res gesta; sed exorti repente insidiatores eum tumul- 14 tum terroremque in latera utrinque ab tergoque incursantes fecerunt, ut neque animus ad pugnam neque ad fugam spes cuiquam superesset. XXIX. Fabius, perceiving the disorder of the Romans, hastens to the rescue of his colleague, causing the Carthaginians to retreat. Minucius, repenting of his error, summons his troops to unite with those of Fabius. Tum Fabius, primo clamore paventium audito, 1 dein conspecta procul turbata acie, "Ita est" inquit; "non celerius, quam timui, deprendit fortuna temeriFabio aequatus imperio Hannibalem et vir- 2 tatem. 14. insidiatores, cf. 28, 5. eum...ut, 'such...that'; cf. 3, 53, in. ea postulavit, ut appareret; 8, 13, in.: ab tergoque, for position of enclitic cf. 17, 2. neque animus edd. before Aldus: P necui animus: animus ad p....ad f. spes, note Chiasmus, emphasizing the contrast; cf. 31, 4; 21, 21, 11. Liv. has a remarkable instance in 9, 12, 3, where the chiastic formation extends to three members of the sentence; for other references cf. Nägelsb. 538: Kühn. 326. ad fugam, this construction, instead of gen., is due to preceding member; but cf. Cic. Att. 15, 20, 2. 1. Fabius, &c. Weiss. supposes that Liv. is here copying from Caelius, whose authority was Fabius Pictor, as the latter would naturally dwell upon his kinsman's services. paventium, for Livy's frequent use of part. as subst. cf. 7, 12; 42, 2; 21, 13, 2. Ita est, 'yes' ('just as I thought' or 'there it is'), con firming a foregoing reflection, cf. 27, 8. On the distinction between ita and itaque, cf. Nägelsb. 629. Cf. TOûT' EσT' ¿keîvo, Eur. Hel. 622; τόδ' ἐκεῖνο, ib. Med. 98. non celerius, 'just as quickly as I feared' (the phrase is to be explained thus-quickly indeed, but not more quickly' &c.). Plut. Fab. 12 however says, тáxιov μèv ἢ ἐγὼ προσεδόκων, βράδιον δ ̓ ἢ αὐτὸς ἔσπευδε Μινούκιος ἑαυτὸν àπо\wλeкe: hence Stroth would strike out non, so Bauer, on the ground that we should expect non tardius. deprendit (vulg. deprehendit), 'has overtaken': fortuna, sc. adversa; Fabius, on the other hand, would not rely upon fortune or chance for success; cf. 12, 2. 2. Fabio, i.e. F. is no longer his master, but H. is. For Lucian's estimate of Hannibal cf. D. M. 12, 7. aequatus, sc. Minucius, from allusion in temeritatem: for abl. imperio, cf. Virg. A. 7, 698; in 28, tute et fortuna superiorem videt. Sed aliud iurgandi succensendique tempus erit; nunc signa extra vallum proferte; victoriam hosti extorqueamus, confessionem 3 erroris civibus." Iam magna ex parte caesis aliis, aliis circumspectantibus fugam, Fabiana se acies re4 pente velut caelo demissa ad auxilium ostendit. Ita Minucius as well as the citizens 40, f. we find quo minus magistro equitum imperium aequaretur; of Rome, who had acted imRob. 1210. prudently in depriving Fabius of his supreme command. Cf. 23, virtute et fortuna, cf. 27, 4. 3. censure and resentment'), for a 3. magna e. p. refers to both like construction cf. 39, 9: members-'when already many iurgo=iure ago is a legal term had been slain, and many others = to sue at law, especially were looking about them for a neighbours, op. litigo; but often way to escape'; cf. 15, 2. Pol. =obiurgo: iurgium is strictly a 3, 105, 6 says that the loss was dispute in words, rixa a dis- greater among the legionary pute carried on with blows; cf. troops than among the lightTac. H. 1, 64; Hor. O. 1, 18, 8. armed - πολλοὺς ἀπολωλεκότες signa...proferte, ‘advance'; cf. Tŵv evšúvwv, ěti dÈ πXELOVS ÉK 42, 3; 9, 32, 5 signa extra τῶν ταγμάτων καὶ τοὺς ἀρίστους vallum proferri; see also § 5: avopas. The first aliis is wantfor signa='standards', onueîa, ing in most MSS., which may cf. 3, 11; for another meaning, be defended by 3, 37, f. virgis cf. 3, 9; 21, 14, 3. Signa were caedi, alii securi subici: so in properly the standards of co- correlation of μév...dé, the first horts, vexilla