recognōscās. Meministīne mē ante diem XII Kalendās No-7 vembris dicere in senātū fore in armīs certō diē, quī diēs futūrus esset ante diem vi Kal. Novembris, C. Manlium, audaciae 10 satellitem atque administrum tuae? Num mē fefellit, Catilina, non modo rēs tanta, tam atrox tamque incredibilis, vērum, id quod multo magis est admirandum, diēs? Dixi ego idem in senātū caedem tē optumātium contulisse in ante diem v Kalendās Novembris, tum cum multi principēs cīvitātis Rōmā nōn 15 tam sui conservandi quam tuōrum cōnsiliōrum reprimendōrum causā profūgērunt. Num īnfitiārī potes tē illō ipsō diē meis praesidiis, mea diligentia circumclusum commovēre tē contrā rem publicam non potuisse, cum tū discessû cēterōrum nostrā tamen, qui remānsissēmus, caede tē contentum esse dīcēbās? Quid? 8 20 cum te Praeneste Kalendis ipsis Novembribus occupātūrum nocturno impetu esse cōnfiderēs, sēnsistīne illam colōniam meō

of a rhetorical nature and in colloquial language. It is probable that it had originally a negative force. ante diem xii Kal. Nov.: The full phrase would naturally be die duodecimo ante Kalendas Novembres (A. 424, g; 631; B. 371, 372; H. 754, 755; H.-B. 664 ff.). What should we expect for the same words in 11. 9 and 13? xii here, vi in 1. 9 and v in l. 13 stand for what kind of numeral? Give each in full.

8. dicere: represents the imperfect indicative in direct discourse (A. 584, a, note; H.-B. 593, b). What tense should we expect?

10. fefellit: from fallo. Its subjects are res and dies, but the sentence should be recast in English, 'I was not deceived in, etc.'

11. res: Think what 'the thing' meant really is, and translate accordingly, never using the vague 'event,' 'fact,' etc., where definiteness is possible.

12. idem: nom. (A. 298, b; B. 248 1; H. 508, 3; H.-B. 270, a).

13. in ante diem: the prep. in governs the date-phrase as if the latter were one word.

14. tum cum: 'at the time when.' 15. sui conservandi: see A. 504, c; B. 339, 5; H. 626, 3; H.-B. 614. Gender, number and case of sui? Is conservandi gerund or gerundive? How determined? The sentence is bitterly ironical, a withering rebuke to the cowardice of the senate.

18, 19. nostra... qui: The possessive pronoun nostra (agreeing with caede) is equivalent to nostri, the gen. pl. of ego, and from this gen. pl. as its true antecedent qui takes its gender and number (A. 302, a; B. 243, 2 and 251 2; H. 501, 2). Quid: This little anticipatory question draws attention to what follows; its full meaning is 'What do you think of what I am going to say?'

20. Praeneste: A town twenty miles southeast of Rome, in the Hernican mountains. It had been the last stronghold of the younger Marius in 82, and on its capitulation Sulla had put most of its citizens to death. He subsequently established one of his colonies on its site, and Catiline hoped to use it as a fortified post.

iussū meīs praesidiis, custōdiis, vigiliis esse mūnītam? Nihil agis, nihil mōliris, nihil cōgitās, quod non ego non modo audiam, sed etiam videam plānēque sentiam.

4. Recognosce tandem mēcum noctem illam superiōrem; iam intelleges multō mē vigilāre acrius ad salutem quam të ad perniciem rei publicae. Dīcō te priōre nocte vēnisse inter falcāriōs (nōn agam obscūrē) in M. Laecae domum; convēnisse 5 eōdem complūrēs eiusdem āmentiae scelerisque socios. Num negare audēs? quid taces? Convincam, si negās. Video enim esse hic in senātū quōsdam, qui tēcum ūnā fuerunt. O di 9 inmortālēs! ubinam gentium sumus? in qua urbe vivimus? quam rem publicam habemus? Hic, hic sunt in nostro numerō, 10 patrēs cōnscripti, in hoc orbis terrae sanctissimo gravissimoque cōnsiliō, qui de nostrō omnium interitū, quī dē huius urbis atque adeō de orbis terrarum exitio cogitent! Hōs ego video consul et de re publică sententiam rogō et, quos ferrō trucīdārī

Linden.' non agam obscure: antieipates the more precise statement which follows. in M. Laecae domum: When accompanied by a possessive pronoun or a genitive domum (whither) may or may not have a preposition.

...

7, 8. esse... quosdam: '(the fact that) there are some in the senate.' video quosdam without esse would mean 'I see some men in the senate' (cf. ducem videmus molientem, 2. 19-21). di immortales: 'ye gods!' How does this exclamation differ from o tempora, o mores, 1. 10? ubinam gentium: 'where in the world?' Case of gentium (A. 346, 4; B. 201, 3; H. 443; H.-B. 346).

