NOTE. When the agent is a person, we must use a or ab. Thus though we may write Pinus agitatur ventis, The pine is tossed by the winds, we must write Pueri a magistro docentur. In transitive verbs Passive inflexions are used, corresponding to each inflexion of the Imperfect Tenses of the Indicative, thus Conjugation 1. Present, ămăr, I am being loved. Conjugation 3. Present, rěgor, I am being ruled. Conjugation 2. moneŎr, I am being advised. monēbăr, I was being advised. monĕbor, I shall be advised. Conjugation 4. audior, I am being heard. audiēbăr, I was being heard. audiăr, I shall be heard. The Perfect Tenses are formed by putting the Past Participle, in the proper number and gender, with certain tenses of the verb Sum: thus the Past Participle of amo being amātus, the Perfect tenses of the Indicative Passive for that verb are, in the first person masculine Present, amatus sum, I was loved, or I have been loved. Future, amatus ero, I shall have been loved. The Perfect tenses of the Subjunctive are formed in a similar way, the Subjunctive tenses of sum being used thus— Present, amatus sim. Past, amatus essem. NOTE 1.-For sum we may use fui; for eram, fueram; for ero, fuero; for sim, fuerim; for essem, fuissem. NOTE 2.-The auxiliary sum is often put before the Participle, or even separated from it by one or more words, thus-Hannibal est revocatus, Hannibal was recalled. Hoc est nobis a maioribus traditum, This has been handed down to us from our ancestors. NOTE 3.Intransitive verbs are used impersonally in the Passive, thus Curritur a me=I run, and Pugnatum est a nobis = We fought. 158. Passive Voice.-Amor, I am loved.-First Conjugation. INFINITIVE MOOD. Present, amārī, to be loved. Past, amatus esse (or fuisse), to have been loved. PAST-PARTICIPLE-amatus, loved. GERUNDIVE-amandus, meet to be loved. |