those of their sub- is often omitted; cf. Thuc. 4, divisions manipuli, while aquila 85, 4 (oỷк èπì кaкŵ.....); Hom. Il. was the standard of the en- 22, 157; Plat. Phil. 35. tire legion. Constantine however adopted the Labarum surmounted by the monogram of Christ as the imperial standard: see Gibbon, 2, 351 (Bohn). extorqueamus, cf. 36, 45, m. confessionem victis ... expresserunt; but after both verbs Cic. Prov. 3 has ab. For dat. hosti, &c. cf. Tac. A. 6, 23 exstractum custodiae. See also 21, 40, 2. civibus, 'fellow-citizens', our countrymen': as civis = concivis, SO TOXÍτηS=σνμπоλíтηs: cf. 6, 18, m.; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 53; Ov. F. 3, 282. The expression here probably includes the troops of = velut...demissa, cf. 17, 2; for a different construction cf. 21, 16, 2. For the simple abl. = motion from, cf. 1, 9; 8, 9, 10 sicut caelo missus; the regular form occurs 10, 8, f. de caelo demissos. In Greek and Latin authors 'heaven-sent'miraculous, is also used sarcastically, as in 7, 12, f.; Iuv. 2, 40; ib. 11, 27; Dem. Cher. 96, 15. See also 6, 18, m. Livy's words in text recur in Quint. 1, 6, 16. Silius (7, 536-729) without historical testimony represents Fabius as defeating the Carthaginians in a pitched battle. que priusquam ad coniectum teli veniret aut manum consereret, et suos a fuga effusa et ab nimis feroci pugna hostes continuit. Qui solutis ordinibus vage 5 dissipati erant, undique confugerunt ad integram aciem; qui plures simul terga dederant, conversi in hostem volventesque orbem nunc sensim referre pedem, nunc conglobati restare. Ac iam prope una 6 acies facta erat victi atque integri exercitus, inferebantque signa in hostem, quum Poenus receptui cecinit, palam ferente Hannibale, ab se Minucium, se ab Fabio victum. 4. ad coniectum t., cf. 15, 8. The meaning is that the mere appearance of the Fabian troops checked the flight of the soldiers of Minucius, without a blow being struck. The regular subject is acies, though Fabius might be supplied from Fabiana. For imperf. subj. after priusquam, cf. 4, 7; 8, 1; 21, 47, 3; ib. 61, 1; 1, 14, 11; Rob. 1672. For manum c., cf. 21, 1, 2; ib. 39, 3. suos...hostes, for chiasmus cf. 21, 21, 11. effusa, 'precipitate'; for other uses of effundi, cf. 3, 11; 19, 6; 43, 11; 21, 25, 8. ab nimis, M (2nd hand): animis (C 2nd h.): P, C, M ab animis. 5. Qui, &c., 'when the ranks had been broken and the men scattered hither and thither': vage (=sparsim, Tλavoμévws) occurs only here, 26, 39, f., and in Cornificius (?) ad Herennium. integram a., sc. Fabianam, to maintain one's position, standing on the defensive, from resisto to press forward against the enemy. = 6. Poenus Poeni, of course including the general. receptui, for the predicative dat., cf. 21, 59, 5. palam ferente, 'openly declared', cf. 29, 32, f. palam iam quis esset ferens; for this use of fero, cf. 14, 15; also Cic. Att. 13, 2 laetitiam apertissime tulimus; so palam proferimus, Ter. Adelp. 3, 2, 41; cf. op. occulte fert ib. 3, 2, 30; similarly pépeTai=fertur. See 30, 7. 7 Ita per variam fortunam diei maiore parte exacta, quum in castra reditum esset, Minucius, convocatis 8 militibus, “Saepe ego" inquit "audivi, milites, eum primum esse virum, qui ipse consulat, quid in rem sit, secundum eum, qui bene monenti obediat; qui nec ipse consulere nec alteri parere sciat, eum ex9 tremi ingenii esse. Nobis quoniam prima animi ingeniique negata sors est, secundam ac mediam teneamus et, dum imperare discimus, parere prudenti in Fabio, for Hannibal's recog- being a beggar. The literary nition of this general's excel- knowledge here implied probably lence cf. 12, 5; 30, 8; 21, 39, belongs to the historian rather 8. With the statement cf. Eu- than to the general. trop. 3, 9, f. is (Fabius) eum, differendo pugnam, ab impetu fregit: mox, inventa occasione, vicit. 9. 