11. nostro omnium: The adjective agrees with the gen. pl. of the personal pronoun implied in the possessive nostro; see 3. 18, and cf. A. 302, e; B. 243, 3, a; H. 446, 3; H.-B. 339, b. atque adeo: see on 2. 19.

13. sententiam rogo: As presiding officer the consul would call upon the senators in order for their vote on questions before the body, and those in

oportebat, eōs nōndum vōce volnerō! Fuisti igitur apud 15 Laecam illā nocte, Catilina, distribuisti partēs Italiae, statuistī, quo quemque proficisci placeret, dēlēgistī, quos Romae relinquerēs, quōs tēcum ēdūcerēs, discripsisti urbis partēs ad incendia, confirmăstī tē ipsum iam esse exitūrum, dixisti paulum tibi esse etiam nunc morae, quod ego viverem. Repertī 20 sunt duo equitēs Rōmānī, quī tē istā cūrā līberārent et sēsē illā ipsă nocte paulo ante lucem mē in meō lectulō interfectūrōs pollicerentur. Haec ego omnia vixdum etiam coetu vestrō 10 dimissō comperī; domum meam maiōribus praesidiīs mūnīvī atque firmāvi, exclūsi eōs, quōs tū ad mē salūtātum māne 25 mīserās, cum illī ipзī vēnissent, quōs ego iam multis ac summis virīs ad mē id temporis ventūrōs esse praedixeram.

volved in the conspiracy, not yet convicted or deposed, could still vote with the others. trucidari: regular or irregular tense? See on 2. 12, 1. 16.

14. fuisti: placed first, in emphatic repetition of the statement in 11. 3 ff. igitur: 'well then.' In this its socalled 'resumptive' use igitur is often employed to pick up the broken thread of a sentence or train of thought. Here it recalls attention to the unanswered challenge num audes, 1. 6, the thought having been interrupted by the digression on the senators.

16. quo: interrogative adverb. Give its correlatives (A. 152; B. 140; H.-B. 144). placeret: sc. tibi-'You decided to what point it pleased you each should set out.'

18. iam: best rendered 'soon' with a future verb. 19. morae: partitive with paulum. 20. equites: The two men were C. Cornelius and L. Vargunteius. The latter is called a senator by Sallust (Cat. 28), but it is supposed that he had lost his seat by some judicial proceedings, and so ranked as eques.

21-23. lucem: 'daybreak.' lectulo: For the termination see A. 243; B.

148, 1; H. 340, 1; H.-B. 207, 1. interfecturos pollicerentur: 'promised to kill.' For the future inf. with subj. acc. where the English idiom has a present complementary see A. 580, c; B. 331, I; H. 619, 1; H.-B. 593, a. Could the English idiom have been used? vixdum. dimisso:

'when your meeting had barely adjourned.'

24, 25. ad me: depends on miseras. salutatum: 'to pay their respects;' a supine (A. 509; B. 340, 1; H. 633; H.-B. 618). It was the custom at Rome for prominent men to hold levees in the early morning (ante lucem, 1. 21). Hence the coming of the assassins at that time would excite no suspicion. illi ipsi:

the two assassins.

26. id temporis: 'at that hour' (A. 346, 3; 397, a; B. 185, 2; H. 416, 2; H.-B. 388, b). For case of id cf. nihil, 1. 3; for that of temporis cf. gentium, 1. 8; the phrase = eo tempore.

Explain the case of multo (2), sententiam (13), Romae (16), tibi (19), cura (20), coetu (22); mood of cogitent (12), placeret (16), viverem (19), pollicerentur (22), venturos esse (26). What part of speech is eodem (5), una (7)?

5. Quae cum ita sint, Catilīna, perge, quò coepistī, ēgredere aliquando ex urbe; patent portae; proficiscere. Nimium diu tē imperātōrem tua illa Manliāna castra desiderant. Educ tēcum etiam omnēs tuōs, si minus, quam plūrimōs; pūrgā 5 urbem. Magnō mē metū līberābis, dum modo inter mē atque tē mūrus intersit. Nobiscum versārī iam diutius non potes; nōn feram, nōn patiar, non sinam. Magna dis inmortalibus 11 habenda est atque huic ipsi Iovi Statōri, antiquissimo custōdī huius urbis, gratia, quod hanc tam taetram, tam horribilem 10 tamque infestam reī, pūblicae pestem totiēns iam effūgimus. Nōn est saepius in ūnō homine summa salūs perīclitanda reī publicae. Quamdiū mihi cōnsulī dēsīgnātō, Catilīna, īnsidiātus

Leave Rome, Catiline, as you have planned, $810-12.

...

5. 1. quae sint: 'since this is So.' In Latin a relative often occurs at the beginning of a sentence when the English would have a personal or a demonstrative; this is especially noticeable when (as here) the verb is introduced by a subordinating conjunction. quo:= (ad eum locum) ad quem; sc. ire. How does this quo differ from the one in 4. 16?

