IMPERATIVE.

S. 2. ĕde or ēs, ědĭto or esto; 3. ědĭto or esto.
P. 2. ědíte or este, ĕditōte or estōte; 3. ĕdunto.

181. Unipersonal Verbs are conjugated in the third person singular only of the tenses of the Finite Verb, and in the Infinitive. They are usually called Impersonal Verbs, because they have no personal subject in a sentence.

Verbs in common use of this class are—

oportet (me), it behoves (me).

miseret (me), it excites pity in (me).
taedet (me), it disgusts (me).
piget (me), it grieves (me).
pudet (me), it shames (me).
paenitet (me), it repents (me).
libet (mihi), it pleases (me).
licet (mihi), it is lawful (for me).

With a Genitive of

the object of pity, disgust, etc.

NOTE. Other tenses besides the Imperfect-Present occur, as for example

oportebat, oportuit, oportebit, oportere; pigeat; paeniteret.

182. Some personal verbs are used impersonally with particular meanings, such are—

interest, it is of advantage.

constat, it is admitted.

iŭvat, it delights.

plăcet, it pleases.
děcet, it is becoming.
dēděcet, it is unbecoming.

accidit, it happens.
accedit, it is added.
convěnit, it is agreed.

videtur, it seems.

restat, it remains.
dicitur, it is said.

Nihil in bello oportet contemni. Nonne te miseret mei?
Abeo intro; taedet sermonis tui.—PLAUT.

Ita fieri non solum oportet, sed etiam necesse est.
Licet nemini contra patriam ducere exercitum.
De republica non libet (mihi) plura scribere.
Mea mater, tui me miseret, mei piget.

Me non solum piget stultitiae meae, sed etiam pudet.
Oratorem irasci minime decet, simulare non dedecet.
Iuvat integros accedere fontes.-LUCR.

Cum pluit in terras et venti nubila portant.-LUCR.
Ut subito, ut propere, ut valide tonuit !-PLAUT.
Restat igitur ut motus astrorum sit voluntarius.

Unum restat ut te in iudicium vocem.

Aequum videtur tibi ut ego quod alienum est meum esse dicam? Non placet Stoicis avium cantibus interesse Deum.

Hieme ningit, grandinat aestate.

Ante rorat quam pluit.

Satis constat, it is generally agreed.

Convenit inter omnes, all are agreed.

Discrepat inter scriptores, writers give different accounts.

Ut dicitur, as the story goes.

Casu accidit ut id, quod Romae audierat, primus nuntiaret.
Dicitur eo tempore matrem Pausaniae vixisse.

NOTE 1.--Accedit, "it is added," "You must also take into

account," is followed by ut with the Subjunctive, or quod with the Indicative when a simple fact is recited

Ad Appii Claudii senectutem accedebat etiam ut caecus
esset. Accedit quod patrem tuum amo.

NOTE 2.-Dicitur generally has a personal subject-
Aristaeus olivae dicitur inventor.

NOTE 3.-Interest, it is of advantage, takes a genitive of the person or thing benefited

Multum interest rei familiaris tuae te quamprimum venire,
It is of great importance to your pecuniary interests that
you should be here as soon as possible.

Clodii intererat Milonem perire, It was to the advantage of
Clodius that Milo should die.

NOTE 4.-Refert, it concerns, usually takes the feminine ablative of the possessive pronouns mea, tua, sua, nostra, vestra; and interest is used in the same way with these pronouns―

Id mea minime refert, That is no sort of concern to me.—TER. Tua et mea maxime interest te valere, Your welfare is of the utmost importance to you and to me.

Some explain mea refert as = meam rem fert, it makes for my

interest.

N.B.-Refert has nothing to do with the verb refero, bring back.

NOTE 5. The want of a distinct past tense in our verbs Ought, Could, Might, compels us to use the Past Infinitive with them in cases where the Latins could use the Present Infinitive, thus

ENGLISH.

You ought to have done this.

I could have yielded to this fault.
Cato might have enjoyed himself at
Tusculum.

LATIN.

Hoc te facere oportuit.

Huic potui succumbere culpae.-VIR.
Catoni licuit Tusculi se delectare.

DEFECTIVE VERBS.

184. Defective verbs are those found in certain parts only; such are

(1.) Praeteritives, or Verbs found only in tenses derived from

the Perfect, as—

Coepi, I have begun; Odi, I hate; Měmini, I remember.

INDICATIVE MOOD.

Present. coepi, coepisti, etc. ōdi, odisti, etc. memini,

Perfect, coepisse; ōdisse; měmĭnisse.

Memini has an Imperative měmento, mementote.

Coepi has Past-Part. Pass. coeptus, and Fut. Part. coepturus. Odi has Fut. Participle ōsūrus.

(2.) Inquam, I say, of which the following parts are found :

In the Subjunctive we find inquias and inquiat.

In the Imperative we find inque and inquito.

Of the Subjunctive we find aias, aiat, and aiant.

The Participle aiens is found.

(5.) The following Imperatives and Infinitives :

:

Showing Present-Imperfect, Present-Infinitive, Present-Perfect, and Supine.

FIRST CONJUGATION.

Most verbs of this Conjugation are conjugated like amo, thus:-