J suos in priora castra, quae pro Gereoni moenibus 11 erant.Iusta quoque acie et collatis signis dimicatum, quidam auctores sunt; primo concursu Poenum usque ad castra fusum; inde eruptione facta repente versum terrorem in Romanos; Numeri Decimi Samnitis deinde interventu proelium restitutum. 12 Hunc principem genere ac divitiis non Boviani modo, unde erat, sed toto Samnio, iussu dictatoris octo avit, quam quod cunctari et trahere et morari scivit? 11. Iusta, &c. 'Some writers state that a pitched battle (regular engagement') was fought'; for iustus cf. 28, 13; 21, 8, 7; 38, 22, m. (where it qualifies arma): collatis signis means that the standards of the Carthaginians were brought face to face with the Roman eagles, cf. 1, 33, 5: these words are again combined 23, 40, f.: auctores probably alludes to Fabius Pictor amongst others; see also Pol. 1. c.; for the phrase cf. 21, 38, 4; 8, 6, in. Numeri Decimi, corr. Sigonius: numeris deciri P. This Oscan praenomen given to the Cluentii, Fabii and Furii meant, according to Varro, one who was quickly (numero) born. Decimius is aπαğ Xey., and is another form of the numeral Decimus, as Septimius of Septimus, like Octavius &c. interventu, cf. 10, 19, f. Pol. says nothing about Decimius, while Zon. 8, 26 states that the approach of some Samnite auxiliaries gave the Carthaginians the idea that Fabius himself was advancing against them. 12. Hunc...praebuisse: this and the following accuss. with infin. to the end of the chap. depend on quidam auctores sunt § 11. Boviani, Bovianum (mod. Bojano, though Momms. places it 20 miles from that town) was the capital of the Pentri in Samnium; cf. 9, 31, 4. This fortified city was four times besieged by the Romans during the Samnite wars; and during the Social War it took the place of Corfinium, when the latter fell. It was almost destroyed by an earthquake A.D. 853. Cf. L. 9, 28 and 44; L. 10, 12; L. 25, 13; Sil. 8, 566 Boviania quique exagitant lustra (which Riddle and White wrongly quote as castra, giving the reference bk. 9). unde erat, 'his birthplace', native town'. Samnio, abl. of place where= locative, Rob. 1168; for Boviani in same sense cf. Madv. 296. iussu dictatoris. The dictator is here acting as consul, in determining the number of troops which the Samnites should send, in accordance with their lists or formula; cf. 57, 10. The total amount of reinforcements for the year, to be furnished by the allies, was previously fixed ex senatusconsulto. The separate contingents were commanded by their own officers (cf. 23, 19, f.), but on arriving at their rendezvous were placed under the authority of one of the 12 praefecti milia peditum et equites quingentos ducentem in castra, ab tergo quum apparuisset Hannibali, speciem parti utrique praebuisse novi praesidii cum Q. Fabio ab Roma venientis. Hannibalem, insidiarum quoque 13 aliquid timentem, recepisse suos; Romanum insecutum adiuvante Samnite duo castella eo die expugnasse. Sex milia hostium caesa, quinque admodum 14 Romanorum; tamen in tam pari prope clade vanam famam egregiae victoriae cum vanioribus litteris magistri equitum Romam perlatam. XXV. Speech of the tribune Metilius against Fabius, in which he proposes that Minucius should have equal authority. The praetor C. Terentius Varro seconds the motion. De his rebus persaepe et in senatu et in contione 1 (cf. 23, 7, in.), corresponding to the 12 tribuni militum of the Romans, cf. 8, 36, m. Their names show that they were Roman citizens, cf. 42, 4. quingentos Gron. (in cipher D): P and most MSS. et equites adducentem: whence some old edd. read ad D ducentem; others ducentos adducentem: Hwg. adopts conj. of Alsch. p. mille e. adducentem, regarding et (&) as an error for ∞. speciem...praebuisse. 2, 6. Cf. 21, utrique late MSS.: Putriusque. praesidii, reinforcements', cf. nova auxilia 8, 25, m. Livy constantly uses praesidium=a band of soldiers; cf. 7, 34, m.; ib. 36, in. ab R. For the prep. cf. 21, 13, 7. 13. duo castella, alluding probably to the abandoned camp referred to in § 5, and the Carthaginian position described in § 7. 