castra Jugurthæ venit; dein ab illo cuncta edoctus, properato itinere post diem octavum redit ad Bocchum et ei denuntiat, Jugurtham cupere omnia, quæ imperarentur, facere, sed Mario parum confidere; sæpe antea cum imperatoribus Romanis pacem conventam 3 frustra fuisse. Ceterum Bocchus si ambobus consultum et ratam pacem vellet, daret operam, ut una ab omnibus quasi de pace in conloquium veniretur, ibique sibi Sullam traderet; quom talem virum in potestatem habuisset, tum fore, uti jussu senatus atque populi Romani foedus fieret, neque hominem nobilem non sua ignavia sed ob rem publicam in hostium potestate relictum iri.

1 CXIII. Hæc Maurus secum ipse diu volvens tandem promisit, ceterum dolo an vere cunctatus, parum conperimus. Sed plerumque regiæ voluntates, ut vehementes, sic mobiles, sæpe ipsæ sibi advorsæ. 2 Postea tempore et loco constituto, in conloquium uti de pace veniretur, Bocchus Sullam modo, modo Jugurthæ legatum adpellare, benigne habere, idem ambobus polliceri. Illi pariter læti ac spei bonæ pleni 3 esse. Sed nocte ea, quæ proxuma fuit ante diem conloquio decretum, Maurus adhibitis amicis ac statim, inmutata voluntate, remotis, dicitur secum ipse multa agitavisse, voltu corporis pariter atque animo varius, quæ scilicet tacente ipso occulta pectoris 4 patefecisse. Tamen postremo Sullam accersi jubet et 5 ex ejus sententia Numidæ insidias tendit. Deinde, ubi dies advenit et ei nuntiatum est Jugurtham haud procul abesse, cum paucis amicis et quæstore nostro quasi obvius honoris causa procedit in tumulum fa6 cillumum visu insidiantibus. Eodem Numida cum plerisque necessariis suis inermis, uti dictum erat, accedit ac statim, signo dato, undique simul ex in7 sidiis invaditur. Ceteri obtruncati; Jugurtha Sullæ vinctus traditur, et ab eo ad Marium deductus est. 1 CXIV. Per idem tempus advorsum Gallos ab ducibus nostris Q. Cæpione et Cn. Manlio male pugna2 tum; quo metu Italia omnis contremuerat. Illique et inde usque ad nostram memoriam Romani sic

habuere, alia omnia virtuti suæ prona esse: cum Gallis pro salute, non pro gloria, certare. Sed post- 3 quam bellum in Numidia confectum et Jugurtham Romam vinctum adduci nuntiatum est, Marius consul absens factus et ei decreta provincia Gallia; isque Kalendis Januariis magna gloria consul triumphavit. Ea tempestate spes atque opes civitatis 4 in illo sitæ.

NOTES

ON THE

CATILINA.

I. 1. Omnis, i. q. omnes. For this form of the accusative plural see Excursus I. ad fin.—sese student præstare, desire to excel; lit., stand before. The pronoun sese, it is plain, is not necessary in this place; but there is abundant authority for this construction. Thus we meet with Qui placere se student bonis, Ter. Eun. Pr. 1. Ille tenuis... gratum se videri studet, Cic. Off. ii. 10. For the use of sese instead of se, see Excursus I. 15. Studeo, we may here observe, answers to our word study only when joined with litteris, expressed or understood. This verb is akin to Oπovdew, OTεvdw.—ne, i.e. ut non-silentio, in inactivity, or in obscurity. Biduum deinde silentium fuit neutris transgredientibus amnem, Liv. xxxvii. 38. Quantum etenim distant a morte silentia vitæ ? Sil. Ital. iii. 145. This explains the phrase luna silente, used by Cato and Pliny to express the time of new moon: comp. Milton, Samp. Agon. 87.—2. Sed, dé, now : see Excursus I. 18.— magis, i. e. potius: see on Virg. Buc. i. 11.—3. Quo, from which, i. e. wherefore. In cases of this kind some lost or obsolete term answering to πрãуμа or xρñμа is understood.-rectius, i. e. melius. -ingeni: see Excursus I. ad. fin.—virium, sc. corporis. The plural of this noun is never used of the mind.—nostri, sc. capitis, of our personality, i. e. of us, our : see Excursus I. 2.—4. et, i. q. aut: see Virg. Excursus V.—formæ, personal beauty.—virtus (i. q. ingeni opes §3), mental power and energy; hence, courage, valour. It is only in these senses that Sallust uses this word, and the former appears to have been its original and proper meaning. Virtus, aperý (which may have once had the digamma), the German Würde and English worth are kindred terms, and all denote power; but while the Greek and Latin words relate to

that of the mind, the Teutonic refer rather to external dignity and authority. Thus, our word worship (i. e. worthship) is still applied to magistrates, and our verb to worship is, properly, to ascribe worship, i. e. power and authority to any one.―gloria, reputation. It is the French gloire rather than our glory.— fluxa, ready to flow, fleeting. It was a practice of the Latin language to use the past part. of some verbs in the sense of an adj. in bilis: see on Jug. ii. 3.—habetur, i. e. se habet, exɛraι, i. e. est. In this case it is a mid. voice.-5. Sed (see on § 2), etc. This appears to be an hypothesis of the historian's own; for we no where else read of this dispute.-mortalis (Ovnrovs) sc. homines. -magis: see on § 2.-6. incipias, Indef.: see Excursus I. 2.-7. indigens, sc. est, i. e. is imperfect, insufficient.

II. 1. Igitur, i. e. in consequence of this dispute: see i. 5.— initio, sc. rerum, i. e. in the early ages of the world.—nomen id, i. e. regnum, included in reges, by synesis, a figure which Sallust often employs. Ergo in Græcia musici floruerunt discebantque id omnes, Cic. Tusc. i. 2.-divorsi, sc. abeuntes, taking different courses or views.-pars . . . alii, i. e. alii ... alii. This is a favourite construction with Sallust. He means that while some applied themselves to legislation and other acts of the mind, others devoted themselves to the chase and such like bodily exercises. He evidently intimates that as yet there had been no wars, and appears to have forgotten those of Thebes and Troy.-etiamtum, sc. nam, still, i. e. even after the establishment of monarchy. He seems to suppose a preceding Golden Age.—agitabatur, i. e. agebatur: see Excursus I. 6.—cupiditate, sc. dominationis, lust of dominion.-satis, i.e. bene, abunde. This is a common sense

of this word. Satius is always i. q. melius.—2. Postea, etc. Long however before the time of Cyrus, the Dorian migration, and the conquest of Messene by the Lacedæmonians, had taken place : see Hist. of Greece, Part I. ch. iii. and vi. ; and it was not till long after his time that the Athenians began to acquire dominion. He probably mentions Cyrus because Herodotus begins his history with him, and because, as Gerlach observes, he regarded his time as the commencement of true history.-caussam, sc. bonam.— habere, i. e. putare, to esteem, reckon.-periculo, trial, experience. Qui quotidie periculum fortunæ faciat, Cic. Phil. v. 14. Like valetudo, tempestas, facinus, it came to be used with malum, adversum, understood, and to signify danger.-negotüs, i. e. by the actual management of affairs. Corte supposed a ềv dià dvoĩv in this place; but, as we may see, it is not at all necessary. It is