5. dimittere: to discharge from the service.

Quirites: the proper

form of address to citizens in their political and civil capacity, implying that the soldiers were soldiers no longer, but civilians.

6. circumegit et flexit: sc. eos from the relative clause; notice the figurative sense of the verbs.

7. quamvis recusantem: Introd. II. § 6. m.

10. multavit: this scarcely agrees with App., B. C. II. 94 and Dio, XLII. 53.

Chapter 71. Protection of Clients

12. Masintham: perhaps a relative, apparently a vassal of Hiempsal, king of Numidia, father of Juba.

14. barbam invaserit: Introd. II. § 4. m.

16. ex praetura: Introd. II. § 5. j. (1).

17. prosequentium: the persons making a complimentary escort, as usual, attending a magistrate on his departure from Rome, cum imperio; Introd. II. § 1. c.

Chapter 72. Kindness to Friends

19. facilitate: obliging disposition.

20. Gaio Oppio: cf. page 27, line 13, and page 29, line 3.

21. deversoriolo: probably not an inn but a mere chance shelter for the night. Notice the construction of the two cases, dative and ablative with cesserit; Introd. II. § 4. u; cf. page 82, line 13.

23. rerum potens: the adjective in the sense of a participle, potitus; when he had gained (supreme) power.

Chapter 73. Generosity to Enemies

28. contra: on the other hand, on the contrary; Introd. II. § 5. h. ut non: Introd. II. § 8. m.

nullas tam

(2). 29. libens: = libenter; Introd. II. § 3. e. Gai Memmi: this Memmius was the patron of Catullus, to whom Lucretius dedicated his great poem De Rerum Natura; he was a candidate for the consulship in 54 B.C., having been reconciled to Caesar, to whom he was hostile both before and after; see page 11, line 9, and page 25, line 7.

31. petitione consulatus: Introd. II. § 4. d.

32. Gaio Calvo: a friend of Catullus, born May 28, 82 B.C., on the

same day as M. Caelius Rufus; a distinguished orator, and poet famous for his fierce lampoons and for his beautiful and tender elegies.

Page 36. 1. Valerium Catullum: the poem referred to is the 29th or 57th, perhaps both. Mamurra, an eques, evidently a very capable engineer, praefectus fabrum of Pompey and afterward of Caesar in Gaul, became scandalously rich through Caesar's indulgence. Probably he is the "Mentula" satirized by Catullus in poems 94, 105, 114, and 115.

3. satis facientem: apologizing; cf. Tib. 27; Claud. 38. 1; Frontinus, Strategemata, I. 9. 4.

4. adhibuit cenae : Introd. II §4. j.

Chapter 74. Moderation in Vengeance

6. piratas: see chap. 4.

9. Cornelio Phagitae: see chap. 1. 2. The bribe was two talents, according to Plut., Caes. I.

10. insidias . . . evaserat : Introd. II. § 4. m.

12. a manu servum: i. e. an a-manu-ensis, as we say; Introd. II. § 5. a. (5); cf. ab actis, ab epistulis, a rationibus, a libris, a libellis, as similar expressions of functions by means of the preposition a. Such phrases are comparatively rare in literature, but very frequent in inscriptions. Suetonius seems to have been the first author, perhaps with the exception of Seneca, to use many of them; see J. C. Rolfe, A, Ab, Abs, in Archiv für Lateinische Lexicographie, X. 481-486.

14. simplici morte: this was comparatively merciful because it was usual to put slaves to death by scourging and crucifixion. in Publium Clodium: see page 3, line 26.

17. Aurelia: she had detected Clodius in woman's clothing.

Chapter 75. Clemency in the Civil War

24. Denuntiante Pompeio: Caes., B. C. I. 33: Pompeius discedens ab urbe in senatu dixerat se eodem se habiturum loco qui Romae remansissent, et qui in castris Caesaris fuissent; cf. Plut., Pomp. LXI; App., B. C. II. 37; Dio, XLI. 6; Polyaenus, VIII. 23. 27.

