novus Camillus, nobis dictator unicus in rebus affectis quaesitus, Italiam ab Hannibale recuperare 10 parat, Gallorum Roma esset, quam vereor ne, sic cunctantibus nobis, Hannibali ac Poenis toties ser11 vaverint maiores nostri. Sed vir ac vere Romanus, quo die dictatorem eum ex auctoritate patrum iussuque populi dictum Veios allatum est, quum esset satis altum Ianiculum, ubi sedens prospectaret hostem, descendit in aequum atque illo ipso die media in urbe, qua nunc busta Gallica sunt, et like the Greek kádwλos. For the quo, sc. modo, abl. of manner. nobis = a nobis (the people elected the dictator, cf. 8, 6), but also implying 'for our advantage' for dat. of agent after quaero cf. 27, 3; Tac. A. 13, 42, f. So Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 3. Bauer not so well removes comma from Camillus, making nobis =dat. com. after recuperare. unicus, 'unique', 'admirable', ironical; so 27, 3: there is probably intended at the same time a contrast to the two consuls. Liv. is fond of this word, as in 1, 21, 2; 21, 11, 12. Cf. Catull. 29, 12 Imperator unice (with note of Naudet). in r. affectis, 'in our distress', so 6, 3, m.; cf. sup. 8, 3; also use of conficio 2, 7. 10. Hannibali &c. Cf. 21, 40, 9; infr. 30, 8: Fab. notices this use of the conjunction connecting the name of the general D. L. II. servaverint fut. perf. subj. Cf. 21, 33, 9; L. 44, 22; Madv. 379. 11. vir, like a man'; cf. 7, 13, 9 viris ac Romanis dignum: for this use of Romanus cf. Nägelsb. 88. 11. 10, ex auctoritate, cf. 21, 18, 10For the statement cf. 5, 46, where, however, we learn that Camillus was at Ardea when the messengers came, and that thence they conducted him to Veii: cf. 3, 10. allatum late MSS., P and two of best MSS. allatus: several late MSS. adopt this reading and insert nuntius or rumor to make it grammatical: for text cf. 54, 7. satis altum, &c., 'high enough for him to sit there and look at' &c. The Janiculum was the loftiest hill of Rome which C. could ascend on his way from Veii, as it lay on the Etruscan side of the Tiber. It was fortified by Ancus, cf. 1, 33, 6; see also L. 2, 10 and 51; L. 40, 29: for sedens cf. 3, 10; 24, 10; 39, 16. descendit, i.e. unlike Fabius. qua late MSS., q. P, que C, quae M. busta G., 'the Gallic tombs' derived their names from the Gauls, whose bodies were there 5 Mone postero die citra Gabios cecidit Gallorum legiones. Quid? post multos annos quum ad Furculas Čaudi- 12 nas ab Samnite hoste sub iugum missi sumus, utrum tandem L. Papirius Cursor iuga Samnii perlustrando an Luceriam premendo obsidendoque et lacessendo victorem hostem depulsum ab Romanis cervicibus burnt, on the occasion of a plague, 5, 48, 3: Varro L. L. 5, 157 says the place Ad busta Gallica was so called because the bones of the Gauls, who had captured Rome, were collected there. Some suppose that it was near the Cloaca Maxima. Cobet regards these words as a gloss. Gabios: Gabii (mod. Castiglione) was a town of Latium, midway between Rome and Praeneste. The name is said to be abbreviated from the compound Galatus+ Bius, the reputed founders. For the celebrated story of its capture by the stratagem of Sextus cf. L. 1, 53 and 54; also Herod. 3, 154, which probably suggested the idea to Livy. For allusion in text cf. 5, 49, m. Cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 7; Virg. A. 7, 682. (Of the temple here described there are still interesting ruins.) i.e. between Caudium and Calatia in Samnium, best answers the description of Livy. Cf. Momms. 1, 376 (n.); Arn. 2, 213. Such also is the view of Murray, who discusses the arguments on either side. As to the name Bunbury, Dict. Geog., makes the strange statement that Furculae is "the only form found in prose-writers", whereas Val. Max. 5, 1, 5 and 7, 2, 17 cites the form Furcae; so Luc. 2, 138, and the scholia, one of which claims S. Maria in iugo citra Arpaium as the scene, while another describes Furcae as civitas in Apulia. Cf. Sil. 8, 567. sumus, note change of subject from § 8. tandem, 'pray', cf. 5, 6, m.; Rob. 1610. Cursor. The blockade of Luceria took place B. c. 320, under the command of Pap. Cursor, consul that year; cf. 9, 13, m.; ib. 15, in. He derived his surname from his swiftness, according to Aur. Vict., andwas courteous as well as witty; cf. L. 9, 16; Eutrop. 