197. An accusative follows some verbs, and especially Past Participles and Adjectives, defining more fully the Part Affected. This construction is chiefly found in poetry and in prose after the time of Cicero Ingemit et tremit artus, He groans and quivers throughout Os humerosque deo similis, In face and shoulders like a god. Floribus atque apio crines ornatus amaro, His hair adorned Cicero has ceterum laetus, light-hearted in other respects, and Horace has cetera laetus with the same meaning; Livy has vir, cetera egregius, and reguum, cetera egregium. This is called the Accusative of Limitation. Genitive with Verbs. 198. Verbs of accusing and condemning take an accusative of the person charged and a genitive of the offence laid to his charge Arguo, accuse, Damno, convict, Nonne intelligis quales viros mortuos Parce tuum vatem sceleris damnare, Condemno, condemn, Ceteros non dubitabo primum inertiae condemnare, post etiam impudentiae. Convinco, prove guilty, Te convinco non inhumanitatis solum, sed etiam amentiae. So also the genitive of the charge is used when the verb is in the passive Miltiades accusatus est proditionis. Themistocles absens proditionis est damnatus. 199. Egeo, I need, and indigeo, I need, take a genitive or an ablative of the thing needed Gravitas morbi facit ut medicinae egeamus.-CIC. Virtus plurimae exercitationis indiget.-CIC. Integer vitae, scelerisque purus, Non eget Mauri iaculis neque arcu.-HOR. Nunc te cohortatione non puto indigere.—CIC. 200. Misereor, I pity, and miseresco, I pity, take a genitive of the object of pity. Miseror, I pity, takes an accusative— : Extremam hanc oro veniam miserere sororis.- -VIRG. Iuppiter, Arcadii, quaeso, miserescite regis.-VIRG. Num lacrimas victus dedit, aut miseratus amantem est? 201. Memini, I remember, reminiscor, I remember, and obliviscor, I forget, take a genitive or an accusative— Ipse iubet mortis te meminisse Deus.-MART. Vivorum memini, nec mortuorum oblivisci possum.—CIC. Lenibant curas, et corda oblita laborum.-VIRG. Memini nec unquam obliviscar noctis illius.-CIC. Obliviscor iam iniurias, Clodia, depono memoriam doloris mei.-Cic. Est proprium stultitiae aliorum vitia cernere, oblivisci suorum.-CIC. Dative with Verbs. 202. The following verbs requiring a dative to complete their meaning are worthy of special notice Credo, trust, O formose puer, nimium ne crede colori. Făveo, befriend, Ignosco, pardon, Impero, command, Indulgeo, favour,. Noceo, injure,. Parco, spare, Pāreo, obey, Favebam et reipublicae et dignitati ac Hoc ignoscant dii immortales et populo Imperare sibi maximum imperium est. Non licet sui commodi causa nocere alteri. Marcellus Syracusarum omnibus aedificiis Ille patris magni pārēre părabat Imperio.- Persuadeo, persuade, Volo te tibi persuadere, mihi neminem esse Plăceo, please, Servio, serve, . Succurro, help, cariorem te. Tu mihi sola places, placeam tibi, Cynthia, solus.-PROP. In hac sententia dicenda non parebo dolori Tu dea, tu praesens nostro succurre labori. Haud ignara mali miseris succurrere disco. Ablative with Verbs. 203. Verbs implying removal, as levo, relieve, libero, set free, solvo, release, spolio, deprive, take an ablative of that from which separation takes place; thus— Epistula tua me aegritudine levavit. Libero te metu. Ego librarios tuos culpa libero. Ego vos solvi curis ceteris.-TER. Illum victor vita spoliavit Achilles.—VIRG. But with many such verbs the construction of the ablative with ab is more common, as with abstineo, keep off, arceo, protect, keep away, prohibeo, protect; thus Manus a te homines vix abstinere possunt. Natura, non poena, debet arcere homines ab iniuria. 204. Căreo, be without, takes an ablative Non habet extremum, caret ergo fine modoque, It has no outside, and therefore is without end and limit.—Lucr. Neque nos te fruimur, et tu nobis cares. 205. Impleo, compleo, fill, take the ablative generally, but sometimes the genitive. Repleo, fill, nearly always has the ablative Neptunus ventis implevit vela secundis.-VIRG. Implentur veteris Bacchi, pinguisque ferinae.—VIRG. Et mecum vestros flore replete sinus.—Ov. 206. Circumdo, surround, has two constructions— (1.) Aggere et fossis et muro circumdat urbem, He encloses where collo is the dative. 4. The Ablative Absolute. 207. The circumstances attending an action are usually expressed in Latin by the ablative. Such circumstances as the time or cause of the action are very frequently expressed by a Participle combined with a Noun, both standing in the ablative : thus Fuso ingenti hostium exercitu, Servius Romam rediit, After having routed a vast army of the enemy, Servius came back to Rome. Uno die intermisso, Galli media nocte silentio ex castris egressi ad campestres munitiones accedunt, Having allowed one day to pass, the Gauls, sallying forth silently from their camp at midnight, approach the entrenchments in the plain. Occasionally an adjective and a noun, or two nouns, are found in this construction: thus Bruto vivo, While Brutus is living; Te consule, In your consulship; and very frequently in such phrases as L. Aemilio Paulo, C. Licinio consulibus, During the consulship of Lucius Aemilius Paulus and Caius Licinius. This construction is called The Ablative Absolute, because the words are not connected with the main construction of the sentence in which they appear. The following are examples: Munitis castris duas ibi legiones Caesar reliquit. Gabiis receptis, Tarquinius pacem cum Aequorum gente fecit. Regibus exactis consules creati sunt. Solon et Pisistratus Servio Tullio regnante viguerunt. Bello Helvetiorum confecto totius fere Galliae legati, runt. |