25 consilio tantaque animi magnitudine a me gesta esse cognosces, ut tibi multo maiori, quam Africanus fuit, me non multo minorem quam Laelium facile et in re publica et in amicitia adiunctum esse patiare. II. (AD FAM. V. 5.) M. CICERO S. D. C. ANTONIO M. F. IMP. 1 Etsi statueram nullas ad te litteras mittere nisi commendaticias eas intelligerem satis non quo 26, 27. Africanus and Laelius are frequently mentioned by Cicero as ideal friends, the former a great general (see on IV. 21. 15; Mur. 75. 5), the latter a wise statesman. Mur. 66. 31. quam Laelium: cf. quam Africanus, 1. 26, and see for case A. 336 a 1 R.; G. 647 R. 1 (last example); H. 524 1. (1). II. nius to aid Titus Pomponius Atticus in certain business matters in the province. SALUTATION: More or less formal than in Ep. I? Antonio: on his early career, connection with Catilina, election to the consulship with Cicero, and change of politics, see p. 24, §§ 34–36 and p. 28, § 42. He is damned with faint praise, III. 14. 10 f., and his operations against Catilina are deINTRODUCTORY NOTE: Writ- scribed in Exc. IV. and p. 38, ten from Rome to Antonius in § 68. Imp. He received the title Macedonia in 61. Antonius, said for the defeat of Catilina, and govreport, had hinted that Cicero was erned Macedonia as proconsul in to share the plunder of Macedonia, 62 and 61. In 59 he was prosethus giving the lie direct to Cice- cuted for misgovernment, and in ro's often-repeated boast of patri- spite of Cicero's defence was conotic motives in declining a province victed and went into exile. (cf. IV. § 23). Cicero writes to § 1. 2-8. commendaticias, 'of remonstrate against this unwar-introduction,' for friends going to ranted slander, and to ask Anto- Macedonia. non quo ... sed apud te valere, sed ne iis, qui me rogarent, aliquid de nostra coniunctione imminutum esse ostenderem,— tamen, cum T. Pomponius, homo omnium meorum in te 5 studiorum et officiorum maxime conscius, tui cupidus, nostri amantissimus, ad te proficisceretur, aliquid mihi scribendum putavi, praesertim cum aliter ipsi Pomponio satisfacere non possem. Ego si abs te summa officia 2 desiderem, mirum nemini videri debeat; omnia enim a 10 me in te profecta sunt, quae ad tuum commodum, quae ad honorem, quae ad dignitatem pertinerent: pro his rebus nullam mihi abs te relatam esse gratiam tu es optimus testis, contra etiam esse aliquid abs te profectum ex multis audivi; nam "comperisse me non audeo 15 dicere, ne forte id ipsum verbum ponam, quod abs te aiunt falso in me solere conferri; sed ea, quae ad me delata sunt, malo te ex Pomponio, cui non minus molesta fuerunt, quam ex meis litteris cognoscere. Meus in te animus quam singulari officio fuerit, et se- 20 natus et populus Romanus testis est: tu quam gratus erga me fueris, ipse existimare potes; quantum mihi debeas, ceteri existiment. Ego quae tua causa antea 3 ne: see on Mur. 2. 27. me roga- tra etiam esse, etc., 'nay, I rent: sc. litteras commendaticias. have heard from many that someT. Pomponius (Atticus). P. 18, thing the very opposite [of grati$ 15. tude] has proceeded from you:' contra is an adv. and its position is very emphatic; for its attributive sense cf. adhuc, II. 27. 20. tui cupidus, 'well disposed to you.' nostri: for case (so tui) and form see on IV. 19. 17. praesertim cum: see on Sull. 6. 28. § 2. 10-14. desiderem,' claim: ' 15-23. "comperisse:" see on notice the different meaning in Sull. 86. 8. falso goes with Ep. I. 3. 16. commodum, hono- conferri. Meus animus-ego: cf. rem, dignitatem, the province, Ep. I. 3. 22. officio, 'devotion.' triumph, and political position of testis est: for number cf. Ep. Antonius. quae ad . . . quae I. 3. 18. existiment, hortaad . . . quae ad: figure? con-tory. feci, voluntate sum adductus posteaque constantia ; sed 25 reliqua, mihi crede, multo maius meum studium maioremque gravitatem et laborem desiderant; quae ego si non profundere ac perdere videbor, omnibus meis viribus sustinebo; sin autem ingrata esse sentiam, non committam, ut tibi ipsi insanire videar. Ea quae sint et 30 cuiusmodi, poteris ex Pomponio cognoscere. Atque ipsum tibi Pomponium ita commendo, ut, quamquam ipsius causa confido te facturum esse omnia, tamen abs te hoc petam, ut, si quid in te residet amoris erga me, id omne in Pomponii negotio ostendas: hoc mihi nihil 35 gratius facere potes. 1 III. (AD ATT. I. 16.) CICERO ATTICO SAL. Quaeris ex me, quid acciderit de iudicio, quod tam praeter opinionem omnium factum sit, et simul §3. 24-33. sum adductus: sc. | Atticus (cf. Ep. II. 1. 5) in Epirus, ut facerem. constantia, 'con- towards the end of May, 61, giving sistency.' reliqua, the threat- an account of the trial of Clodius ened suit for misgovernment. (§§ 1-5), of his own position in the desiderant, as in § 2. 