The Celtiberi

gain suc

4

5

tutandos socios retraxit. Castra Punica in agro Ilergavonensium, castra Romana ad Novam classem1 erant, quum fama repens alio 2 avertit 3 bellum. Celtiberi, qui principes regionis suae legatos miserant obsidesque dederant Romanis, nuntio misso a Scipione exciti arma capiagainst unt provinciamque Carthaginiensium valido exercitu invadunt. Tria oppida vi expugnant; inde cum ipso Hasdrubale duobus proe10 liis egregie pugnant; ad quindecim millia hostium occiderunt, quattuor millia cum multis militaribus signis capiunt.

cesses

Hasdrubal.

P. Scipio joins his 15 brother in Spain.

153. Hoc statu rerum in Hispania P. Scipio in provinciam venit, prorogato1 post consulatum imperio ab senatu missus, cum triginta longis navibus 2 et octo millibus militum magnoquo commeatu advecto. Ea classis cum magna laetitia civium sociorumque portum Tarraconis ex alto tenuit. Ibi milite exposito profectus Scipio fratri 20 se coniungit, ac deinde communi animo consilioque gerebant bellum. Occupatis 5 igitur Carthaginiensibus Celtiberico bello, haud cunctanter Hiberum transgrediuntur, nec ullo viso hoste, Saguntum pergunt ire, quod ibi obsides totius Hispaniae tra25 ditos ab Hannibale fama erat modico in arce custodiri praesidio. Id unum pignus inclinatos ad Romanam societatem omnium Hispaniae populorum animos morabatur, ne sanguine liberorum suorum culpa defectionis lueretur. 154. Eo vinculo Hispaniam vir unus sollerti magis quam fideli1 consilio

7

6

exsolvit.

of Abelux

the Spanish

hostages are

put into the

hands of the

Abelux erat Sagunti nobilis By the craft Hispanus, fidus ante Poenis; tum, qualia 2 plerumque sunt barbarorum ingenia, cum fortuna mutaverat fidem. Ceterum trans- Romans. fugam sine magnae rei proditione venientem ad s hostes nihil aliud quam unum vile atque infame corpus esse ratus, id agebat,3 ut quam maximo emolumento novis sociis esset.4 Circumspectis igitur omnibus, quae fortuna potestatis eius 5 poterat facere, obsidibus potissimum tradendis ani- io mum adiecit, eam unam rem maxime 6 ratus conciliaturam Romanis principum Hispaniae amicitiam. 155. Sed quum iniussu Bostaris praefecti satis sciret nihil obsidum custodes facturos esse, Bostarem ipsum arte aggreditur. Castra extra urbem in 15 ipso litore habebat Bostar, ut aditum ea parte intercluderet Romanis. Ibi eum in secretum abductum,1 velut ignorantem monet, quo statu sit2 res: metum continuisse ad eam diem Hispanorum animos, quia procul Romani abessent; nunc cis 5 Hiberum castra 20 Romana esse, arcem tutam perfugiumque novas volentibus res; itaque, quos metus non teneret, beneficio et gratia devinciendos esse. 156. Miranti Bostari percontantique, quodnam 2 donum efficere tantam rem posset, "obsides" inquit “in 25 civitates remitte. Id et privatim parentibus, quorum maximum momentum in civitatibus est suis, et publice populis gratum erit. Vult sibi quisque credi,3 et habita fides ipsam plerumque obligat fidem. Ministerium restituendorum domos 5 obsidum mihi

