Catilina?

num dubitas id me imperante facere, quod iam tuā 30 sponte faciēbās? Exīre ex urbe iubet cōnsul hostem. Interrogās mē, num in exilium; non iubeō, sed, si me cōnsulis, suādeō.

6. Quid est enim, Catilina, quod tē iam in hac urbe dēlectāre possit? in qua nēmō est extrā istam coniūrātiōnem perditōrum hominum, qui tē nōn metuat, nēmō, qui non ōderit. Quae nota domesticae turpitudinis non inūsta vitae tuae est? quod 5 prīvātārum rerum dēdecus nōn haeret in fāmā? quae lubidō ab oculis, quod facinus ā manibus umquam tuīs, quod flagitium ā tōtō corpore afuit? cui tu adulescentulō, quem corruptēlārum inlecebris inrētīssēs, non aut ad audaciam ferrum aut ad lubidinem facem praetulisti? Quid vērō? nuper cum morte 14

sentina, but does not agree in case. For this use of the genitive in place of an appositive see A. 343, d; B. 202; H. 440, 4; H.-B. 341.

30. faciebas: force of imperfect? (A. 471, c; B. 260, 3; H. 530; H.-B. 484). hostem: 'the enemy of his country;' inimicus would mean a personal enemy.

31, 32. num in exilium: sc. te ire iubeam. For num see A. 332, b, note; B. 300, 1 b; H. 649, II, 2; H.-B. 538, d, 2; how does it differ from num in 1. 29 ? si me consulis: 'if you ask my advice.' suadeo: What must be supplied to complete the sen tence?

Explain the case of metu (5), dis (7), praesidio (13), tibi (17), sponte (30). Give the principal parts of perge (1), sinam (7), compressi (15), petisti (17), suadeo (32).

Your character and fortune are gone, §§13, 14.

6. 1. quid . . . possit: as at the opening of ch. 3.

2-4. perditorum: for meaning see on 1. 5. Do not translate 'perditious;' there is no such English word. hominum: When the word 'man' is accompanied by an adjective implying re

proach homo must be used, by one implying a compliment either homo or (more commonly) vir. See an example of the latter in 1. 17. oderit: though a different tense, denotes the same time as metuat (A. 476; B. 133, 2; H. 299, 2; H.-B. 199, 1). nota: an expression borrowed from slave life; branding was the regular punishment for heinous offenses. domesticae turpitudinis: 'infamy in your home.' quod: Why not quid? (A. 148 and b; B. 90; H. 184 and 1; H.-B. 141 and a).

5. privatarum rerum: 'private life,' a wider reference than in domesticae turpitudinis above, as it includes his relations with persons outside of his own family. haeret in fama: 'is not attached to your reputation.' For case of fama see A. 368, 3, n.; B. 228, d; H. 485, 1; H.-B. 436.

10 superioris uxoris novis nuptiis domum vacuēfēcissēs, nōnne etiam aliō incredibili scelere hoc scelus cumulasti? quod egc praetermittō et facile patior silērī, nē in hāc cīvitāte tantī facinoris inmānitās aut extitisse aut nōn vindicāta esse videatur. Praetermittō ruinas fortūnārum tuarum, quas omnis inpendare 15 tibi proxumis Idibus sentiēs; ad illa veniō, quae nōn ad prīvātam ignominiam vitiōrum tuōrum, non ad domesticam tuam difficultatem ac turpitudinem, sed ad summam rem publicam atque ad omnium nostrum vitam salutemque pertinent. Potestne tibi haec lux, Catilina, aut huius caeli spiritus esse 15 20 iucundus, cum scias esse hōrum nēminem, qui nesciat të prīdiē Kalendās Ianuariās Lepido et Tullō consulibus stetisse in comitiō cum tēlō, manum consulum et principum cīvitātis

visited at night; yet a figurative sense is easily seen-'a firebrand to kindle his evil passions.' Quid vero: see on quid, 3. 19. morte superioris uxoris: The second wife was Aurelia Orestilla, a woman of great beauty, but infamous life. morte: intentionally ambiguous; it might be ablative of time, but Cicero intends it to be taken as means (nece, caede).

11. incredibili scelere: the murder

of his son. Orestilla objected to marrying a man with children.

12. praetermitto, etc.: a common rhetorical trick (praeteritio, occultatio), by which the speaker, affecting forbearance, carefully says what he pretends to leave unsaid. Give example from ch. 1. sileri: 'be passed over in silence.'

13. non: may be rendered by English prefix un-; non vindicata = 'unpunished.'

15. Idibus: what day of the month? Now that Catiline's hopes were blighted his creditors would not be likely to show further forbearance, and the Ides and Kalends were the regular days for the settlement of accounts. The orator intimates that Catiline's financial ruin will be accomplished within six days (Roman count) from the time he is speaking.