7. per v. f....exacta, cf. 18, 8. Saepe ego, for position of pron., cf. 21, 21, 3. primum optimum, cf. 21, 4, 8, 9, 1, in. p. bellatorem. The sentiment is borrowed from Hes. Ἔργ. κ. Ἡμ. 291 — 295, οὗτος μὲν πανάριστος, ὃς αὐτὸς πάντα νοήσῃ, Φρασσάμενος τά κ ̓ ἔπειτα καὶ ἐς τέλος ᾖσιν ἀμείνω· Εσθλὸς δ ̓ αὖ κἀκεῖνος, ὃς εὖ εἰπόντι πίθηται· Ὃς δέ κε μήτ ̓ αὐτὸς νοέῃ μήτ' ἄλλου ἀκούων Ἐν θυμῷ βάλληται, ὁ δ ̓ αὖτ ̓ ἀχρήϊος ἀνήρ. The passage is quoted by Arist. Eth. 1, 4, 7 (with omission of second line, see Grant ad locum: in first line Hesiod reads αὐτῷ αὑτῷ?): but autós is read by Diog. Laert. 7, 25, who states that Zeno transposed the concluding portions of lines 1 and 3); while the thought is borrowed by Cic. Cluent. 31, in.; Herod. 7, 16, 1; Soph. Antig. 720. Cf. also Mart. Spect. 31, 1. Proclus tells us that the Socratic Aristippus maintained that to stand in need of a counsellor was worse than in rem (P with several MSS. has re), cf. 3, 2; for res=commodum cf. 1, 27, 6: in the same sense we find ob rem, ex re. consulere, 'to give counsel': for absolute use cf. 21, 16, 2; 1, 32, 10. sciat M2: P, C, and M1 nesciat: cf. 51, 4, for the construction. extremi, correlating to primum, “of the lowest intelligence or ‘meanest capacity': for the gen. cf. 21, 52, 2. 9. Nobis, for position cf. 6, 2; 21, 18, 3; the noun or pronoun being frequently inserted in subordinate sentence, when belonging also to the principal clause: quoniam, a late MS. reads quia. animi ingeniique. Fabri refers to Livy's frequent combination of these words in the sense respectively of mental activity and productive capacity; cf. 9, 17, m.; 25, 37, in. sors, 'rank'; the following ac is explanatory, = 'that is to say '. dum, regularly with pres. indic., cf. Rob. 1663, archaically with fut., cf. Virg. A. 1, 607-8. imperare parere: Livy is animum inducamus. Castra cum Fabio iungamus. 10 fond of this distinction; cf. 21, 11. ac dexterae Madv., vulg. in animum, &c., 'let us make up our minds': while Liv. always uses the prep., Cic. usually omits it; but cf. Cic. Sull. 30, 83. For the common use of this phrase in Ter. cf. Hec. 1, 2, 24. patronos ('authors of your freedom') salutabitis, cf. 30, 2; 3, 29, in.; 7, 36, 7; Pol. 6, 39, 7 σέβεται δὲ τοῦτον τὸν σώσαντα) ò σweis ws Tаτéρа. The allusion in patronus is to the relation existing between patroni and liberti. The term was also applied 10. cum Fabio, brachylogy to the protectors of conquered for cum castris Fabii; cf. 21, nations, according to Cic. Off. 4, 8. Kühnast 281. 1, 11, 35. praetorium, 'head-quarters': si nihil aliud (like ei μń TL the standards (άerol) were fixed aλo, Plat. Rep. 6, 502, A)=salin the ground near the altar in tem, by which it is strengthened front of the general's tent in the Cic. Verr. 1, 58, often without camp. The military use of the certe, cf. 33, 44, f.: so nihil aliud word signum has been accounted quam solum 2, 32, 8. Bauer for by the figures of eagles, wolves, unnecessarily suggests ut for et boars, &c. employed, or from before si. their serving as marks to indicate the positions of the several bodies of troops. quum (cum) tulerimus late MSS., P contulerimus: signa ferre usually 'to break up the camp', cf. 10, 5, 1. parentem=patrem, but used as term of greater dignity, like parenti urbis, 4, 3, 12. Cf. Plut. Fab. 181; Sil. 7, 735; 8, 2; 9, 565. Iuv. 8, 243-4 applies both appellations to Cicero. So Claud. Stilich. 3, 51. maiestate...dignum, 'due to his dignity'. gratorum... animorum, 'gratitude', so ingratus animus = 'ingratitude', gratitudo being wrongly read in some edd. of Val. Max. 5, 2, while ingratitudo is not found prob. before Firmicus in 4th cent. Nägelsb. 31, 2 quotes Cic. Off. 1, 15, 47 referenda gratia and Senec. Ep. 74, 13 relatio gratiae, where not the mental state, but the active expression of it, is intended. Cf. Cic. Planc. 32, 78 beneficii gratia. hic P and best MSS., vulg. haec. For fut. perf. dederit cf. 25, 38, s. f. |