at

+

did

campique perditas res stratamque ostendere foede
Romanam aciem. Itaque ne in conspectos procul 10
immitteretur eques, sublatis raptim signis, quam
citatissimo poterant agmine, sese abripuerunt. Pos- 11
tero die, quum super cetera extrema fames etiam
instaret, fidem dante Maharbale, qui cum omnibus
equestribus copiis nocte consecutus erat, si arma tra-
didissent, abire cum singulis vestimentis passurum,
sese dediderunt; quae Punica religione servata fides
ab Hannibale est, atque in vincula omnes coniecit.
VII. Number of the slain. Excitement at Rome.
Haec est nobilis ad Trasumennum pugna atque 1
inter paucas memorata populi Romani clades. Quin- 2

perditas, &c. 'showed that all
was lost and the R. army shame
fully overthrown’: ostendere=
perf. cf. 21, 25, 13: for verb cf.
ib. 27, 4.

10. in conspectos, hypothetical
= in se,
si conspecti essent.
eques, sc. Poenorum.

raptim old edd., partim P. Pol.
1. c. states that this body of
6000 marched from the field of
battle to a certain Etrurian vil-
lage, where they were surrounded
by Maharbal, to whom they then
surrendered.

11. super cetera=praeter c.; cf. 21, 31, 12; ib. 46, 1: so super =praeter sup. 3, 14. Bauer not so well joins cet. extrema (Gr. oxara), as we find extrema fames in Caes. G. 7, 17; but cf. Nägelsb. 84.

equestribus. Pol. 3, 84 says μετὰ τῶν Ἰβήρων καὶ λογχοφόρων. 12. cum sing. vest. Cf. 52, 3; 21, 12, 5.

Punica r. Cf. 21, 4, 9. C. and B. through an oversight make Hann. pursue and give the pledge. Hannibal's reason for

coniecit P, Madv. &c. read with old edd. coniecti; but there is not sufficient ground to depart from the MSS., as the change from pass. to act. is quite in Livy's manner. Cf. 21, 38, 6; ib. 45, 2.

1. pugna. The battle was fought in April (not June 23. Ov. F. 6, 765), as shown by dictatorship of Fabius 8, 6; 31, 7; 32, 1.

inter paucas, &c. 'a disaster to the Roman people memorable as few others have been': Liv. is the first who uses inter paucas =in primis; cf. 38, 15, f. inter paucas munitae urbis : for memorata memorabilis Fab. compares 42, 9; 23, 44, m. memorabilis

12

decim milia Romanorum in acie caesa; decem milia sparsa fuga per omnem Etruriam diversis itineribus 3 urbem petiere; duo milia quingenti hostium in acie, multi postea utrinque ex vulneribus periere. Mul-much gre tiplex caedes utrinque façta traditur ab aliis; ego 4 praeterquam quod nihil auctum ex vano velim, quo nimis inclinant ferme scribentium animi, Fabium,

aequalem temporibus huiusce belli, potissimum auctorem habui. Hannibal, captivorum qui Latini 5 nominis essent, sine praetio dimissis, Romanis in vincula datis, segregata ex hostium coacervatorum cumulis corpora suorum quum sepeliri iussisset, Flamini quoque corpus funeris causa magna cum cura inquisitum non invenit.

Romae ad primum nuntium cladis eius cum in- 6 genti terrore ac tumultu concursus in forum populi est factus. Matronae Vagae per vias, quae repens 7 clades allata quaeve fortuna exercitus esset, obvios percontantur; et quum frequentis contionis modo. turba in comitium et curiam versa magistratus vo

from an embassy to Delphi B.c. 216. Cf. infr. 57, 5. On the importance Liv. attached to contemporaneous evidence cf. 8, 40, 5.

5. captivorum iis c., cf. ipsorum quos 21, 26, 7.

Latini n. Cf. 21, 55, 4. essent, subj. of repetition, as 28, 1; cf. 21, 4, 4.

6

praetio, ransom': for Hannibal's conciliatory efforts towards the allies cf. 13, 2; 58, 2. Pol. 3, 85 adds that he assured the Italian allies that he had invaded Italy to help them to cast off the yoke of Rome. At the same time he released 600 Cretan auxiliaries sent by Hiero (cf. 21, 49, 3), 24, 30, f. Hann. pursued a similar policy at the Trebia, Pol. 3, 77, 7.

Flamini. This was the older form in nouns in -ius and -ium; so Appi, Capitoli (Virg. 9, 449). Pol. merely asserts that Hann. buried only about 30 of the most distinguished persons (тoùs eπφανεστάτους).

quoque refers to inquisitum = inquisivit, sed n. i. For the loose construction cf. 17, 6 neutros. Hannibal acted with similar hu

manity towards L. Aemilius (52, 6) and Marcellus (27, 28, 1).

6. ad p. nuntium, cf. 21, 41, 3. 7. quae repens, &c. 'what was the disaster that had been recently reported?' repens is adj. =repentina; cf. 8, 1; 21, 6; 21, 26, 1; 1, 14, 5 repens inlatus.

esset for imperf. subj. after pres. indic. cf. infr. 14.

et quum, &c. 'when the crowd like a full assembly turned to the comitium and senate-house': modo implies that it was not convoked by a Consul, Praetor, Dictator &c.; though Plut. Fab. 3 calls it an eκкλŋσía assembled by Pomponius the Praetor (σтpaTnyos).

comitium. Cf. 60, 1; 1, 36, 5. The comitium derived its name from its being the meeting-place (coeo) of the Comitia Curiata, and occupied the north-west end of the Forum, near the Capitol, close to the Curia Hostilia. Kiepert's Forum Romanum. Livy here distinguishes the comitium from the forum as being the more honourable position occupied by the magistrates.