10. quae state and public matters generally refers to gravitatem and laborem : (§§ 11-13), and finally treating of for gender cf. Sull. 73. 19. non personal matters. For the trial committam, ut: cf. III. 17. 26. of Clodius read p. 41, §§ 73, 74, abs te: cf. § 2. 9; Sull. 3. 30, and and for the senate's part in it see on I. 27.11. p. 74, §§ 96 and 99. III. SALUTATION: Formal or familINTRODUCTORY NOTE: Written iar? Notice that the same form from Rome to Titus Pomponius is used in all the letters to Atticus vis scire, quomodo ego minus, quam soleam, proeliatus sim: respondebo tibi ὕστερον πρότερον ̔Ομηρικώς. Ego enim, quamdiu senatus auctoritas mihi defen- 5 denda fuit, sic acriter et vehementer proeliatus sum, ut clamor concursusque maxima cum mea laude fierent: quod si tibi umquam sum visus in re publica fortis, certe me in illa causa admiratus esses; cum enim ille ad conciones confugisset in iisque meo nomine ad 10 invidiam uteretur, di immortales! quas ego pugnas et quantas strages edidi! quos impetus in Pisonem, in here given. Attico: the full name § 1. 1-5. Quaeris ex me: these is given above. He was Cicero's words serve to remind Atticus of most intimate and trusted friend, the letter to which this is a reply; a man of refined and cultivated for the prep. see on a II. 13. 16. tastes, extensive learning, and quomodo, 'why,' abbreviated great wealth. He had early de- from quo modo ['how,' so l. 13] voted himself to a business life and factum sit ut, etc. proeliatus kept resolutely aloof from politics. sim, evidently a phrase from He had large investments in Greece Atticus' letter. ὕστερον πρότερον Ομηwhich required his personal super-piks [husteron proteron Homērivision and kept him from Rome kōs] 'last first in Homer's style :' much of the time- once for a see on IV. 21. 14, and for the use period of twenty-three years con- of Greek words in the letters see tinuously and thus gained for Exc. V. § 15. enim: see on IV. him the cognomen Atticus. On 9. S. auctoritas, etc. the first his return to the capital his house proposal of the senate (p. 41, § 73 became the resort of the ablest men of all schools and parties, whose love and respect for him are shown by the fact that he lived (109-32) in security through all the revolutions of Marius, Sulla, Caesar, and the second triumvirate. He died by voluntary starvation, when he found himself suffering from an incurable disease. It is largely to him that we owe the letters of Cicero which we possess; none of his own are preserved. ad fin) had been opposed by one of the consuls, and the struggle referred to was of the kind described, p. 77, § 112. esses: the 9-12. admiratus protasis is omitted, e.g., si adfuisses; for the conclusion (apodosis) of visus sum cf. IV. 17. 28. conciones: see p. 61, §§ 42, 43; Clodius was quaestor. ad invidiam, for the purpose of exciting unpopularity.' pugnas . . . edidi, colloquial phrases, keeping up jestingly the proeliatus of 1. 3. Piso Curionem, in totam illam manum feci! quomodo sum insectatus levitatem senum, libidinem iuventutis! saepe, 15 ita me di iuvent! te non solum auctorem consiliorum meorum, verum etiam spectatorem pugnarum mirifi2 carum desideravi. Postea vero quam Hortensius excogitavit, ut legem de religione Fufius tribunus pl. ferret, in qua nihil aliud a consulari rogatione differebat 20 nisi iudicum genus in eo autem erant omnia pugnavitque, ut ita fieret, quod et sibi et aliis persuaserat nullis illum iudicibus effugere posse, contraxi vela perspiciens inopiam iudicum neque dixi quidquam pro testimonio, nisi quod erat ita notum atque testa25 tum, ut non possem praeterire. Itaque, si causam quaeris absolutionis, ut iam о τо пóτεоν revertar, egestas iudicum fuit et turpitudo; id autem ut accideret, commissum est Hortensii consilio, qui, ... This re nem: M. Pupius Piso Calpurnia- | (see Exc. II. §§ 5 and 8). nus, now consul with M. Valerius sulted in a packed jury. de reli Messala, had been Clodius' sup- gione: sc. violata. Fufius, Caporter in all the proceedings before lenus. tribunus pl.: see p. 66, the senate. §§ 61-63. in eo omnia, ' on 13-16. Curionem: C. Scri- that depended everything.' pugbonius Curio, consul in 76, de-navit, 'carried his point.' nullis fended Clodius in court. aucto- posse, 'that Clodius could rem, spectatorem: translate as not escape, whoever the judges suggested Mur. 7. 29. might be.' iudicibus, ab. abs. nullis: connect the negative with posse. § 2. 17-22. desideravi, ‘longed for: cf. Eps. II. 2. 10 and I. 3. 16. Hortensius: see on Sull. 3. ... 26-28. πρὸς τὸ πρότερον [pros to proteron], 'to the first point:' cf. revertar: for the clause cf. Sull. 82. 35; III. 18. 8. iudicum : for position cf. Sull. 83. 11; IV. 18. 13. fuit, not the real apodosis to si . . . quaeris: cf. § 1. 8; for number cf. Ep. I. 3. 18. id . . . commissum est: cf. Ep. II. 3. 28. 33. Seeing that the senate's plan |