14. quinque, sc. milia. Cf. 21, 59, 1. admodum, 'nearly', 'about'; cf. 21, 36, 2. tamen in, &c., 'but although the loss was so nearly equal' (or 'in spite of the loss being' &c.); cf. 21, 55, 10: for in denoting the circumstances under which something happens, hence often propter, cf. 10, 8; 22, 19. = vanam, 'false', 'boastful'; cf. Virg. A. 1, 392; the word is explained by Aul. Gell. 18, 4, 10: this adj., which is involved in the following comparative, is inserted, without MS. authority, by Wölf., who compares 33, 44, 7 vana spes ex vaniore rumore orta; cf. 9, 9, 15. litteris. Zonaras 8, 26 informs us that in the despatch Minucius described Fabius not only as cunctator (μeλrns), but also as playing into the hands of Carthage. 1. senatu. For the hostility 2 actum est. Quum, laeta civitate, dictator unus nihil nec famae nec litteris crederet et, ut vera omnia essent, secunda se magis quam adversa timere dice3 ret, tum M. Metilius tribunus plebis id enimvero contione, 'the assembly of the people', explained by § 3: senatus and contio are again opposed in Tac. A. 4, 40, f. 2. laeta, abl. of attendant circumstances, Rob. 1240; Madv. 277: cf. § 14. of many of the senators to Fabius intercessio, which was employed cf. 12; 23, 8. as early as B.c. 480; cf. 2, 44, in. Their exercise of the ius auxilii in the case of military conscriptions, analogous to the privilege of modern parliament to refuse supplies, paved the way to their future influence; cf. Ihne Early Rome, p. 139. Respecting the fatal results of the veto Mommsen observes: "The bold experiment of allowing the leaders of the opposition a constitutional veto, and of investing them with power to assert it regardless of the consequences, proved to be an expedient by which the State was politically unhinged." Val. Max. 2, 2, 7 tells us that such decrees of the Senate as met with their approval they marked with the letter T. et. This, though without MS. authority, is adopted by most mod. edd.; Gron. prefers the asyndeton. ut, &c., although ('granting that') all might be true'; cf. 21, 47, 5; Rob. 1706. secunda; cf. 23, 3; 27, 40, 4 multa secunda gesta; for this substantival use of adj. cf. 21, 35, 4. 3. tum. Cf. 21, 25, 12. Metilius corr. Sigon., P and most MSS. metellus; so Hwg. prefers Metellus; but Plut. Fab. 7, 8, 9 (p. 141 ed. Feuilleret) calls him Μετίλιος οἰκεῖος Μινουκίου τοῦ inπáρxoυ, and the name M. Metilius recurs 25, 22, 2, where he is sent by the Senate to the consuls as legatus B.C. 212. Another tribune of the same name is mentioned 5, 11, sub in. id enimvero, &c., 'said that this was really not to be endured': Bauer thinks that vero was omitted either by Livy or the copyists: P enim: edd. before Aldus unum enim vero. The vulg. may be defended by supplying the ellipsis thus: 'Metilius must now speak, for' &c.; cf. 3, 39, f.; Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 90; or we may regard it simply as an emphatic particle, as in Virg. A. 10, 874; ib. G. 2, 509 (with note 51 in my Selections, p. 76); Nägelsb. 624. But the text is amply supported by Cic. Verr. 1, 26, 66 Hic tum alius tribunus plebis. The Tribunes of the Commons (púλapxo) were elected after the Secession to the Sacred Hill B. c. 494, which Arn. 1, 149 says was to the Romans what Runnymede was to the English. The first two appointed were C. Licinius and L. Albinus, ex alia parte: enimvero ferendum and these were sacrosancti, possessing the right of auxilii latio adversus consules, 2, 33, in., and also that of Veto (6, 35, f.) or hoc non est: vocetur mulier; 31, 30, in., where Liv. again uses it to express indignation. Cf. Gk. ảλλà yáp, Soph. Aj. 167; Madv. ferendum esse negat, non praesentem solum dicta- 4 torem obstitisse rei bene gerendae, sed absentem etiam gestae obstare, et in ducendo bello sedulo tempus terere, quo diutius in magistratu sit solusque et Romae et in exercitu imperium habeat; quippe 5 consulum alterum in acie cecidisse, alterum specie classis Punicae persequendae procul ab Italia ablegatum; duos praetores Sicilia atque Sardinia occupatos, 6 quarum neutra hoc tempore provincia praetore egeat; G. S. 279. See also 3, 10; 21, 18, 9; 1, 51, 8. esse negat non esse dicit, on which the following oratio obl. depends; cf. Cic. Att. 7, 15; this usage is found also with nescio and nolo, the second clause becoming affirmative, after a prefixed negative. Cf. où onuí in Gk. 4. obstitisse, &c., 'not only had (formerly, cf. 18, 9) resisted an attempt at success, but was now resisting it when achieved', i.e. by preventing a due recognition of it; cf. Sall. C. 52, 31: for the gerundive and past part. cf. 21, 21, 8. in ducendo, &c., 'he purposely wasted the time while he