inde Syriam audentioribus spatiis petebat. Atque illum cupido incessit adeundi visendique templum Paphiæ Veneris," inclitum per indigenas advenasque. Haud fuerit longum, initia religionis, templi situm, formam Deæ, neque enim alibi sic habetur, paucis disserere. 3. Conditorem templi regem Aeriam' vetus memoria, quidam ipsius Deæ nomen id' perhibent. Fama recentior tradit, a Cinyra' sacratum templum, Deamque ipsam, conceptam mari, huc appulsam: sed scientiam artemque haruspicum accitam; et Cilicem Thamyram intulisse: atque ita pactum, ut familiæ utriusque posteri cærimoniis præsiderent.' Mox, ne honore nullo regium genus peregrinam stirpem antecelleret, ipsa, quam intulerant, scientia hospites cessere: tantum Cinyrades sacerdos consulitur. Hostiæ, ut quisque vovit, sed mares deliguntur. Certissima fides hædorum fibris. Sanguinem aræ obfundere vetitum precibus et igne puro altaria adolentur, nec ullis imbribus, quamquam in aperto," madescunt. Simulacrum Deæ non effigie humana: continuus orbis latiore initio tenuem in ambitum, metæ modo," exsurgens: et ratio in obscuro 19ło. 4. Titus, spectata opulentia donisque regum, quæque alia lætum antiquitatibus Græcorum genus incertæ vetustati adfingit, de navigatione' primum consuluit: postquam pandi viam et mare prosperum' accepit, de se per ambages interrogat, cæsis compluribus hostiis. Sostratus (sacerdotis id nomen erat) ubi læta et congruentia exta, magnisque consultis annuere Deam, videt, pauca in præsens et solita respondens, petito secreto, futura aperit. Titus, aucto animo, ad patrem pervectus, suspensis provinciarum et exercituum mentibus, ingens rerum fiducia' Paphian Venus was not of human • Ratio in obscuro] See a famous painting published by the Herculanean academicians, in the Pitture Antiche d'Ercolano, vol. iii, Tab. 52. P Donisque reg.] See A. jii, 63. « 9 Lætum antiq.] This was always a characteristic of the Greeks. Hence the many relics of their superstitions Rerum fiducia] Derived from the answer of Sostratus. accessit. Profligaverat bellum Judaicum Vespasianus ; oppugnatione Hierosolymorum reliqua, duro magis et arduo opere, ob ingenium montis et pervicaciam superstitionis, quam quo satis virium obsessis ad tolerandas necessitates superesset. Tres, ut supra memoravimus," ipsi Vespasiano legiones erant, exercita bello: quatuor Mucianus obtinebat in pace; sed æmulatio et proximi exercitus gloria repulerat segnitiam; quantumque illis roboris discrimina et labor, tantum his vigoris addiderat integra quies et inexpertus belli labor: auxilia utrique cohortium alarumque, et classes regesque, ac nomen dispari fama celebre. D 5. Vespasianus, acer militiæ, anteire agmen, locum castris capere, noctu diuque consilio, ac, si res posceret, manu hostibus obniti; cibo fortuito, veste habituque vix a gregario milite discrepans: prorsus, si avaritia abesset, antiquis ducibus par. Mucianum e contrario magnificentia et opes et cuncta privatum modum supergressa extollebant: aptior sermone, dispositu provisuque civilium rerum peritus; egregium principatus temperamentum, si, demtis utriusque vitiis, solæ virtutes miscerentur. Ceterum hic Syriæ, ille Judææ præpositus, vicinis provinciarum administrationibus, invidia discordes, exitu demum Neronis, positis odiis, in medium consuluere: primum per amicos; dein præcipua concordiæ fides Titus, prava certamina communi utilitate aboleverat; natura atque arte compositus adliciendis etiam Muciani moribus. Tribuni centurionesque, et vulgus militum, industria, licentia, per virtutes, per voluptates, ut cuique ingenium, adsciscebantur. 6. Antequam Titus adventaret, sacramentum Othonis' acceperat uterque exercitus, præcipitibus, ut adsolet, nuntiis, et tarda mole civilis belli, quod longa concordia quietus Proflig.] Had nearly brought to an end. A new expression, as may be seen in Gell. xv, 5. The same word had been used by Augustus, as appears from an Ancyran inscription, in Chishull's Antiq. Asiaticæ, p. 174. COEPTA. PROFLIGATAQUE. OPERA. A Ingen. montis] So Plin. xiv, 1. * Ad cœli mores, solique ingenia.'xvii, 2. Ad soli naturam, ad loci ingenium, ad cœli cujusque mores dirigenda so lertia est.' "Memorav.] H. i, 10. Prox. exerc.] The army, which under Vespasian had nearly brought the Jewish war to an end. * Anteire agmen] So Jul. Cæsar, as we learn from Suet. Jul. 57. in agmine nonnumquam equo, sæpius pedibus anteibat, capite detecto, seu sol seu imber esset.' Sacr. Othonis] See the coin cited in H. i, 76. Oriens tunc primum parabat ; namque olim validissima inter se civium arma, in Italia Galliave, viribus Occidentis coepta: et Pompeio, Cassio, Bruto, Antonio, quos omnes trans mare secutum est civile bellum, haud prosperi exitus fuerant; auditique sæpius in Syria Judæaque Cæsares, quam inspecti. Nulla seditio legionum: tantum adversus Parthos minæ, vario eventu: et proximo civili bello," turbatis aliis, inconcussa ibi pax: dein fides erga Galbam. Mox, ut, Othonem ac Vitellium scelestis armis res Romanas raptum ire,' vulgatum est, ne penes ceteros imperii præmia, penes ipsos tantum servitii necessitas esset, fremere miles et vires suas circumspicere. Septem legiones' sta Vario eventu] A. xv, 24. 