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VII
OTHER ÆSTHETIC DOCTRINES OF THE SAME PERIOD
Other writers of the eighteenth century: Batteux-The English: W.
Hogarth-E. Burke-H. Home-Eclecticism and sensationalism:
E. Platner Fr. Hemsterhuis - Neo-Platonism and mysticism:
Winckelmann-Beauty and lack of significance-Winckelmann's
contradictions and compromises-A. R. Mengs-G. E. Lessing—
Theorists of ideal Beauty-G. Spalletti and the characteristic-
Beauty and the characteristic: Hirt, Meyer, Goethe
VIII
PAGE
257
IMMANUEL KANT
I. Kant-Kant and Vico-Identity of the concept of Art in Kant and
Baumgarten-Kant's "Lectures "Art in the Critique of Judg
ment-Imagination in Kant's system--The forms of intuition and
the Transcendental Esthetic-Theory of Beauty distinguished by
Kant from that of Art-Mystical features in Kant's theory of Beauty
IX
THE ESTHETIC OF IDEALISM: SCHILLER, SCHELLING,
SOLGER, HEGEL
The Critique of Judgment and metaphysical idealism-F. Schiller
-Relations between Schiller and Kant--The æsthetic sphere as the
sphere of Play-Æsthetic education-Vagueness and lack of pre-
cision in Schiller's Esthetic-Schiller's caution and the rashness of
the Romanticists-Ideas on Art: J. P. Richter-Romantic Esthetic
and idealistic Esthetic-J. G. Fichte-Irony: Schlegel, Tieck,
Novalis F. Schelling-Beauty and character—Art and Philosophy
-Ideas and the gods: Art and mythology-K. W. Solger-Fancy
and imagination-Art, practice and religion-G. W. F. Hegel-Art
in the sphere of absolute spirit-Beauty as sensible appearance of
the Idea Esthetic in metaphysical idealism and Baumgartenism--
Mortality and decay of art in Hegel's system
X
SCHOPENHAUER AND HERBART
Esthetic mysticism in the opponents of idealism-A. Schopenhauer- Ideas as the object of art-Esthetic catharsis-Signs of a better
272
283
theory in Schopenhauer-J. F. Herbart-Pure Beauty and re-
lations of form-Art as sum of content and form-Herbart and
Kantian thought.
304
ΧΙ
FRIEDRICH SCHLEIERMACHER
Esthetic of content and Esthetic of form: meaning of the contrast-
Friedrich Schleiermacher-Wrong judgements concerning him-
Schleiermacher contrasted with his predecessors-Place assigned to
Esthetic in his Ethics-Esthetic activity as immanent and individual
-Artistic truth and intellectual truth-Difference of artistic con-
sciousness from feeling and religion-Dreams and art inspiration
and deliberation-Art and the typical-Independence of art-Art
and language-Schleiermacher's defects--Schleiermacher's services
to Esthetic.
312
XII
THE PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE: HUMBOLDT AND STEINTHAL
Progress of Linguistic-Linguistic speculation at the beginning of the
nineteenth century-Wilhelm von Humboldt: relics of intellectual-
ism-Language as activity: internal form-Language and art in
Humboldt-H. Steinthal: the linguistic function independent of
the logical-Identity of the problems of the origin and the nature
of language-Steinthal's mistaken ideas on art: his failure to unite
Linguistic and Esthetic
324
XIII
MINOR GERMAN ÆSTHETICIANS
Minor æstheticians in the metaphysical school-Krause, Trahndorff,
Weisse and others-Fried. Theodor Vischer-Other tendencies-
Theory of the Beautiful in nature, and that of the Modifications
of Beauty-Development of the first theory: Herder—Schelling,
Solger, Hegel Schleiermacher - Alexander von Humboldt-
Vischer's "Esthetic Physics "The theory of the Modifications of
Beauty from antiquity to the eighteenth century-Kant and the
post-Kantians-Culmination of the development-Double form of
the theory: the overcoming of the ugly: Solger, Weisse and others
-Passage from abstract to concrete: Vischer-The "legend of
Sir Purebeauty".
334
XIV
ÆSTHETIC IN FRANCE, ENGLAND AND ITALY DURING THE
FIRST HALF OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY
Esthetic movement in France: Cousin, Jouffroy-English Esthetic-
Italian Esthetic-Rosmini and Gioberti-Italian
Dependence of art
Romantics.
