M. TULLI CICERONIS

ORATIO IN CATILINAM PRIMA

IN SENATU HABITA.

I. Quo usque tandem abutere, Catilina, patientia no- 1 stra? quam diu etiam furor iste tuus nos eludet? quem ad finem sese effrenata iactabit audacia? Nihilne te nocturnum praesidium Palati, nihil urbis vigiliae,

2. etiam, still,' in temporal meaning.

3. Nihilne, an emphatic nonne. Note the repetition of the same word at the beginning of successive clauses instead of a connective: it is called anaphora.

TITLE. — M. Tulli Ciceronis. | the quantity of penult and thus On the three names cf. A. 80 a; determine tense. H. 649; P. 666; on the gen. -i for -ii. A. 40 b; G. 29 R. 1; H. 51 5; B. 25 1; Cicero is said to be derived from cicer, 'a small pea.' Decline the three names side by side. Óratio: nom., used absolutely in the title of books, etc. in Catilinam, against Catilina.' prima: there are four orations commonly called 'against Catilina.' in senatu, see p. 31, § 50, and explain the circumstances under which this oration was delivered.

4. Palati, mons Palatinus. This hill was the original seat of Rome, and remained a point of great strategic importance, always promptly garrisoned when danger within the city was apprehended. On the brow of the hill toward the § 1. 1. 1. tandem, ‘I pray,' in in- Via Sacra stood the temple of Jupiterrogative and imperative sen- ter Stator, wherethe senate was now tences is the sign of intense feeling. assembled. Point qut these objects abutĕre, 6 use up,' 'exhaust' on Plan A. Cicero had increased (not 'abuse,' 'misuse'); observe the guards for political effect.

5 nihil timor populi, nihil concursus bonorum omnium. nihil hic munitissimus habendi senatus locus, nihil horum ora voltusque moverunt? Patere tua consilia non sentis, constrictam iam horum omnium scientia teneri coniurationem tuam non vides? Quid proxima, 10 quid superiore nocte egeris, ubi fueris, quos convocaveris, quid consilii ceperis, quem nostrum ignorare 2 arbitraris? O tempora, o mores! Senatus haec intellegit, consul videt; hic tamen vivit. Vivit? immo vero etiam in senatum venit, fit publici consilii parti15 ceps, notat et designat oculis ad caedem unum quemque nostrum. Nos autem fortes viri satis facere rei

5. bonorum, 'loyal men,' the| The strength of a conspiracy lies political sense of the word, in- in secrecy. cluding all persons in the speaker's party, and excluding all others; opposed to it are the words improbi, perditi.

6. locus, see on 1. 4. Where were the meetings of the senate commonly held? See Int., p. 75, $103.

7. ora voltusque, 'expression on the faces.' The expression of an idea by two connected nouns instead of by a single modified noun is called hendiadys; quote an example from Cæsar I. 3, ad fin, inter... dant.

8,9. constrictam teneri, how different in meaning from constrictam esse? A. 292 c; G. 230; H. 388 1 note; B. 337 6. Habeo is more common than. teneo in this use: quote example from Cæsar I. 15, quem . . . habebat. scientia; i.e., is powerless, because every one knows of it.

9-11. Read p. 30, § 49, and tell what places, times, and measures are meant. Some of the men called together are named in Sallust's account of the Conspiracy. Among them were ten senators, four knights, and many from places in Italy outside of Rome. 12. arbitraris. In the present indicative of deponent verbs, Cicero writes -ris not -re. What does he write in the future tense? cf. 1. 1.

publicae videmur, si istius furorem ac tela vitemus. Ad mortem te, Catilina, duci iussu consulis iam pridem oportebat, in te conferri pestem, quam tu in nos 19 machinaris. An vero vir amplissumus, P. Scipio, 3 pontifex maximus, Ti. Gracchum mediocriter labefactantem statum rei publicae privatus interfecit; Catilinam orbem terrae caede atque incendiis vastare cupientem nos consules perferemus? Nam illa nimis antiqua praetereo, quod C. Servilius Ahala Sp. Mae- 25 lium novis rebus studentem manu sua occidit. Fuit, fuit ista quondam in hac re publica virtus, ut viri fortes acrioribus suppliciis civem perniciosum quam

17. istius = Catilinae. This is the demonstrative used most frequently of one's opponent in court, debate, etc., and thus it often has a certain contemptuous force.