3. imperatorem: While Manlius (see on 2. 17 and 3. 9) was in charge of the insurgents' camp at present the real commander (2. 19), under whose auspicia the campaign was to be conducted, was Catiline, and he here is exhorted to go and take up his duties as such. Manliana:= Manli. the adj. Educ: What verbs lose the final e in this form? (A. 182; B. 116, 3; H. 241; H.-B. 164, 1).

Explain

4. si minus: i.e., si minus (=non) omnes educere poteris, quam plurimos educ. 6. murus: see on parietibus, 3. 3.

7. non feram, patiar, sinam: This is not an example of climax, but a device, very common in Latin, for emphasizing an idea by an accumulation of synonymous words. Trans. 'I may not, cannot, will not endure it,' or 'I'll not bear it, submit to it, permit it.' dis

atque . . . Iovi: (not dat. of agent), 'to (all). the gods, but especially to, etc.'

8. huic: Why is the demonstrative of the first person used? See on 1. 4. Statori: '(flight) stayer.' Tradition said that a temple was dedicated to Jupiter under this name by Romulus for having stopped the flight of the Romans during the decisive battle in the war with the Sabines. Hence antiquissimo custodi. Decline Iovi Statori (A. 79 and b; B. 41; H. 107, 3; H.-B. 92).

9. hanc tam taetram: The tam is not to be translated. When a demonstrative and a positive adjective of quality modify a noun the Latin idiom inserts a tam; so hic tantus (=tam magnus) vir, haec toi (=tam multa) pericula, etc.

11. uno homine: 'in the person of one man'-often taken as referring to Catiline, but better to Cicero, as shown in ll. 18, 19 below. summa salus rei publicae: 'the best interests of the nation,' a very common phrase for which summa res publica is often used with no difference in meaning.

12. consuli designato: A man was consul designatus, 'consul elect,' from his election in July to his inauguration, Jan. 1st consul during his year of office, and consularis, 'ex-consul,' during the

es, nōn público mē praesidio, sed privātā diligentia defendi. Cum proximis comitiīs cōnsulāribus mē cōnsulem in campō et 15 competitōrēs tuōs interficere voluisti, compressī cōnātūs tuōs nefāriōs amīcōrum praesidiō et cōpiīs nūllō tumultū pūblicē concitātō; denique, quotiēnscumque mē petīstī, per mē tibi obstiti, quamquam vidēbam perniciem meam cum magnā calamitāte rei publicae esse coniunctam. Nunc iam apertē 12 20 rem publicam universam petis, templa deōrum inmortalium, tēcta urbis, vītam omnium civium, Italiam tōtam ad exitium et vāstitātem vocās. Quārē, quoniam id, quod est primum, et quod huius imperii disciplīnaeque maiōrum proprium est, facere nondum audeō, faciam id, quod est ad sevēritātem lēnius 25 et ad communem salutem utilius. Nam sī tē interfici iusserō, residēbit in rē pūblica reliqua coniūrātōrum manus; sīn tū, quod tē iam dūdum hortor, exieris, exhauriētur ex urbe tuōrum comitum magna et perniciosa sentīna rei publicae. Quid est, 13

rest of his life: when was Cicero consul designatus?

14. proximis comitiis: 'at the last election.' Who presided at this election? Who were the successful competitores? In what comitia were the consuls elected? See Abbott, R. P. I. 27, 301, and Chronological Table for the year 62. campo: sc. Martio.

16. nullo tumultu publice concitato: abl. abs.-'without an official summons to arms.' Publice should never be translated by 'publicly.'

17. per me: 'by personal means,' not public or official.

coniunctam:

18. quamquam "though I saw all the time (force of tense) that my destruction was linked inseparably with disaster to the state' (see note on uno homine, 1. 11).

22, 23. est primum: The English idiom would suggest the subjunctive, meaning 'would be,' but in certain short phrases with adjectives the indicative is always used in Latin (A. 437, a; B. 271, 1, b); H. 525, b; H.-B. 582, b). primum: may mean 'first to suggest itself,' and

so 'most obvious,' or 'foremost in importance.' imperii: case? (A. 385, c; B. 204, 2; H. 435, 4; H.-B. 339, c); the word refers to the special powers conferred by the consultum ultimum (see on 1. 26).

24. ad severitatem: ‘if you look at severity.' There is no point to the phrase in itself, but it is inserted to balance ad communem salutem which, is necessary to define utilius.

27. iam dudum: moves a present back in time to a perfect, and an imperfect to a pluperf. So also iam diu, iam pridem (A. 466; B. 259, 4; H. 533, 1; H.-B. 485). exhaurietur: 'there will be drained off' as through a sewer-a metaphor appropriate to the literal meaning of the subject sentina, here applied contemptuously to Catiline and his followers.

28. sentina rei publicae: 'dregs of the state,' forms a single expression upon which depends the explanatory genitive tuorum comitum, 'consisting of your companions.' Notice that the word comitum denotes the same objects as