22. The following list includes all the Verbs used in the illustrative sentences up to Sect. 66:— N.B.-Dăre, to give, has the ǎ short in its tenses, as dăbam, dăbo.' 23. The relation in which a noun stands to another word in a sentence is usually expressed in English by placing before the noun one of the words which are therefore called Prepositions, such as of, to, for, by, with. The relation in which a Noun stands to another word in a sentence is expressed in Latin by affixing particular terminations to the stem of the noun. The Noun is then said to be in a certain Case. Prepositions are used in Latin to define more clearly the relations signified by the cases. CASES. 24. The Latin Noun has six cases, which are called Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, Vocative, Ablative. NUMBERS. 25. Nouns have usually two numbers, Singular, referring to one person or thing, as porta, a gate; Plural, referring to more than one, as portae, gates. GENDERS. 26. Nouns in Latin are Masculine, Feminine, or Neuter (that is, of neither Gender). A Noun which may be Masculine or Feminine is called Common. N.B.-In the lists of nouns that follow, Masculine Nouns have the first letter a capital, as Rex, king. Feminine Nouns have the first letter small, as regina, queen. Neuter Nouns are printed in italics, as regnum, a kingdom. DECLENSIONS OF NOUNS. 27. Rules of declension are rules for the formation of cases in particular nouns. There are two chief classes of Latin Nouns : I. Nouns whose stems end in A or 0. II. Nouns whose stems end in I, a consonant, or U. For the few Nouns with stems in E, see Section 66. NOTE 1.-The final a is short in all Noun cases except the ablative of the A declension. NOTE 2.-The stem of a Noun is always seen in the Genitive Plural. The last letter of the stem is called the Character of It is indicated in the type-forms of the Declensions by a capital, as port Arum. the noun. 29. Nouns of the A declension are mostly Feminine. In the following list of Feminine Nouns of this declension in common use, the English meanings are given without the words a, an, or the, because, there being no Article in Latin, ala may a wing" or "the wing," according to the context of the mean sentence. To this declension belong many names of countries, as Europa, Africa, Asia, Italia, Graecia, Britannia, Sicilia; and cities, as Rōma, Sparta, Căpua. The following are in the plural only : Also names of some cities, as Athenae, Thebae, Syracusae. dea, goddess, and filia, daughter, have the dative and ablative plural deabus and filiābus. The following have a special meaning in the plural: 30. Masculine nouns of this declension in common use are such as denote the occupations of men, as— Agricola, husbandman, Aurīga, charioteer, Collega, colleague, Conviva, guest, Incola, inhabitant, Poēta, poet, and many names of men, as Cinna, Iugurtha, Murena, Sulla. They are declined like porta, thus : 31. This declension contains nouns ending in -us, chiefly |