2, 9; for his soldier-like qualities cf. Momms. 1, 378. Arn. 2, 226 compares him to Richard Coeur de Lion. 12. Furculas C. Much doubt exists as to the exact position of the 'Caudine Forks of Samnium', which are only mentioned in connection with the disaster of B.C. 321; L. 9, 2-6. Niebuhr accepts the tradition which points to the valley between Arienzo and Arpaija, still called Valle Caudina, close to which is the village Forchia = Furculae, called in the middle ages La Furcula Caudina; cf. Nieb. 3, 214. Some archaeologists think that the valley between Sant' Agata de' Goti and Moiano, 34, in. Luceriam. Cf. 9, 5. = premendo obsidione p. 1, 57, 3, 'by assailing'; cf. 9, 15, in. omnibusne copiis Luceriam premerent. lacessendo. Cf. 21, 11, 5; 29, 13 iugum superbo Samniti imposuit? Modo C. Lutatio quae alia res quam celeritas victoriam dedit, quod postero die, quam hostem vidit, classem gravem commeatibus, impeditam suomet ipsam instrumento 14 atque apparatu, oppressit? Stultitia est sedendo aut votis debellari credere posse. Arma capias oportet et descendas in aequum et vir cum viro congrediaris. 13. Modo, 'a few years ago', i.e. 24 years, alluding to the victory of the Aegates B.C. 241, cf. 21, 10, 7: this was but 'a little while ago', relatively to the events mentioned in § 9 and § 12: cf. § 7. Compare Sen. Ep. 49 modo apud Sotionem...puer sedi, modo causas agere coepi, modo desii velle agere, modo desii posse; and Cic. Verr. 4, 3, 6, where it is distinguished from nuper and paulo ante. postero &c., the day after he saw'; for this use of quam cf. Cic. Or. 2, 3; also Sall. I. 102 post diem quintum quam &c. Cf. use of pridie. gravem onustam; Doer. wrongly explains it 'suffering from want of supplies', comparing 7, 37, m.; but though there multitudo commeatibus gravis'a multitude too great for the supplies at hand', there would be no force in the expression here; whereas the other explanation agrees with the account of Catulus' victory given by Pol. 1, 60 and 61. suomet ipsam. Cf. 21, 33, 3. instrumento &c., stores and war-material', cf. Cic. Acad. 2, 1, 3 totiusque belli instrumento et apparatu; see infr. 19, 10; 21, 49,8; 30, 10, in. Ch. and B. translate instrumento by 'tackling'; but the regular word for that is armamenta (for which Virg. A. 5, 15 has arma). Cf. 26, 39, sub in. oppressit, 'he surprised and destroyed'; for this pregnant sense of the verb cf. 30, 10, in.; 41, 3, m.; also infr. 19, 6; 49, 12; 21, 39, 5, where the first meaning prevails: the object of the verb is of course classem, though Rup. makes it Poenos understood, so that classem would stand in apposition to hostem. 14. Stultitia est; for the construction cf. 21, 19, 9; Plaut. Cas. 2, 4, 4 stultitia est te esse tristem. Nägelsb. 486 cites several instances of this predicative nominative. sedendo aut votis; for the combination of gerund and subst. cf. 21, 35, 5. Varro R. R. 1, 2, 2 mentions an old saying Romanus sedendo vincit, which Liv. may have had in mind: for sedeo cf. 3, 10. votis: cf. § 8, and the similar remark of Flaminius 5, 2. The allusion is to the vows mentioned 10, 8 &c. debellari, 'that the war can be brought to an end'; this is a very favourite verb with Liv. Cf. 12, 4; L. 31, 48 and Drak.'s note: see also 21, 40, 11 profligare. Note hexameter formed by the conclusion of the sentence. Arma Madv., armar. P; so vulg., reading copias: but as the troops were already armed, such an assertion would be absurd. et descendas Heerw., deducendas P; so vulg., reading ut contrary to the best MSS. For the Haec 15 Audendo atque agendo res Romana crevit, non his XV. Fabius persists in his policy of delay. Fabius pariter inter suos haud minus quam in 1 common omission of the pronoun the prep. implying that his obbefore vir, cf. 6, 6, s. f. collegae facimus. Audendo &c. : for a similar collocation cf. 53, 7: see also 21, 4, 4. res = respublica. his segnibus late MSS., iis sensibus P: Weiss. suggests istis. cauta; we find this and the two preceding adjs. conjoined in 12, 12. 