4

3

6

7

8

met deposco ipse, ut opera quoque impensa consilium adiuvem meum et rei suapte natura gratae quantam insuper gratiam possim adiiciam." 157. Homini non ad cetera1 Punica ingenia callido 5 ut persuasit, nocte clam progressus ad hostium stationes, conventis 2 quibusdam auxiliaribus Hispanis et ab his ad Scipionem perductus, quod affert expromit, et fide accepta dataque ac loco et tempore constituto ad obsides tradendos, Saguntum redit. 10 Diem insequentem absumpsit cum Bostare mandatis ad rem agendam accipiendis. Dimissus, quum se nocte iturum, ut custodias hostium falleret, constituisset, ad compositam cum iis horam excitatis custodibus puerorum profectus, veluti ignarus in 15 praeparatas sua fraude insidias ducit. In castra Romana perducti; cetera omnia 5 de reddendis obsidibus, sicut cum Bostare constitutum erat, acta. 158. Maior aliquanto1 Romanorum gratia fuit in re pari, quam quanta Carthaginiensium 3 fuisset. Illos 5 enim graves superbosque in rebus secundis expertos fortuna et timor mitigasse videri potuisset; Romanus

20

The Romans
set them
free and gain
credit for it
among the
Spanish
tribes.

primo adventu, incognitus ante, ab re clementi liberalique initium fecerat, et Abelux, vir 25 prudens, haud frustra videbatur socios mutasse. Itaque ingenti consensu defectionem omnes spectare; armaque extemplo mota forent, ni hiems, quae Romanos quoque et Carthaginienses concedere in tecta coegit, intervenisset."

8

NOTES.

The Grammar commonly referred to is the last edition of the

1.-1. omnium: Latin Primer, § 130. (R. 520.)

2. gesta sint, § 151. 3. H. duce, § 125, a. 'favour of Baal.'

(R. 765.)

(R. 504.) The name 'Hannibal' means

4. inter se, belonging to contulerunt arma, means 'with one another.'

5. ipsis, referring to what has been said of the greatness of the two countries: though so great in past times, yet never before greater than at this time. Even these,'

6. virium, § 131. (R. 522.)

7. anceps, properly 'two-headed' (ambo-caput): op. praeceps. (R. 803.)

8. periculum means here not merely danger,' but 'ruin.' 9. fuerint: p. 162 (B), 1. (R. 702.)

2.-1. Hannibalem . . . iuravisse: p. 161, 1. 1 (1). (R. 537.)

...

2. annorum ... novem: genitive of quality, § 128. (R 524) 3. altaribus, singular in meaning

3.-1. distulerunt: p. 125 (7.) (R. 814.) 2. annos, § 102 3. obtinuit. Obtinere does not mean 'to get,' nor does occupare mean 'to keep,' but vice versâ.

4. hospitiis (§ 113), 'private treaties of friendship,' such as two families might have with one another: here they were entered into between Hasdrubal and the Spanish chieftains: he married a Spanish wife.

5. nihilo, § 118.

6. iram interfecti domini. The genitive here expresses cause or origin. Observe that where we should use a substantive, the murder of his master,' in Latin we often have a participle or adjective: so summus mons the top of the mountain; amissa Sardinia = 'the loss of Sardinia: concrete for abstract.

7. eo habitu, 'such an expression,' § 115. (R. 502.)

8. visus sit: p. 162 (B), I. (R. 702.)

4.-1. ut, 'on condition that:' ea lege ut is the full expression. The clause is consecutive.

2. Hiberus, 'the Ebro.'

3. Saguntinis mediis, &c. One would think from this expression that Saguntum (a colony from Zakynthus, whence its name) was on or near the Ebro, whereas it was a long way to the south of that river: but the historians of the time did not know much geography, and one of the best, Polybius, thought that Saguntum was north of the Ebro. It is very doubtful whether Saguntum was really mentioned by name in this treaty at all. The Romans of course wished to prove that Hannibal was breaking treaties when he attacked it: the treaty perhaps only said that the allies on both sides should be secure from attack. Saguntum was in alliance with Rome.

5.-1. vixdum puberem. He was really about 23 years old: perhaps he had returned to Africa at his father's death.

...

2. Hamilcarem . . . redditum sibi esse: p. 161, 1. 1 (2). (R. 535.)

3. parendum, &c., § 141, 1.

4. discerneres; i.e. it would have been difficult to decide (if one had been present): an implied condition; see p. 152, C. and ch. 17, note 4. (R. 644.)