25. medios et neutrius partis : Introd. II. § 10. a and II. § 4. b. 26. numero: sc. in; Introd. II. § 4. r.

27. ordines: centurions' posts; the company or century was called ordo.

28. apud Ilerdam: in Spain, in the summer of 49 B.C.; see chap. 34. 2.

30. Afranius et Petreius: cf. page 17, line 26, and notes.

32. perfidiam: cf. Caes., B. C. I. 75, 76, 77; Polyaenus, VIII. 23. 28.

Page 37. 1. proclamavit: cf. App., B. C. II. 80; Polyaenus, VIII. 23. 29; Flor., IV. 2. 50 (II. 13. 50).

2. nemini non: a striking instance of litotes; Introd. II. § 10. k. 3. Nec ulli perisse: cf. Vell. Paterc., II. 52.

4. Afranio et Fausto: cf. Caes., B. Afr. XCV; Flor, IV. 2. 90 (II. 13. 90); Eutrop., VI. 23; Oros., VI. 16. 4 and 5; Dio, XLIII. 12; App., B. C. II. 100; Plut., Caes. LIII. For Faustus cf. page 13, line 24, and

note.

5. Lucio Caesare iuvene: the son of L. Caesar who was legate of Caesar in Gaul (B. G. VII. 65). For the son see Drumann-Groebe, III. 120. 121; Caes., B. Afr. LXXXVIII. 3, 6; LXXXIX. 4; he appears to have been murdered by the soldiers, not by Caesar's wish. As to the liberti, servi, and bestiae, see Drumann (loc. cit.), footnote to page

122.

6

11. permisit: notice its position between two dependent infinitives. 12. sed et in the sense of and what is more'; Introd. II. § 6. e. statuas Luci Sullae atque Pompei: thrown down by the people at the news of the battle of Pharsalus, and now restored by Caesar's orders; Dio, XLII. 18; XLIII. 49; Plut., Caes. LVII; Cic. XL; Polyaenus, VIII. 23. 31.

...

14. si qua . . . dicerentur: the clauses are iterative; see note to сит signarent, page 9, line 19; Introd. II. § 8. h. One would expect to find the apodosis in the imperfect tense. See page 57, line 21, and note.

19. Auli... Caecinae probably the son of Cicero's client in his Pro Caecina; a learned Etruscan of Volaterrae, who went into exile after the battle of Pharsalus, in consequence of his libellous works against Caesar; in Cicero's correspondence are three letters to and one from Caecina (ad Fam. VI. 5-8).

20. Pitholai: a freedman, who opened a school of rhetoric in 81 B.C. Macrobius (Sat. II. 2. 13) says: M. Otacilius Pitholaus, cum Caninius Rebilus uno tantum die consul fuisset, dixit: "Ante flamines, nunc consules diales fiunt".

21. laceratam: figurative use of lacero. civili animo:= leniter; cf. Tac., Ann. IV. 21: quae Tiberius civiliter habuit; and Ann. II. 34: Tiberius hactenus indulgere matri civile ratus; civilitatis eius, page 76, line 28.

Chapter 76. Offices and Honors

23. Praegravant : turn the scale.

25. continuum consulatum: Caesar was consul for the first time with Bibulus in 59 B.C.; for the second, with Servilius Isauricus in 48 B.C.; for the third, with Lepidus in 46 B.C.; for the fourth, without a colleague in 45 B.C.; for the fifth, with Mark Antony in 44 B.C.

26. perpetuam dictaturam: he was dictator a few days in the autumn of 49 B.C. on his return from Spain; in 47 B.C. with M. Antony as magister equitum; in 45 B.C. with Lepidus, and in 44 B.C. with Lepidus and Octavius as magistri equitum. praefecturam morum: this amounted to being censor without a colleague.

