tendit, in Manliana castra pervenerit, neminem tam stultum fore, qui non videat coniurationem esse factam, neminem tam improbum, qui non fateatur. Hoc autem uno interfecto intellego hanc rei publicae pestem paulis25 per reprimi, non in perpetuum comprimi posse. Quodsi se eiecerit secumque suos eduxerit et eodem ceteros undique collectos naufragos adgregarit, extinguetur atque delebitur non modo haec tam adulta rei publicae pestis, verum etiam stirps ac semen malorum omnium. 31 XIII. Etenim iam diu, patres conscripti, in his periculis coniurationis insidiisque versamur, sed nescio quo pacto omnium scelerum ac veteris furoris et audaciae maturitas in nostri consulatus tempus erupit. 5 Quodsi ex tanto latrocinio iste unus tolletur, videbimur fortasse ad breve quoddam tempus cura et metu esse relevati, periculum autem residebit et erit inclusum penitus in venis atque in visceribus rei publicae. Ut saepe homines aegri morbo gravi cum 10 aestu febrique iactantur, si aquam gelidam biberunt, primo relevari videntur, deinde multo gravius vehe

25. Note the repetition of the upon a tense? patres conscripletter p in these lines. reprimi... ti: explain the origin of the comprimi: see on § 27. 11. Cicero phrase. is very fond of playing on words (1) of the same stem, but compounded with different prepositions, or (2) of different stems to which the same preposition is prefixed.

Explain the case of hominum 2, morte 4, mihi 11, quae 14, quae 15, neminem 23, pestem 24, semen 29; mood of multari 4, putarem 13, animadvertissem 19, pervenerit 21, fateatur 23, eiecerit 26.

2, 3. nescio quo pacto, 'somehow or other.' For pacto, see on § 17. 13. Nescio quis is sometimes a mere indefinite pronoun without influence upon the rest of the sentence (A. 202 a; G. 469 Rem. 2; H. 191 note; B. 253 6; sometimes the nescio retains its verbal force, and is followed by the subj. of ind. question; which here? Which in § 16. 37-38 ?

5. Compare this whole sentence carefully with § 12. 29, f. Quodsi,

§ 31. 1. iam diu, has what effect see on § 29. 11. latrocinio, 'band.

mentiusque adflictantur, sic hic morbus, qui est in re publica, relevatus istius poena vehementius reliquis vivis ingravescet. Quare secedant inprobi, secernant 32 se a bonis, unum in locum congregentur, muro deni- 15 que, quod saepe iam dixi, secernantur a nobis ; desinant insidiari domi suae consuli, circumstare tribunal praetoris urbani, obsidere cum gladiis curiam, malleolos et faces ad inflammandam urbem comparare; sit denique inscriptum in fronte unius cuiusque, quid 20 de re publica sentiat. Polliceor hoc vobis, patres conscripti, tantam in nobis consulibus fore diligentiam, tantam in vobis auctoritatem, tantam in equitibus Romanis virtutem, tantam in omnibus bonis consensionem, ut Catilinae profectione omnia patefacta, 25 inlustrata, oppressa, vindicata esse videatis.

Hisce ominibus, Catilina, cum summa rei publicae 33 salute, cum tua peste ac pernicie cumque eorum exitio, qui se tecum omni scelere parricidioque iun

of brigands;' the abstract noun is here used in a collective sense: find examples in § 6.

24. bonis, see on § 1. 5. Observe how the different orders of the state are mentioned.

§ 32. 17, 18. tribunal praetoris 25. profectione, case ? Cf. urbani, see p. 66, § 60. The city Caes. II., 7. 2: quorum adventu. praetor seems to have had a fixed patefacta, etc. The four partiplace for his judgment-seat in the ciples are to be taken in two forum, while the other praetors set groups of two each, a very comup their tribunals wherever it was mon arrangement in Cicero. This convenient. cum gladiis ? See may be brought out in English by on § 15. 25. Notice in these lines inserting not only' before patethe reference to the three depart- facta and 'but also' before opments of government, executive, pressa. judicial, legislative.

19. malleolos, hammers, the hollow heads of which were filled with tow and pitch. They were thrown upon the roofs while the faces were applied below.

§ 33. 27. Hisce, form? A. 100 foot note; G. 102 Rem. 1; H. 186 VI. 1; B. 87 f. n. 2. ominibus, explained by the three cum phrases that follow.

29. omni, 'every sort of,' a very

30 xerunt, proficiscere ad impium bellum ac nefarium. Tu, Iuppiter, qui isdem quibus haec urbs auspiciis a Romulo es constitutus, quem Statorem huius urbis atque imperii vere nominamus, hunc et huius socios a tuis ceterisque templis, a tectis urbis ac moenibus, a 35 vita fortunisque civium arcebis et homines bonorum inimicos, hostis patriae, latrones Italiae scelerum foedere inter se ac nefaria societate coniunctos aeternis suppliciis vivos mortuosque mactabis.

common meaning in both singular less built, for years after the and plural. founding of the city. See on § 11. 9.