15. contionanti (P has continuanti); cf. 21, 53, 6; 1, 28, 2: contio, not concio, is the spelling of good MSS. and inscriptions; but dicio, condicio, while the best MSS. vary between suspicio and suspitio, convicium and convitium, the interchange being due to assibilation, like Gk. Táσow and τάττω &ε. Cf. Corss. 1, 49 sqq. equitum, 'Knights', in the technical sense, not simply cavalry. Cf. 21, 59, 9. quoque belongs to militum, contrary to the rule that it should stand directly after the word to which it belongs. Madv. 471; but cf. 28, 39, in. militum. Cf. 8, 6, f. evolvebantur (P and two of the best MSS., vulg. volvebantur), 'found their way to', 'reached', servations passed out beyond the militaris suffragii, as in the haud dubie &c., 'they plainly declared'. Cf. 29, 6; 21, 41, 7; 4, 45, f. Weiss. not so well connects these words with the participle. duci P: Gron. reads ducem, so vulg.; cf. 28, 41, in. Hamilcar Hannibali dux est praeferundus. praelaturos, for omission of se and esse cf. 6, 11; 51, 2; Krüger L. G. 570, 4, c.; Madv. 401. 1. Fabius pariter &c. 'F., while at the same time keeping an eye upon his own men no less than upon the enemy, proved to the former that they could not shake his resolution'; for the temporal use of pariter cf. 4, 6; 10, 5, 7: Fab. takes pariter as modal='alike', connecting it with intentus, the words preceding being epexegetical. Cf. 23, 3: Sall. I. 88, 2 quoted by the commentators is equally ambiguous. Various needless conjectures have hostes intentus, prius ab illis invictum animum praestat. Quanquam probe scit, non in castris modo suis, sed iam etiam Romae infamem suam cunctationem esse, obstinatus tamen tenore eodem consilio2 rum aestatis reliquum extraxit, ut Hannibal destitutus ab spe summa ope petiti certaminis iam hibernis locum circumspectaret, quia ea regio praesentis erat copiae, non perpetuae, arbusta vineaeque et consita omnia magis amoenis quam necessariis 3 fructibus. Haec per exploratores relata Fabio. Quum satis sciret, per easdem angustias, quibus intraverat Falernum agrum, rediturum, Calliculam been proposed—per iter, acriter, summa ope p. Alsch., s. oppepari tenore, that of Harant-pa- titi P, and two of the best MSS.: tiens being the least plausible: vulg. after Gron. summopere; but Rup. regards it as a gloss. The cf. 24, 4, 3; Sall. C. 1, 1; cf. also modal sense derives support from ib. I. 14; L. 8, 16, in. 23, 28, 3 iuxta intentus. inter s. P (so Hwg.), in s. ed. 1505; so Madv. and recent edd., on account of in hostes; but for change of prep. cf. 2, 46, in. pugna iam in manus, iam ad gladios venerat. illis ed. 1573, aliis P; cf. 26, 7: Gron. conj. utrisque, Ruben. a fabulis: for this trait in the general's character cf. 12, 6. infamem, 'made him unpopular' it earned for him the nickname of 'Hannibal's pedagogue'. Cf. Diod. 26, 3. obstinatus &c., 'he spent the remainder of the summer firmly adhering to the same plan of operations'. 2. aestatis late MSS., aestimantis P: for the partitive gen. cf. 59, 4: for extraho=protraho, produco cf. 18, 9; 32, 9, f. ut ita ut (43, 4); cf. 45, 4. destitutus ab spe, 'deprived of the hope of a battle' (lit. 'abandoned by', cf. 1, 41, 1). Cf. 40, 47, f. ea regio &c., 'that country furnished only a temporary supply, not for the entire year': this was mainly due to the Carthaginian devastations. Cf. 14, 1: for erat cf. 21, 60, 8: for circumspectaret cf. 13, 7. arbusta, in apposition to regio, instead of ibi enim arbusta erant &c. Arbusta were especially the trees on which vines were trained, differing from the espaliers which one usually sees in Italy. consita &c., 'fruit growing everywhere, which was rather pleasant to the sight than necessary as food', i.e. fruit-trees were more abundant than grain: for amoenus cf. 14, 1. 3. Haec, i. e. Hannibal's movements and probable intentions. satis probe § 1; cf. 22, 9; 21, 26, 4. angustias, nearly saltus, with which it is combined 28, 1, m., or fauces 29, 32, 4 (Pol. 3, 92 dieкßoλń). For statement cf. 13,6. rediturum, the subject is Han |