27. praenomen Imperatoris: consult Harper's Dict. of Classical Antiq. under title imperator. Imperator seems rather to have been a cognomen in Julius Caesar's case. With Augustus and the emperors from Nero on it became a praenomen. Suetonius naturally thought of it as it was in his time; Mommsen, Staatsrecht, index under imperator; PaulyWissowa, Real. Encyclopädie under art. imperator. Patris patriae :

this title was bestowed for the first time upon Cicero; Greenidge, Roman Public Life, 354.

28. statuam inter reges: there was also the statue of Brutus, the first consul, with those of the kings; Plut., Brut. I; as to Caesar see Dio, XLIII. 45. in orchestra: the part of the theater reserved for senators. sed et := sed etiam; Introd. II. § 6. d.

30. pro tribunali: not in front of ', below, but upon, at the front of the tribunal, the platform on which a magistrate sat giving judgment. tensam: an ornamental sacred car or chariot on which the statue of a god was conveyed in processions to the circus for the great games; cf. page 72, line 30.

simulacra

31. templa: Dio, XLIV. 6; App., B. C. II. 106. 443. iuxta deos: Dio, XLIII. 14; XLIV. 4; Flor., II. 13. (IV. 2) 91.

cf.

32. pulvinar a cushion or couch on which the image of a god was placed for a sacred banquet (lectisternium). In later biographies Suetonius seems to use the word in a different sense, e.g. Claud. 4. 3; page 73, line 26, and note. lupercos: a new sodalitas (Iuliani) was added to the old ones (Fabiani and Quintiliani); they were priests of Faunus, Lupercus, or Pan. Dio, XLIV. 6. This sodalitas of Iuliani was abolished before April, 43 в.c. (Cic., Phil. XIII. 15. 31). See Wissowa, Religion und Kultus der Römer, 484, n. 2. mensis: Quintilis was changed to Iulius. e suo nomine: Introd. II. § 5. t.

Page 38. 2. titulo tenus: in name only. The year was dated by his consulship, but he resigned the office immediately to a consul suffectus; as to tenus see Introd. II. § 5. s. (2).

5. in.. menses: Introd. II. § 5. k. (1). (b).

7. praefectos: substitutes temporarily appointed by kings or consuls in their absence, and thus personal deputies, not vice-magistrates, as a praetor was to a consul. We read of the praefectus urbi or urbis in the reign of Tarquinius Superbus.

8. Pridie... Kalendas: Caninius Rebilus was appointed consul suffectus for a few hours of the 31st December 45 B.c. in place of Fabius Maximus, who died on that day. Hence Cicero's famous jest about the consul who never slept.

11. in pluris annos: pluris = compluris as at page 42, line 4. Caesar was at this time preparing to be absent for a long time for the Parthian

war.

13. quosdam ... Gallorum: cf. Senatum supplevit, page 21, line 4; page 40, line 7; Cic., ad Fam. IX. 15. 2, in urbem nostram infusa est peregrinitas, etc.

14. monetae: the mint was properly in charge of the tres viri monetales (A(ere) A(rgento) A(uro) F(lando) F(eriundo)), who constituted a regular magistracy after the Social War. Mommsen, Staatsrecht, II. 587; Lange thinks it was created in 288 B.C.

15. peculiares: personal, private. Trium legionum: the regular number in Egypt, till Tiberius reduced it to two; Tac., Ann. IV. 5. 4; Hist. II. 6; in Strabo's time Egypt had 3 legions and 9 cohorts (XVII. 1. 12. 797).

16. Rufioni: a person otherwise unknown. The Emperors did not entrust Egypt to proconsuls or propraetors, but governed it by their personal deputies (praefecti), some of whom were freedmen.

Chapter 77. Insolence in Power

18. inpotentiae: violence due to lack of self-control. ut Titus Ampius (Balbus) scribit: notice the unusual form of citation. This writer is mentioned in Caes., B. C. III. 105; Cicero addressed to him ad Fam. VI. 12. See Tyrrell, Introduction to Vol. IV of Cicero's Correspondence, p. lxx.

21. nescisse litteras: sometimes understood 'did not know history (literature)'; better taken as a general phrase meaning 'was an ignoramus, a fool', as we say "he does not know his A, B, C," of one who