23. orbem terrae,' the circle of land,' around the Mediterranean, the whole earth.'

precedents might be given, or with deliberate exaggeration.

24. illa, the following precedents,' explained by the clause § 3. 20. An really introduces the quod... occidit. A. 333; G. 525; second part of a double direct | H. 540, IV.; B. 299 1,a. The plural question, of which in excited is used either to imply that more speech the first part is often omitted, as here. In translation the omitted part may be supplied from the context: "[Am I wrong], or did, etc.," or the an may be faintly represented by 'then.' an vero, the words go with both interfeciting the favor of the people, with a and perferemus.

21. P. Scipio Nasica was at the head of the optimates who (133) killed Ti. Sempronius Gracchus. Creighton, p. 57; Allen, p. 156; Myers, p. 80; Pennell, p. 96; pontifex maximus, p. 70, §§ 81, 82.

22. privatus. Nasica held no office at the time of the death of Gracchus. Privatus is opposed in meaning to magistratus. For list of magistrates, see p. 62, § 45.

25. Sp. Maelium. Maelius was a rich plebeian who sold corn to the poor at low rates during the famine of 439. He was accused of court

view to making himself king, and was summoned before the dictator Cincinnatus to answer to the charge. On his hesitating to obey, he was killed by Ahala, the magister equitum, p. 63, § 46.

acerbissimum hostem coërcerent. Habemus se 36 consultum in te, Catilina, vehemens et grave deest rei publicae consilium neque auctoritas ordinis; nos, nos, dico aperte, consules des 4 II. Decrevit quondam senatus, ut L. Opimius c videret, ne quid res publica detrimenti caperet ; nulla intercessit; interfectus est propter qua seditionum suspiciones C. Gracchus, clarissimo 5 avo, maioribus, occisus est cum liberis M. Fu consularis. Simili senatus consulto C. Mario e

30. consultum, 'decree.' For the formalities attending the passage of a 'consultum,' and the distinction between a consultum and auctoritas, ses p. 76, §§ 110, 111. For the decree referred to here, see p. 29, § 47; for its scope, Sallust Cat. 29 says: Ea potestas per senatum more Romano magistratui maxima permittitur, exercitum parare, bellum gerere, coercere omnibus modis socios atque civis, domi militiaeque imperium atque iudicium summum habere: aliter sine populi iussu nullius earum rerum consuli fas est.

31. consilium, 'wisdom,' 'advice,' 'statesmanship. In how many meanings is consilium used in this chapter?

Explain the case of patientia 1, nihil 4, senatus 6, nocte 10, consilii, quem 11, tempora 12, consilii 14, viri 16, consules 24; and the mood of ceperis 11.

carried a series of measures ing to overthrow the power senate. The senate took a tage of a riot to pass the c tum ultimum, arming L. Opi the one consul then at I against the revolutionists. chus himself, his chief supp M. Fulvius Flaccus, with the ter's young son and three thou of their followers were k Creighton, p. 59 f.; Allen, p. Myers, p. 81; Pennell, p. 97.

4. clarissimo patre, abl quality. The construction slightly irregular. Such an or equivalent gen., or adj., usu modifies a generic noun (h vir), in apposition with the pr name; but the generic nou often omitted as here. Quote amples from Caesar I. 10, ad and I. 18, 3, ad init., and whether they illustrate the reg or exceptional construction. 5. liberis. Really but one

§ 4. 1-10. Two precedents less was killed in the riot, and remote than that of Ahala.

1. quondam. In 121, Gaius Gracchus, tribune 123-122, had

plural is used by rhetorical ex geration, as illa, § 3, 24.

6, 7. C. Mario. What does