protracted the war'. Bauer unreasonably objects to the prep., and Rup. suggests ita; but though we have the simple abl. 21, 11, 3, we find the prep. used as in text 1, 57, 9, and elsewhere in Livy: cf. Caes. B. G. 5, 11 in his rebus dies x consumit: for duco cf. Tac. A. 2, 34; in 28, 32, m. bellum ducere pro bello habere. sedulo old edd., ac sedulo P and most MSS.: Drak, defends this as et equidem, cf. 21, 4, 1. terere, Rup. reads trahere, cf. 5, 10, m. diutius, i.e. longer than the Dictator's usual tenure of office, viz. six months; cf. 8, 5; 23, 23, 2. He was expected to resign his office as soon as the special purpose for which he was elected had been accomplished. Exceptions to this rule were Sulla and Caesar, who were appointed Dictators for life. Cf. Merivale Fall of Rom. Rep. pp. 139, 385. 5. quippe, inasmuch as', gives reason of foregoing: Madv. places full stop after habeat: for quippe with participle, like utpote and Gk. äre, cf. 5, 14, in.; Hor. O. 1, 31, 13. alterum... cecidisse refers to Flaminius, 6, 4: alterum...abl. = Servilius, 11, 7. = = specie, 'under the pretence' ('colour') of'; for construction cf. 1, 41, 6: so 2, 32, in. per causam Tрopáσe. Fabius' object, they meant, was to keep Servilius away from Rome, lest he might hold the elections for a new consul, and interfere with his authority. ablegatum, 'was sent away', 'despatched', in military sense, (not 'banished', Ch. and B., see 21, 10, 3); cf. 24, 26, m. 6. praetores, i. e. T. Otacilius Crassus (23, 31, m.), cf. 10, 10; 31, 6; 56, 6; and A. Cornelius Mammula, cf. 23, 21, 4; 33, 44, in. quarum, two late MSS.: quorum M. Minucium magistrum equitum, ne hostem videret, ne quid rei bellicae gereret, prope in custodia habi7 tum. Itaque hercule non Samnium modo, quo iam tanquam trans Hiberum agro Poenis concessum sit, sed Campanum Calenumque et Falernum agrum P. If we retain quorum it will refer to praetorum understood, and be governed by provincia, which is a harsh way of expressing' though neither of their provinces needed a praetor': Voss, followed by Stroth, suggests quum: Crév. reads quorum, omitting praetore; H. J. Müll. rejects provincia; the text as it stands is undoubtedly awkward, but I would suggest the slight change of provinciarum, which would simplify the relative, and is explicable on the ground that a copyist might easily make it agree with the nearer rather than the more distant word. ne quid, &c., 'that he might undertake no military operation': bellicae is read. of P and two of the best MSS.: most of the late MSS. have publicae. Livy frequently uses the phrase rempublicam (= bellum) gerere, or administrare, cf. 27, 6, m.; 30, 41, f.; Plaut. Amph. 1, 1, 42. custodia, corr. Ascensius ed. 1513: P and most MSS. custodiam (so Rup. Fab. Tauchn. &c.); cf. Tac. H. 1, 87 (Ryckii MS. custodia): for this use of the accus. where we should have expected abl. cf. 33, 10, in. in animum habebat; 8, 2, m. in carcerem asservari; Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 123. Madv. 230, 2 (n.) observes that the accus., which is given by many MSS. in such phrases, arose from mispronunciation, though we do not find in vincla habere or in imperium esse. The acc. may be explained as a pregnant construction involving the idea that 'he was put into prison and kept there'. Rid. and White explain 20, 6 in usum fuit lit. came into use and continued so'; but surely in usum rather depends on satis. Cf. Sall. I. 61, 2; ib. 112, 3; Virg. Ec. 6, 27; Nägelsb. 405. See 21, 56, 2. 7. Itaque, &c. 'And so, good heavens! not only Samnium, from which we have now retired before the Carthaginians, as though it were a district beyond the Iberus': quo abl. of separation, Poenis=dat. commodi; for construction cf. 28, 12, 6; 45, 11, f. nisi sibi tota Cypro cederet; Madv. 262: for the attributive use of trans Hiberum, cf. 8, 1; 9, 5 circa A. regionem; 21, 36, 6. The allusion is to the treaty with Hasdrubal в.c. 226, by which Spain south of the Iberus was given up to Carthage; cf. 21, 2, 7. concessum edd. before Aldus: P congressum (2nd hand congessum). sit, sed C2: sitit sed C: sitit et P: late MSS. sed et: vulg. sit, et where et = 'but also'; for omission of sed to emphasize antithesis, cf. 9, 3; Tac. A. 4, 351. Walk. suggests a comma after tutante, understanding verum etiam before exercitum. Campanum, cf. 13, 3; 15, 4: for the other districts cf. 13, 6 |