BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE. The following note is intended to indicate some modern works which may help the student of the subjects of the preceding chapters. I. BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENERAL. The best general work is by Gardthausen Augustus und seine Zeit. (3 volumes, Leipzig, 1891-1904), who has utilised the great mass of scattered material for a picturesque and accurate narrative. Augustus' own autobiography-the Monumentum Ancyranum-has been admirably edited by Mommsen (Res Gestae Divi Augusti, Berlin, 1883). The works of Beulé (Augustus, sa Famille et ses Amis, Paris, 1875; Tibère et l'Heritage d'Auguste, Paris, 1868) are interesting and amusing. But they are really political pamphlets covertly attacking Napoleon III., and are of little historical value. A popular account is given in Schuckburgh's Augustus (London, 1903). The question of the character of Tiberius is of less importance in the reign of Augustus. An adverse view is taken by Beulé (see above), and he is defended-a defence sometimes pushed to paradoxical lengthsby Beesley (Catiline, Clodius and Tiberius, London, 1878), Stahr (Zur Kritik der Geschichte des Kaisers Tiberius, Altenburg, 1866), and Tarver (Tiberius the Tyrant, London, 1902). A dispassionate survey of the evidence will be found in Furneaux's edition of Tacitus' Annals (vol. i., Oxford, 1884). II. THE CONSTITUTION. The indispensable work is Mommsen's encyclopædic Römisches Staatsrecht (3rd edition, Leipzig, 1887). The constitutional position of the Emperor is treated in the second part of volume ii. The second volume of Herzog's Geschichte und System der Römischen Staatsverfassung (Leipzig, 1887), which has the advantage of treating the subjects from the historical as well as the systematic point of view, should also be consulted. Other works of importance are :— J. Asbach. Römisches Kaiserthum und Verfassung (Köln, 1896). 1889). A. J. H. Greenidge. Roman Public Life (London, 1901). Kromeyer. Die Rechtliche Begründing des Principats (Marburg, I. N. Madvig. Die Verfassung and Verwaltung des Römischen P. Willems. Le Droit Public Romain (6th edition, Louvain, 1888). III. THE PROVINCES. The fifth volume of Mommsen's Römische Geschichte (Berlin, 1886), which deals with this subject, and which has been translated into English under the title The Provinces of the Roman Empire (London, 1886), is still by far the best general work, though requiring additions and corrections in detail. The administrative side is given in Arnold's Roman Provincial Administration (London, 1879), and Marquardt's Römische Staatsverwaltung, vol. i. (Leipzig, 1881), and for one part of it in Liebenam's Laufbahn der Procuratoren (Jena, 1886). For the army the second volume of the work of Marquardt mentioned above and Pfitzner, Die Geschichte der Kaiserlegionen (Leipzig, 1886), will be found useful. For the financial arrangements the second volume of Marquardt and Cagnat (Etude historique sur les Impôts indirects chez les Romains, Paris, 1882), should be consulted. The interesting Provincial Assemblies are fully discussed by Guiraud (Les Assemblées Provinciales dans l'Empire Romaine, Paris, 1887). The handiest work for points of Geography is Kiepert's Lehrbuch der alten Geographie (Berlin, 1878) of which an English translation (A Manual of Ancient Geography, London, 1881) has been published. Jung's contribution on this subject to Iwan von Müller's Handbuch der Klassichen Wissenchaft (vol. iii., Nordlingen, 1889) should also be consulted. THE SEVERAL PROVINCES. The student of any particular province should consult the admirable introductions to the volumes of the Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum. Popular sketches of various parts of Western Europe will be found in Hübner (Römische Herrschaft in West Europa, Berlin, 1870). Gaul and Spain. The most complete work which is also well furnished with maps is Desjardins, La Géographie historique et administrative de la Gaule romaine (four volumes, Paris, 1876–1893), and a summary of later researches is given by G. Bloch in Lavisse's Histoire de France, (vol. i. Les Origines. La Gaule indépendante et la Gaule Romaine, Paris, 1900). Fustel de Coulanges. Histoire des Institutions politiques de l'Ancienne France (vol. i. La Gaule Romaine, Paris, 1877). The ethnological controversies belong rather to philology than to history, at least if we may judge by the scanty historical results which have been harvested from them. If the student is interested in this branch of the subject he has the works of the Celtic philologist d'Arbois de Jubainville to consult, e.g., Recherches sur l'origin de la propriété foncière et des noms des lieux habités en France (Paris, 1900). Les premiers habitants de l'Europe (Paris, 1877). Other works are: A. Bertrand. Archéologie celtique et gauloise (Paris, 1889). C. F. Müllenhof. Deutsche Alterthumskunde (Berlin, 1870). W. H. (Bullock) Hall's The Romans on the Riviera and the Rhone, W. von Humboldt. Urbewohner Hispaniens (Berlin, 1821). Germany. F. Stein. Die Völkerstämme der Germanen nach römischer A. Riese. Forschungen zur Geschichte des Rheinlandes in der Die Rheinischen Germanen in der antiken Literatur (Leipzig, J. Asbach. Zur Geschichte und Kultur der Römischen Rheinlande, (Berlin, 1902). Also the works of Müllenhof and de Jubainville mentioned above. (For a hostile view of early German civilisation see Otto Seeck's Geschichte des Untergangs der antiken Welt, vol. i., Berlin, 1897.) For Greece the best recent description is given by A. Holm in the fourth volume of his History of Greece (English translation, London, 1898), but Finlay's account (History of Greece, i., new edition, Oxford, 1877) is of permanent value. Hertzberg's Geschichte Griechenlands unter der Herrschaft der Römer (Halle, 1866—75) is more elaborate. For Asia Minor and Syria the leading authorities are the works of Professor W. M. Ramsay. The chief of these are : The Historical Geography of Asia Minor (Supplementary Papers, Royal Geographical Society, vol. iv., London, 1890). |