17, 18. difficultatem: 'embarrassment,' i.e., in money matters; see preceding note. summam rem publicam: what is the fuller expression? See on 5. 11. nostrum: gen. pl. of ego, denoting possession. What is the regular construction? See on 3. 18. This use of the genitive is allowable only when the pronoun is accompanied by omnium, and even then the regular construction is as common (see on 4. 11). You are accomplishing nothing here, $15.

19-21. caeli: 'atmosphere.' cum: causal, but to be translated " 'when.' te: subject of stetisse and paravisse. pridie Kalendas: see A. 432, a; B. 144, 2; H. 420, 5; H.-B. 380, c. Lepido, etc.: B. C. 66-see Chron. Table. Cicero puts the time one day earlier than other authorities. It was the very next year (65) that Cicero in a letter to his friend Atticus (Ep. 1) mentions his purpose to defend Catiline against the prosecution for misgovernment as propraetor in Africa in the hope of winning Catiline's support in his own (Cicero's) candidacy for the consulship-the election of 64.

22. comitio: In the singular the word denotes a part of the forum where meetings of the people were held. cum telo: (=telo armatum), a legal term

tuās

interficiendōrum causā parāvisse, sceleri ac furōrī tuō nōn mentem aliquam aut timōrem tuum, sed fortunam populi Rōmānī 25 obstitisse? Ac iam illa omitto (neque enim sunt aut obscura aut non multa commissa posteā); quotiēns tū mē dēsīgnātum, quotiens consulem interficere cōnātus es! quot ego petītiōnēs ita coniectas, ut vītārī posse nōn viderentur, parvā quādam dēclīnātiōne et, ut aiunt, corpore effūgi! Nihil adse30 queris neque tamen cōnārī ac velle dēsistis. Quotiēns tibi iam 16 extorta est ista sīca de manibus, quotiēns excidit casu aliquō et ēlāpsa est! quae quidem quibus abs tē initiata sacris ac dēvōta sit, nesciō, quod eam necesse putās esse in cōnsulis corpore defigere.

7. Nunc vērō quae tua est ista yīta? Sic enim iam tēcum

30-32. Quotiens. . . elapsa est: A figurative way of saying, 'How often have your attempts at assassination been defeated (1) through active resistance, (2) through mere chance!' tibi: 'your,' a dat. of reference or relation (A. 376; B. 188; H. 425, 4; H.-B. 368). extorta est: 'been wrested (twisted) from your hands' (by your opponent). quae nescio: 'which (dagger) has been consecrated with Iknow-not-what solemn rites.' initiata, etc.: The weapons with which some successful deed had been accomplished were often dedicated to some deity or other.

...

33. quod: there is a slight ellipsis, as quod gives the reason not for the consecration of the weapon, but for Cicero's assertion that it had been consecrated: (I say you have consecrated it) for you think, etc.' in corpore: Why not accusative after defigere = 'plunge into'? (A. 430; B. 228; H. 418, 3; H.-B. 433, c).

Explain the case of nuptiis (10), Idibus (15), Lepido (21), consulum, civitatis (22), casu (31); mood of possit (2), vacuefecisses (10), viderentur (28), velle (30), devota sit, esse (33), defigere (34).

loquar, nõn ut odiō permōtus esse videar, quō dēbeō, sed ut misericordia, quae tibi nūlla dēbētur. Vēnistī paulò ante in senātum. Quis tē ex hac tantā frequentiā, totque tuis amicis 5 ac necessariīs salūtāvit? Si hoc post hominum memoriam contigit nēminī, vocis expectās contumeliam, cum sīs gravissimō iudicio taciturnitatis oppressus? Quid, quod adventu tuō ista subsellia vacuefacta sunt, quod omnes consulārēs, qui tibi persaepe ad caedem constitūti fuerunt, simul atque adsēdisti, 10 partem istam subselliōrum nūdam atque inanem reliquērunt, quō tandem animō tibi ferundum putās? Servi meherculē 17 meī sī mē istō pactō metuerent, ut tē metuunt omnes cīvēs tui,

You are hated and despised by all, §§16, 17.

sc. permotus

7. 2, 3. quo debeo: esse. ut: sc. permotus esse videar. quae nulla: besides the adjs. of quantity, multi, pauci, etc., nullus is put in agreement with relatives and demonstratives where the whole and not a part only is meant. Nullus is then equivalent to an emphatic non. What other word may be used for non? Cf. 1. 3. 4. hac tanta: 'this great,' not 'so great' (see on 5. 9).

6. contigit: generally used of good fortune, unless accompanied by a negative, as nemini here; for bad fortune accidit is the usual word. cum: see on 6. 20, and point out another example in this chapter.