6

31. Tu, subject of arcebis, 1. 35, and mactabis, 1. 38. Iuppiter: 32. Statorem, 'stay, support,' He turns to the statue near him. in a slightly different sense from isdem ... auspiciis, for the aus- its original one; see on § 11. 9. pices, see p. 71, § 84. Things Explain the case of patres 1, done under the same auspices' periculis 2, pacto 3, tempus 4, must be done at the same time; reliquis 13, domi, consuli 17, and the words, therefore, are consulibus 22, homines 35, supequivalent to eodem tempore. This pliciis 38; mood of secedant 14, is, of course, an exaggeration, as insidiari 17, videatis 26, prothe temple was not vowed, much ficiscere 30.

M. TULLI CICERONIS

ORATIO IN CATILINAM SECUNDA

AD POPULUM.

I. Tandem aliquando, Quirites, L. Catilinam furen- 1 tem audacia, scelus anhelantem, pestem patriae nefarie molientem, vobis atque huic urbi ferro flammaque minitantem ex urbe vel eiecimus vel emisimus vel

TITLE. Read the notes on I. Title. Ad populum. A speech delivered ad populum, 'before the people' was called a contio; and a gathering of the people (see p. 61, § 42) to hear the speech was called | by the same name. For the circumstances under which this contio was delivered, see p. 32, §. 52.

3. vobis and urbi are indirect objects, ferro and flamma are ablatives of instrument; instead of the ablatives, accusatives might have been used: we can say minitari alicui aliqua re or minitari alicui aliquid.

4. vel... vel . . . vel, imply liberty of choice, 'either.

... or

or, as you please.' In this

Congratulations over Catilina's passage each vel substitutes a departure (§§ 1, 2).

§ 1. 1. Tandem aliquando, see on I. 25. 1: which word might be be omitted? Quirites, the formal title of the Roman people when assembled in their civil capacity and addressed by a Roman. The derivation and meaning of the word are uncertain. What is the formal title of the senators as a body?

milder form of expression for the preceding, because Cicero does not yet feel quite sure of the attitude of the people. He speaks more boldly in the third oration. The sentence may be trans. We have driven him out, let him go if you will, - at least bidden him good speed on his voluntary departure.'

5 ipsum egredientem verbis prosecuti sumus. Abiit, excessit, evasit, erupit. Nulla iam pernicies a monstro illo atque prodigio moenibus ipsis intra moenia comparabitur. Atque hunc quidem unum huius belli domestici ducem sine controversia vicimus. Non enim 10 iam inter latera nostra sica illa versabitur, non in campo, non in foro, non in curia, non denique intra domesticos parietes pertimescemus. Loco ille motus est, cum est ex urbe depulsus. Palam iam cum hoste nullo inpediente bellum iustum geremus. Sine dubio 15 perdidimus hominem magnificeque vicimus, cum illum ex occultis insidiis in apertum latrocinium coniecimus. 2 Quod vero non cruentum mucronem, ut voluit, extulit, quod vivis nobis egressus est, quod ei ferrum e manibus extorsimus, quod incolumes cives, quod stantem

'be busy.' in campo, what occasion is meant? See on I., 11. 16 ƒ. in curia, the Curia Hostilia, the original senate house; see Plan B. It was built by Tullus Hostilius.

12. domesticos parietes, 'the walls of our own houses.' Explain the difference in meaning

5, 6. ipsum sua sponte, ultro, as sometimes in colloquial English. verbis prosecuti sumus, ironical; quote a similar ironical expression from I., 21. 43. What are the verba he speaks of ? Abiit, excessit, evasit, erupit, the four words are to be taken in two pairs, i.e., with a slight between parietes and moenibus, pause after excessit; see on I., 10.8, and quote a parallel from I., 32. 26. There is no climax. Nulla iam, 'no longer,' a little more emphatic than non iam, 1. 9; cf. I., 16. 3.

10, 11. sica illa, 'the famous,'

1. 7. Loco motus est, he was forced from position (vantage ground)', a phrase borrowed from the gladiators' vocabulary; give two other words from the same source, I., 15. 32-34.

14. bellum iustum, 'regular war,' i.e., against an open and declared enemy, opposed to 'tumultus' and 'latrocinium.' Sine dubio what phrase above?

§ 2. 18. nobis, abl. abs. ei ... a common meaning of ille; for e manibus, cases? See on I., 16. sica, cf. I., 16. 35. versabitur. 35.