Cf.

curiam. The magistrates were

دو

8 caret, tandem haud multo ante solis occasum M. Pomponius praetor "Pugna" inquit "magna victi sumus.' Et quanquam nihil certius ex eo auditum est, tamen 9 alius ab alio impleti rumoribus domos referunt, consulem cum magna parte copiarum caesum; superesse paucos aut fuga passim per Etruriam sparsos aut 10 captos ab hoste. Quot casus exercitus victi fuerant, tot in curas distracti animi eorum erant, quorum propinqui sub C. Flaminio consule meruerant, ignorantium, quae cuiusque suorum fortuna esset; nec quisquam satis certum habet, quid aut speret aut 11 timeat. Postero ac deinceps aliquot diebus ad portas maior prope mulierum quam virorum multitudo stetit, aut suorum aliquem aut nuntios de iis opperiens; circumfundebanturque obviis sciscitantes, neque

here assembled, cf. infr. 14; 1,45;
55, 1. The people called them
out to dispel their uncertainty as
to the late events.

8. M. Pomponius Matho was
consul B.C. 231, praetor peregri-
nus B.C. 217: at the time of his
death B.C. 204 he was augur and
decemvir (29, 38, f.). He is to
be distinguished from his brother
M'. Pomp. M. infr. 33, 11. An-
other member of this plebeian
gens is mentioned 21, 51, 6.
Weiss. draws attention to the
fact that the praetor urbanus (M.
Aemilius 9, 11) though no doubt
present (infr. 14) did not address
the people; but cf. 23, 24, 1.
The two other praetors for this
year were Otacilius (31, 6), who
received Sicily, and Corn. Mam-
mula (33, 44, in.), who received
Sardinia.

Pugna, &c. The words uttered by Pomp. from the rostra are more forcibly given by Plut. 1. c. νενικήμεθα μεγάλῃ μάχῃ καὶ διέφθαρται τὸ στρατόπεδον καὶ Φλαμίνιος ὕπατος ἀπόλωλεν.

D. L. II.

tatia "guest in alius, &c. full of the reports which they had received from one another'.

referunt. Cf. 7, 32, 1.

10. Quot, &c. The anxieties which distracted the minds of those whose relatives had served under the consul C. F., were not less numerous than the disasters of the vanquished army', referring to foregoing, as also the different forms of death 6, 7.

distracti Weiss., dispraeti P, dispertiti vulg. Cf. Cic. Acad. 2, 43, f.

meruerant. Cf. 21, 4, 10. cuiusque suorum: in prose suus and se regularly precede quisque ; but cf. 48, 2.

11. Postero, sc. die from following: deinceps, &c. ' on several successive days'; for this attributive use of adv. cf. 21, 8,5; ib. 52, 5; 1, 21, 5; 3, 39, 4: so tòV ÉÈÊS Xpóvov Plat.Pol.271A. Cf.Nägelsb. 232. In such Latin phrases the want of the article is most felt. circumfundebanturque, 'pressed round', cf. infr. 12.

3

34
tom

LIVY XXII.

netfair [VII. 11~ avelli, utique ab notis, priusquam ordine omnia inquisissent, poterant. Inde varios vultus digredientium 12 ab nuntiis cerneres, ut cuique laeta aut tristia nuntiabantur, gratulantesque aut consolantes redeuntibus domos circumfusos. Feminarum praecipue et gaudia insignia erant et luctus. Unam in ipsa porta sospiti 13 filio repente oblatam in complexu eius exspirasse ferunt; alteram, cui mors filii falso nuntiata erat, maestam sedentem domi, ad primum conspectum redeuntis filii gaudio nimio exanimatam. Senatum 14 praetores per dies aliquot ab orto usque ad occidentem solem in curia retinent, consultantes, quonam duce aut quibus copiis resisti victoribus Poenis posset. VIII. Hannibal's further success against Centenius. The people at Rome in alarm elect Q. Fabius Maximus dictator.

Priusquam satis certa consilia essent, repens alia 1

obviis. For Livy's frequent use of this adj.=subst. cf. sup. 7; 55, 4; 21, 46, 2.

utique-potissimum, especially from their acquaintances', cf. 23, 3.

ordine, 'from first to last', frequently in connection with omnia or cuncta, cf. 22, 18; 3, 50, in. inquisissent, subj. because = intention of women, cf. 31, 2; or subj. of repetition, cf. 2, 7: see 8, 1.

12. digredientium. Bauer needlessly reads de-, cf. 21, 36, 4. cerneres, 'you (= 'one' Madv. 370) might have seen 'Potential subj.: for this common use of imperf. subj. cf. 46, 4; 21, 4, 3

gaudia, 'expressions of joy'; cf. 21, 30, 4.

13. porta, i.e. of the city; cf. sup. 11.

complexu Alsch., conspextu P:

hence all MSS. conspectu (so vulg.): but cf. Val. Max. 9, 12, 2 nunciata enim clade, quae ad lacum Trasumennum inciderat, altera mater sospiti filio ad ipsam portam facta obviam in complexu eius exspiravit. Plin. N. H. 7, 53, 180 says this incident happened after battle of Cannae.

maestam: for adj. = adv. cf. 21, 55, 3.

14. praetores, i.e. Pomponius (sup. 8), Aemilius (33, 8), Otacilius (10, 10), and perhaps Mammula; cf. 10, 2.

orto, sc. sole; cf. 21, 19, 9: after sunset no discussion could take place.

1. repens (secondary predicate, Rob. 1069); cf. 7, 7; 1, 14, 5; infr. 12, 7: this is common with sublimis, frequens, diversus &c. See Nägelsb. L. S. 262. This news arrived three days after the battle. Pol. 3, 86.