Aesthetic as Science of Expression and General Linguistic

ΧΙ

CRITICISM OF ESTHETIC HEDONISM

Criticism of the beautiful as that which pleases the higher senses-Criti-

cism of the theory of play-Criticism of the theory of sexuality and

of triumph-Criticism of the Esthetic of the sympathetic: meaning

in it of content and form-Esthetic hedonism and moralism--

The rigoristic negation, and the pedagogic justification of art—

Criticism of pure beauty

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THE ESTHETIC OF THE SYMPATHETIC AND PSEUDO-ÆSTHETIC

CONCEPTS

Pseudo-æsthetic concepts, and the Æsthetic of the sympathetic-Criti-

cism of the theory of the ugly in art and of the overcoming of it

-Pseudo-æsthetic concepts belong to Psychology-Impossibility

of rigorous definitions of them-Examples: definitions of the

sublime, of the comic, of the humorous-Relation between these

concepts and æsthetic concepts

Esthetic activity and physical concepts-Expression in the æsthetic

sense, and expression in the naturalistic sense-Representations

and memory-The production of aids to memory-Physical

beauty-Content and form: another meaning-Natural beauty

and artificial beauty-Mixed beauty-Writings-Free and non-free

beauty-Criticism of non-free beauty-Stimulants of production

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ERRORS ARISING FROM THE CONFUSION BETWEEN

PHYSICS AND ESTHETIC

Criticism of æsthetic associationism-Criticism of æsthetic Physics-
Criticism of the theory of the beauty of the human body-Criticism
of the beauty of geometrical figures-Criticism of another aspect

of the imitation of nature-Criticism of the theory of the elementary

forms of the beautiful-Criticism of the search for the objective

conditions of the beautiful-The astrology of Esthetic.

The practical activity of externalization-The technique of external-

ization-Technical theories of the different arts-Criticism of

æsthetic theories of particular arts-Criticism of the classification of

the arts-Criticism of the theory of the union of the arts-Relation

of the activity of externalization to utility and morality.

TASTE AND THE REPRODUCTION OF ART

Esthetic judgement: its identity with æsthetic reproduction — Im-

possibility of divergences-Identity of taste and genius-Analogy

with other activities-Criticism of æsthetic absolutism (intellectual-

ism) and relativism-Criticism of relative relativism-Objection

founded on the variation of the stimulus and of psychic dis-

position-Criticism of the distinction of signs into natural and con-

ventional-The surmounting of variety-Restorations and historical

interpretation

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THE HISTORY OF LITERATURE AND OF ART

Historical criticism in literature and art: its importance-Literary and

artistic history: its distinction from historical criticism and from

the aesthetic judgement-The method of artistic and literary history

-Criticism of the problem of the origin of art—The criterion of

progress and history—Non-existence of a single line of progress in

artistic and literary history-Errors committed against this law-

Other meanings of the word "progress" in relation to Esthetic . 128

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CONCLUSION: IDENTITY OF LINGUISTIC AND ESTHETIC

Summary of the study-Identity of Linguistic with Esthetic-Esthetic
formulation of linguistic problems-Nature of language-Origin

of language and its development-Relation between Grammar and

Logic-Grammatical kinds or parts of speech-The individuality

of speech and the classification of languages-Impossibility of a

normative Grammar-Didactic organisms-Elementary linguistic

facts, or roots-Esthetic judgement and the model language

ÆSTHETIC IDEAS IN GRÆCO-ROMAN ANTIQUITY

Point of view of this History of Esthetic-Mistaken tendencies, and
attempts towards an Æsthetic, in Græco-Roman antiquity-Origin
of the aesthetic problem in Greece-Plato's rigoristic negation
Esthetic hedonism and moralism Mystical æsthetic in

antiquity Investigations as to the Beautiful-Distinction be-

tween the theory of Art and the theory of the Beautiful-Fusion

of the two by Plotinus-The scientific tendency: Aristotle-The

concepts of imitation and of imagination after Aristotle: Philos-

tratus-Speculations on language

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ESTHETIC IDEAS IN THE MIDDLE AGES AND RENAISSANCE

Middle Ages. Mysticism: Ideas on the Beautiful-The pedagogic theory

of art in the Middle Ages-Hints of an Æsthetic in scholastic philo-

sophy-Renaissance: Philography and philosophical and empirical

inquiries concerning the Beautiful-The pedagogic theory of art

and the Poetics of Aristotle-The "Poetics of the Renaissance "-