SINGULAR AND PLURAL.

Gen. sui, of himself, herself, itself, themselves.

Dat. sibi.

Acc. sē
Abl. se

the double form, sēsē, is often used.

NOTE 1. The preposition cum is placed after the ablatives of the Personal Pronouns, as mecum, with me; vobiscum, with you; secum, with himself.

NOTE 2. The syllable met, implying the notion of self, is added to many of the cases of these Pronouns to make emphatic forms, as egomet, I myself, nosmet, vobismet, sibimet.

104.

II. THE POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS.

These correspond to Ego, Tu, and Sui: they are—

meus, mine

tuus, thine

declined like Durus, except that Mi is the vocative masculine of Meus, and Tuus and Suus have no vocative masculine. declined like Ater.

suus, his, her, or their

noster, our vester, your

The syllable -pte is added in some cases of the Possessives, chiefly the Ablative Singular, as meapte causa, for my own sake; nostrapte culpa, by our own fault; suopte pondere, by its own weight.

105. III. THE CONJUNCTIVE PRONOUNS IS AND Qui.

NOTE 1.—Is, ea, id may stand as nouns for he, she, it, or as adjectives, thus-is locus, ea res, id bellum.

NOTE 2.-The plural forms ei and eis are often written ii and iis.

(2.) Declension of the relative Qui, quae, quod, who or which.

NOTE 1.-An old form of the ablative, qui, of all genders, is found. Standing without a preposition it generally means how, in what way, and it is used with cum annexed, thus, quicum, with whom.

NOTE 2.-A possessive pronoun, cuius, cuia, cuium, is derived from the genitive of qui, with the meaning to whom does it belong? as, cuium pecus, whose flock is it?

106. Qui usually agrees with its antecedent in gender, number, and person; its case depends on the construction of the clause to which it belongs—

Caesar obsides, quos habuit ab Aeduis, reddidit, Caesar restored the hostages of the Aedui whom he had in his hands.

Honorem mortuo, cui iniuriam vivo fecimus, faciamus, Let us do honour to the dead man, to whom, when he was alive, we did wrong.

Tibi versus, quos rogas, mittam, I will send you the verses for which you ask.

Audio quae dicis, I hear what you say.

Bellum scripturus sum, quod populus Romanus cum Iugurtha

rege Numidarum gessit, I am about to write the history of the war which the Romans waged with Jugurtha, king of Numidia.

But sometimes the relative agrees in gender and number with a noun in its own clause

Thebae, quod Boeotiae caput est, Thebes, the capital of
Boeotia.

107. Is and qui are essentially conjunctive words, linking sentences together—

Luna eam lucem, quam a sole accepit, mittit in terras,
The moon sends to the earth the light she has received from
the sun.

Nunc respondebo ad eas epistolas, quas mihi reddidit
L. Caesius, I will now reply to the letters which Lucius
Caesius handed to me.

Observe that in these examples eam and eas are not necessary to the sense, but are put in to balance the sentences.

When emphasis is required for the sentence with is, the quisentence is put first—

Quod dixi, id non mutabo, That which I have once said I will not alter.

Quod honestum, id bonum, That which is right is good.

The general rule in Latin prose is that the forms— qui, quae, quod are used as adjectives;

quis, quis, quid are used as nouns.

V. THE INDEFINITE QUIS, any one.

109. This Pronoun is declined like Quis, who? except that it has a third form quă for the nominative feminine singular, and for the nominative and accusative neuter plural. It is much used with the conjunction Si, if—

Si qua tui Corydonis habet te cura, venito, If you have any thought about your Corydon, come.— -VIRG.

Si qua manent sceleris vestigia nostri, If any traces of our crime remain.-VIRG.

110.

VI. THE DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS.

(1.) Hic, this, near me, the speaker.

Iste, that, near you, the person spoken to.

Ille, that, yonder, at a distance from the speaker and the

Hic and hoc, in the nom. and acc., are usually long.

The emphasizing suffix -ce is often added, as hujusce, hosce.

The addition of the suffix -c introduces other forms; as

The addition of the suffix -c introduces such forms as

Nom. illic, illaec, illŏc.

Acc. illunc, illanc, illoc.

NOTE 1.-Hic, as referring to the present time, is often contrasted with ille, referring to past events

Q. Catulus non antiquo illo more sed hoc nostro fuit eruditus, Quintus Catulus was trained, not after the ancient fashion but in the way that is now in vogue.

NOTE 2.-Ille is often emphatic

Hic est ille Demosthenes, This is the famous Demosthenes.

111. Closely connected with the Pronouns Hic, Iste, Ille, are the following adverbs of place :