350
XV
FRANCESCO DE SANCTIS
F. de Sanctis development of his thought-Influence of Hegelism
-Unconscious criticism of Hegelism - Criticisms of German
Esthetic-Final rebellion against metaphysical Esthetic-De
Sanctis' own theory-The concept of form-De Sanctis as art-critic
-De Sanctis as philosopher
358
XVI
ESTHETIC OF THE EPIGONI
Revival of Herbartian Esthetic-Robert Zimmermann-Vischer versus
Zimmermann-Hermann Lotze-Efforts to reconcile Esthetic of
form and Esthetic of content-K. Köstlin-Esthetic of content.
M. Schasler-Eduard von Hartmann-Hartmann and the theory
of modifications-Metaphysical Esthetic in France: C. Levêque
-In England: J. Ruskin-ÆEsthetic in Italy-Antonio Tari and
his lectures-Esthesigraphy
370
XVII
ÆSTHETIC POSITIVISM AND NATURALISM
Positivism and evolutionism-Esthetic of H. Spencer-Physiologists
of Esthetic: Grant Allen, Helmholtz and others-Method of the
natural sciences in Esthetic-H. Taine's Esthetic-Taine's meta-
physic and moralism-G. T. Fechner: inductive Esthetic-Ex-
periments-Trivial nature of his ideas on Beauty and Art-Ernst
Grosse speculative Æsthetic and the Science of Art-Sociological
Esthetic-Proudhon-J. M. Guyau-M. Nordau-Naturalism: C.
Lombroso-Decline of linguistic-Signs of revival: H. Paul-The
linguistic of Wundt
:
XVIII
ESTHETIC PSYCHOLOGISM AND OTHER RECENT TENDENCIES
Neo-criticism and empiricism-Kirchmann-Metaphysic translated into
Psychology: Vischer-Siebeck-M. Diez-Psychological tendency.
Teodor Lipps-K. Groos-The modifications of the Beautiful in
Groos and Lipps-E. Véron and the double form of Esthetic-
L. Tolstoy-F. Nietzsche-An æsthetician of Music: E. Hanslick
-Hanslick's concept of form-Estheticians of the figurative arts:
C. Fiedler-Intuition and expression-Narrow limits of these
theories-H. Bergson-Attempts to return to Baumgarten: C.
Hermann-Eclecticism: B. Bosanquet-Esthetic of expression :
present state
404
XIX
HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF SOME PARTICULAR DOCTRINES
Result of the history of Esthetic-History of science and history of the
scientific criticism of particular errors
420
1. RHETORIC: OR THE THEORY OF ORNATE FORM
Rhetoric in the ancient sense-Criticism from moral point of view-
Accumulation without system-Its fortunes in the Middle Ages
and Renaissance-Criticisms by Vives, Ramus and Patrizzi-Sur-
vival into modern times-Modern signification of Rhetoric: theory
of literary form-Concept of ornament-Classes of ornament-
The concept of the Fitting-The theory of ornament in the Middle
Ages and Renaissance-Reductio ad absurdum in the seventeenth
century-Polemic concerning the theory of ornament-Du Marsais
and metaphor-Psychological interpretation-Romanticism and
Rhetoric: present day
422
II. HISTORY OF ARTISTIC AND LITERARY KINDS
The kinds in antiquity: Aristotle-In the Middle Ages and Renais-
sance-The doctrine of the three unities-Poetics of the kinds and
rules: Scaliger-Lessing-Compromises and extensions-Rebellion
against rules in general-G. Bruno, Guarini-Spanish critics-
G. B. Marino-G. V. Gravina-Fr. Montani-Critics of the
eighteenth century-Romanticism and the "strict kinds": Berchet,
V. Hugo-Their persistence in philosophical theories—Fr. Schelling
-E. von Hartmann-The kinds in the schools
436
b
III. THE THEORY OF THE LIMITS OF THE ARTS
The limits of the arts in Lessing-Arts of space and arts of time-Limits
and classifications of the arts in later philosophy : Herder and Kant
-Schelling, Solger-Schopenhauer, Herbart-Weisse, Zeising,
Vischer M. Schasler-E. v. Hartmann-The supreme art :
Richard Wagner-Lotze's attack on classifications-Contradictions
in Lotze-Doubts in Schleiermacher
449
IV. OTHER PARTICULAR DOCTRINES
The Esthetic theory of natural beauty-The theory of æsthetic senses-
The theory of kinds of style-The theory of grammatical forms or
parts of speech-Theory of aesthetic criticism-Distinction between
taste and genius-Concept of artistic and literary history-Conclusion
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX
INDEX
459
475
491