National Innovation Systems: A Comparative AnalysisRichard R. Nelson Oxford University Press, 3 giu 1993 - 560 pagine The slowdown of growth in Western industrialized nations in the last twenty years, along with the rise of Japan as a major economic and technological power (and enhanced technical sophistication of Taiwan, Korea, and other NICs) has led to what the authors believe to be a "techno-nationalism." This combines a strong belief that technological capabilities of a nation;s firms are a key source of their competitive process, with a belief that these capabilities are in a sense national, and can be built by national action. This book is about these national systems of technical innovation. The heart of the work contains studies of seventeen countries--from large market-oriented industrialized ones to several smaller high income ones, including a number of newly industrialized states as well. Clearly written, this work highlights institutions and mechanisms which support technical innovation, showing similarities, differences, and their sources across nations, making this work accessible to students as well as the scholars of innovation. |
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agricultural aircraft areas Argentina Australian basic research biotechnology Brazil Britain budget Canada Canadian capital century chaebols chemicals civilian companies competitive cooperation countries defense Denmark diffusion domestic electrical electronics engineering enterprises equipment established European expanded exports federal financed France French funds Germany high-tech high-technology important increased indus industrial R&D industrial research investment Israel Japan Japanese Korea labor laboratories large firms machinery major manufacturing ment military million Ministry national innovation systems national system nology nomic nuclear OECD organizations patents performance period postwar private sector production programs projects R&D activities R&D efforts R&D expenditures R&D intensity research institutions reverse engineering role Science and Technology scientific scientists share small firms Source strategy structure suppliers Sweden Swedish system of innovation Table Taiwan tech technological capabilities technology policy telecommunications tion trade U. S. dollars United Kingdom universities West Germany World War II
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Pagina 4 - the processes by which firms master and get into practice product designs and manufacturing processes that are new to them, whether or not they are new to the universe, or even to the nation.
Pagina 5 - systems' concept is that of a set of institutional actors that, together, play the major role in influencing innovative performance. The broad concept of innovation that we have adopted has forced us to consider much more than simply the actors doing research and development. Indeed, a problem with the broader definition of innovation is that it provides no sharp guide to just what should be included in the innovation system, and what can be left out.