(2) With a following quam, still governing an accusative: ante paucos dies quam aedilitatem iniret, Jul. 9. 1; ante paucos quam nasceretur menses, Aug. 94. 3. e. Apud: equivalent to in and the ablative, or the locative, of cities, islands and other places : apud easdem aras, Aug. 94. 5; apud Actium, Aug. 17. 2; Apud insulam Capreas, Aug. 92. 2; apud Hierosolyma, Aug. 93. f. Circa, Circum: (1) 'Around to' or 'around through': libellos circum tribum missos, Jul. 41. 2; consules designatos circum provincias exercitusque dimisit, Aug. 64. 1. (2) Of retinue or attendants, in an attributive phrase: Omnibus vero circa eum... obstrictis, Jul. 27. 1. (3) Equivalent to de: Circa corporis curam morosior, Jul. 45. 2; Circa libidines haesit, Aug. 71. 1. citra senatus populique auctoritatem, Jul. 28. 1; citra commoda, Aug. 24. 2; citra honorem verborum, Aug. 66. 4. So ultra praescriptum, Jul. 28.3. h. Contra: (1) 'Facing': contra praetoris tribunal, Aug. 44.3; iacens contra solis exortum, Aug. 94. 6. (2) 'On the other hand': Simultates contra . . . excepit, Jul. 73. i. De: (1) For the more usual ex: de Cleopatra liberis, Aug. 17. 1. (2) In abbreviated expressions: tropaea Gai Mari de Jugurtha deque Cimbris atque Teutonis, Jul. 11; praecipua militiae laus de tam inbelli genere hostium, Jul. 35. 2. j. Ex: e diverso (= contra), Jul. 86. 2; ex inproviso, Aug. 16. 3; ex occasione (= occasione data), Jul. 60. k. In: (1) With the accusative: (a) To express design or purpose, = ad: in filiae memoriam, Jul. 26. 2; in puerilem habitum, Aug. 45. 4; In restitutionem Palatinae domus, Aug. 57.2. (b) of time: in reliquum anni tempus, Jul. 14.2; in ternos novissimos menses, Jul. 76. 2; in noctem, Aug. 33. 1; in serum, Aug. 17. 2. (c) After adjectives: Pronum et sumptuosum in libidines, Jul. 50. 1. (2) With the ablative : (a) Of time, where the best writers would omit it: in aetate qua iam Alexander . . . subegisset, Jul. 7.1; in illo temporis spatio, Aug. 78. 1; especially in phrases like In consulatu, Aug. 53. 2; in senecta, Aug. 79. 2; in transitu, Jul. 56. 5; in traiectu, Aug. 17.3. (b) With the gerundive, following an adjective: in capite comendo tam incuriosus, Aug. 79. 1. 1. Inter: (1) Equivalent to apud: professus ante inter suos, Jul. 34. 2; domi et inter suos, Aug. 61. 1. (2) Of time: inter publicas caerimonias, Jul. 6. 2; Inter quae, Jul. 26. 1; inter res agendas, Jul. 45. 1; Inter cenam, Aug. 71. 2. m. Intra: as an adverb, a post-Augustan usage: (1) In a distributive sense : per centurias, Jul. 19. 1; per singulos lectos, Aug. 75. (2) In a temporal sense, inter : per comitia (= dum comitia habentur), Jul. 80. 4; per quietem, Jul. 7.2; per . ludos, Aug. 44. 1. (3) In adverbial phrases: per causam, Jul. 2; per iocum, Jul. 20. 2; per iram, Aug. 54; per occasionem, Aug. 67. 2; per arma, Jul. 16. 1. o. Post: post tres liberos (= tribus liberis natis), Jul. 50. 1. p. Secundum: equivalent to per : secundum quietem, Aug. 94. 9. q. Sub: to express limitation or exception: sub exceptione, Jul. 78. 2; sub condicione (= ea condicione), Jul. 68. 1; sub lege, Aug. 21. 2. r. Super: (1) With the ablative: equivalent to de: super tali consternatione, Jul. 20. 1. (2) With the accusative : (a) Equivalent to inter : super cenam, Aug. 77. (b) Equivalent to plus, amplius, plures quam: super sestertium milies, Jul. 26. 2; super mille, Aug. 35. 1. (c) Equivalent to praeter: super bina sestertia, Jul. 38. 1; super templa et aras, Aug. 59; super festinatas Liviae nuptias, Aug. 69. 1. t. Prepositional phrases are frequently found as attributive modifiers of nouns : genere panis ex herba, Jul. 68. 2; appellationem mensis e suo nomine, Jul. 76. 1; tristia et sine corde exta, Jul. 77; nuntiis de seditione, Aug. 17.3; collegam patris . . . in aedilitate, Aug. 27. 1; asperrimam de se epistulam, Aug. 51. 1. § 6. ADVERBS AND CONJUNCTIONS a. Adverbs are used attributively: quater consulis, Jul. 1. 1. c. Atque stands for quam after a comparative: gravius atque ipse sensisset exceptam, Jul. 14. 1. d. Et is very commonly used for etiam: Dilexit et reginas, Jul. 52. 1. So sed et is often found for sed etiam, following non modo, non solum: non tribunatum modo. . . sed et praefecturas, Aug. 38. 2; with etiam added: Non enim honores modo . . sed et ampliora etiam, Jul. 76. 1. e. Sed et is often used at the beginning of a chapter or period in the sense of åλλà μǹv κaí, ‘and what is more': sed et statuas . . . reposuit, Jul. 75. 4. f. Igitur occurs at the beginning of a sentence: Igitur grassaturas Jul. 19. 2. inhibuit, Aug. 32. 1; Igitur . . creatur, g. Itaque is often postpositive: Crebro itaque illa iactabat, Aug. 25. 4. h. Item is often equivalent to et or etiam: (1) In enumerations : Lecticarum usum, item conchyliatae vestis et margaritarum, Jul. 43. 1. (2) To recall the verb of the first clause: pronuntiavit senatus consultum item navale proelium, Aug. 43. 1. item ius iurandum, Jul. 84. 2; |