New Aspects of Renal Ammonia Metabolism

acid-base acidotic rats acivicin alanine albumin alkalosis amiloride amino acids ammonia concentration ammonia production ammonium apical arterial Basel basolateral bicarbonate Biochem biol blood brush border brush border membrane Bt2 cAMP Ca2+ cells Chem chronic metabolic acidosis clin Contr cortex cysteine decrease dehydrogenase dog kidney effect enzyme excretion fluid flux fraction gluconeogenesis glucose glutamate glutaminase glutamine concentration glutamine transport glutathione glycine Gougoux gradient HCO3 hepatocytes hypokalemia increased incubation infusion inhibition intracellular isolated Karger kidney Kidney int lactate Lemieux liver luminal membrane vesicles metabolic acidosis metabolite mitochondria mRNA NaHCO3 nephron NH₁ NH3 concentration NH4+ observed PEPCK perfused Physiol plasma potassium protein proximal tubule pyruvate rat kidney rat renal reabsorption regulation renal ammonia renal ammoniagenesis renal cortex renal cortical renal veins serine synthesis substrate synthetase thick ascending limb tion tissue tNH3 secretion total ammonia transepithelial tubular uptake urea urine Vinay vitro vivo y-GluGln y-GT