior supply hostem, cf. § 5: some take inde in local sense, but cf. Pol. 3, 101, 5 μeтà dè TaÛTа: ei goes with apparuit, but Weiss. wrongly understands it as hosti. ad quem, &c.: the protasis =quia, si ad eum c. t. p. i., the apodosis haud d. hostis, &c. Cf. 21, 6, 4. Gron. strikes out ceperunt, connecting ad quem c. with missi. luce palam...nocte clam, note double opposition of time and manner, with asyndeton, as usual in synonymous notions. Cf. 22, 15; Cic. Off. 3, 24, 93. iretur, subj.as expressing Hannibal's thought; cf. § 9; 28, 3, and 13; 43, 11. See also 21, 5, 11. Numidae, Pol. 3, 101 gives their number as 2000 spearmen; cf. § 7; 48, 2; 21, 22, 3. The Numidians were the most formidable portion of Hannibal's army; cf. 13, 10; 21, 46, 5—9; Momms. 2, 44. 7. deiecissent Gron.: iecis sent P and best MSS.: vulg. eiecissent; for deicio depello, deturbo, i. e. to dislodge troops from a strong or lofty position, cf. 4, 53, m.; 44, 39, f. 8. Tum utique Weiss. (cf. 21, 54, 9), Ussing: tum ut itaque P and one of the best MSS., which vulg. reads omitting ut: Madv. after Ussing omits tum ut and reads itaque, thinking that they represent tumuli, at first added to eo and then misplaced. Translate, 'One rampart was now but a very small distance from the other, and this space was almost completely filled by the Roman troops'. See 16, 1. For utique='quite', cf. 27, 2: with acc. exig. spatii cf. Caes. B. G. 2, 17, m. cum magnum spatium abessent; Madv. 234 b, obs. See also 12, 8. totum, edd. before 1518 (Aldus): tota P and most MSS.: so Hwg. who connects prope with it. per aversa a castris H. (Madv.) 'from the side (of the Roman camp) which was most remote from that of Hann.', i.e. the porta decumana (Tac. A. 1, 66), whereas the heavy-armed (acies) marched through the p. praetoria facing the enemy (Pol. 3, 102), the other two being called respectively p. principalis dextra and tatus cum levi armatura emissus in frumentatores late caedem fugamque hostium palatorum fecit. Nec 9 acie certare Hannibal ausus, quia tanta paucitate vix castra, si oppugnarentur, tutari poterat; iamque artibus Fabi (pars exercitus aberat) iam ferme se- 10 dendo et cunctando bellum gerebat, receperatque sinistra; cf. 21, 59, 6; P and most 7, 40, in.: Stroth. and Gron. MSS.afteraversa read castra e cas- insert dum before pars, without tris (so vulg. substituting prep. authority. Fab. accepts Heua): one of best MSS. omits prep. singer's conj., including iam ferFab. and Hwg. followed by Lu- me in the parenthesis, comparing terb. retain MS. read., omitting for the postposition of ferme 21, e. c. H. as a gloss. Cf. 10, 34, in.; 52,9; but to say that 'a part of his but the phrase aversa castra = the army was now for the most part opposite side of the camp, which absent' seems a strange expreswas farthest from the enemy, is sion. Müll. and Luterb. after grammatically suspicious: Rup. Hertz strike out pars...ferme, supports it by 5, 29, in. per while Wölf. inserts them parenaversa urbis, the more distant thetically thus, paucitate, nam parts of the city'; 27, 41, m. pars &c., omitting iam ferme. in aversis vallibus, 'the valleys But as P and most MSS. read which lay behind them'. Weiss. fame for ferme I would suggest thinks there is a gap and conj. fame coacta, which might have castra, ne conspici posset e. c. H. dropped out from its similarity emissus, elsewhere Liv. uses to the first part of cunctando: plur. in such combinations, cf. and this is supported by Pol. 21, 4; 21, 60, 7. 3, 101, who says that Hann. was compelled (vayκáčeтo) to detach portions of his army to procure supplies. In consequence of an attack upon the Carthaginian camp, Hann. hastened back to Gereonium; cf. 23, 9. fugam...f., cf. 13, 10; 21, 52, 10; ib. 55, 7; ib. 55, 1, where it stands absolutely. palatorum, cf. 17, 5; 21, 61, 2. 9. Nec, &c. 'Nevertheless (though H. saw his troops cut to pieces, cf. § 2), he did not venture' &c. paucitate, cf. § 4. Editors from Stroth to Madv. have found fault with the tautology of the words pars...ferme: hence the latter has reconstructed the text thus, q. t. pars e. a. et iam ea paucitate &c., omitting ferme: I have preferred to retain the vulg. which, though faulty in point of style, is less so than the violent alterations of some editors; for repetition of iam cf. 10. artibus Fabi, 'according to the tactics of F.', cf. 32, 1; 34, 7: for the spelling cf. § 11, and 23, 9. sedendo, gerund in apposition, cf. 21, 11, 3; 6, 20, 8 oratione, facta dictis aequando; Nägelsb. 114: for sedes cf. 21, 48, 10. cunctando. Cf. 12, 12 (Sil. 7, 91-102); Ennius quoted 21, 18, 1; Virg. A. 6, 846. Sil. 1. c. characterizes Fabius as arte bellandi lento similis. Cf. Sen. Ben. 4, 26: ib. Ira 1, 11 quo alio Fabius affectas imperii vires recre |