7. Quid, quod, etc.: 'what do you think of this, that, etc.?' For quid, see on 3. 19; for quod, on illa, 1. 21. Note that in this use quid is often followed by a second question, here quo tandem animo, etc., 1. 11. ista subsellia: 'the benches near you' (see on 1. 2). The senators sat on benches without backs, probably in the order of their rank, the consulares together and near them the praetorii, the class to which Catiline belonged. What sort of a seat had the consul?

8. tibi: agent. What would be the regular construction? The dative

of the agent is used by Cicero with the gerundive regularly (e.g. in 1. 11), and the perfect participle frequently, but with no other parts of the verb (A. 374, 375; B. 189; H. 431; H.-B. 373).

9. constituti fuerunt: not a mere variation for constituti sunt, though the distinction cannot be expressed concisely in English; with fuerunt the meaning is 'have been (but are no longer) doomed;' with sunt the words in parenthesis would not necessarily be implied (A. 495, n.; H. 538, 1). adsedisti: 'had taken your seat near (ad-) them;' for the tense see A. 543; B. 287; H. 602; H.-B. 557.

11. quo... putas: 'In what spirit, pray, do you think you ought to take (bear) this?' mehercule: 'by heavens;' the full form, me Hercules juvet, meant 'so help me Hercules,' but the idea of invocation shrank with the words to the meaning and form here used.

12. si: notice how far it is crowded from its proper place (where?) to make servi emphatic. pacto:=modo. metuerent: what time and thought does the imperfect subj. express in conditional sentences? (A. 517; B. 304; H. 579; H.-B. 581). ut: with ind. 'as' or 'when;' which here? So in lines 20 and 31 below. cives: 'fellow citizens;' so in ll. 14, 15.

domum meam relinquendam putarem; tū tibi urbem nōn arbitraris? et, si mē meīs civibus iniuria suspectum tam 15 graviter atque offensum vidērem, carēre mē aspectū civium quam infēstis omnium oculis conspicī māllem; tū cum cōnscientia scelerum tuōrum agnōscās odium omnium iūstum et iam diū tibi debitum, dubitās, quōrum mentēs sēnsūsque volnerās, eōrum aspectum praesentiamque vītāre? Si tē parentēs timē20 rent atque ōdissent tuï neque eōs ūllā ratiōne plācāre possēs, ut opinor, ab eōrum oculis aliquo concederēs. Nunc te patria, quae communis est parēns omnium nostrum, ōdit ac metuit et iam diū nihil tē iūdicat nisi dē parricīdiō suō cōgitāre; huius tū neque auctōritātem verēbere nec iudicium sequēre nec vim 25 pertimēscēs? Quae tecum, Catilina, sic agit et quodam modō 18 tacita loquitur: 'Nullum iam aliquot annis facinus exstitit nisi per tē, nullum flagitium sine tē; tibi ūnī multōrum cīvium necēs, tibi vexātiō direptiōque sociōrum inpūnīta fuit ac libera;

13. urbem: sc. relinquendam esse. 14. iniuria: 'without cause,' an abl. of manner. tam graviter: there is often a slight ellipsis with tam, tot and tantus; here, quam tu.

15. carere: depends, like conspici, on mallem. The subj. acc. me is not really needed here, but serves to emphasize the personal side of the assertion. For case of aspectu see A. 401; B. 214, 1, c; H. 462; H.-B. 425.

16. cum... agnoscas: as in 6.20. 18. dubitas: Where dubitare means 'to hesitate' (about a course of action), and the sentence is negative (or interrogative assuming a negative answer, as here), an infinitive regularly follows, as vitare, 1. 19 (cf. 5. 29).

20. placare: does not mean 'please.' 21. aliquo:= aliquem in locum (see on quo, 5. 1). Nunc: 'now, as it is,' not a mere temporal idea, but serving to introduce an actual fact in contrast to the supposition si . . . concederes.

22. nostrum: see on 6. 18. odit ac metuit: tenses? See timerent and

odissent, 11. 19, 20, and note on oderit, 6. 3.

23. iudicat: see on iam dudum, 5. 27. parricidio: instead of caede, because the country is our communis parens.

24. verebere: In the indicative of dep. verbs how are the endings -ris and -re used by Cicero? See on 1. 10. Note the difference of meaning in verebere and pertimesces.

The nation's appeal, $18.

25, 26. quodam modo: used to soften an unusually free or bold use of language, here tacita loquitur. tacita loquitur: the rhetorical figure called oxymoron, the use of contradictory words in the same phrase (A. 641; B. 375, 2; H. 752, 12; H.-B. 632, 3).

28. vexatio, etc.: Catiline's first candidacy for the consulship had been brought to naught by a prosecution based on his oppression of the inhabitants of the province Africa (see on 6. 21). He had not been formally convicted and punished, hence the phrase impunita ac libera.