27. • Prox.-bello] In which Vindex and Galba rebelled against Nero. • Septem legiones] The names of the several legions were as follows: Legio prima, the first legion. Legio prima Italica, the first Italic legion, raised by Nero, as appears in Dio, Iv. Legio prima adjutrix, an additional legion, according to Dio raised by Nero from the marines, and for that reason called Legio prima adjutrix classicorum. Legio secunda, the second legion. Legio secunda adjutrix, raised by Vespasian during the war with Vitellius. Legio tertia, the third legion; stationed in Syria. Legio tertia; another, called also the third, in Egypt. Legio tertia; another, stationed in Africa. Legio quarta, the fourth legion, called, to distinguish it from another fourth legion, Legio quarta Macedonica. Legio quarta, another fourth legion, called, for the sake of distinction, Legio quarta Scythica. Legio quinta, the fifth legion. Legio quinta Macedonica, the fifth legion, called the Macedonian. Legio sexta, the sixth legion, sometimes called Legio sexta victrix. Legio sexta ferrata; another sixth legion, with the addition of ferrata, to distinguish it from the former. Legio septima Claudiana, the seventh, called also the Claudian. Legio septima Galbiana, the seventh, called the Galbian. Legio octava, the eighth Jegion, sometimes called Invicta. Legio nona, the ninth legion, sometimes called Gemina, because it was one legion formed out of two. Legio decima, the tenth legion, quartered in Spain. Legio decima, another tenth legion, quartered in Judea. Legio undecima, the eleventh legion, sometimes with the additional title of Claudiana. Legio duodecima, the twelfth legion, sometimes called Legio duodecima fulminea. Legio tertia decima, the thirteenth legion, called also Gemina, because composed of two united into one. Legio quarta decima, the fourteenth legion. Legio quinta decima, the fifteenth legion, stationed in the Lower Germany. Legio quinta decima, another fifteenth legion, quartered in Judea, sometimes called Legio quinta decima Apollinaris. Legio sexta decima, the sixteenth legion. Legio septima decima, the seventeenth legion, thought to be one of those that suffered in the slaughter of Varus. Legio duodevicesima, the eighteenth legion, another of the legions under Varus. Legio undevicesima, the nineteenth legion, another legion under Varus. Legio vicesima, the twentieth legion, called by Dio Valeria victriz. Legio una et vicesima, the twentyfirst legion, sometimes with the addition of rapax. Legio duo et vicesima, the twenty-second legion, stationed in Germany. Legio duo et vicesima, another twenty-second legion, quartered in Egypt. Legio e classicis, a legion formed out of the marine soldiers by Vitellius in his last distress, but soon received into Vespasian's stim, et cum ingentibus auxiliis Syria Judæaque: inde continua Ægyptus duæque legiones: hinc Cappadocia Pontusque, et quidquid castrorum Armeniis prætenditur. Asia et ceteræ provinciæ, nec virorum inopes et pecuniæ opulentæ: quantum insularum mari cingitur, et parando interim bello secundum tutumque ipsum mare. d 7. Non fallebat duces impetus militum; sed, bellantibus aliis, placuit expectari bellum: "victores victosque numquam solida fide coalescere: nec referre, Vitellium an Othonem superstitem Fortuna faceret. Rebus secundis etiam egregios duces insolescere discordiam his, ignaviam, luxuriem: et suismet vitiis alteram bello, alterum victoria periturum.' Igitur arma in occasionem distulere, Vespasianus Mucianusque nuper, ceteri olim Ixtis consiliis: optimus quisque amore reipublice; multos dulcedo prædarum stimulabat; alios ambiguæ domi res. Ita boni malique causis diversis, studio pari, bellum omnes cupiebant. ་། ྃ་ 8. Sub idem tempus Achaia atque Asia falso exterritæ, velut Nero adventaret; vario super exitu ejus rumore, party, and never more distinguished. eoque pluribus vivere eum fingentibus credentibusque. Ceterorum casus conatusque in contextu operis dicemus. Tunc servus e Ponto, sive, ut alii tradidere, libertinus ex Italia, citharæ et cantus peritus, (unde illi, super similitudinem oris, propior ad fallendum fides) adjunctis desertoribus, quos inopia vagos ingentibus promissis corruperat, mare ingreditur; ac vi tempestatum Cythnum insulam' detrusus, et militum quosdam ex Oriente commeantium* adscivit, vel abnuentes interfici jussit, et spoliatis negotiatoribus, mancipiorum valentissimum quemque armavit; centurionemque Sisennam, dextras, concordiæ insignia,' Syri- aci exercitus nomine ad prætorianos ferentem, variis artibus adgressus est: donec Sisenna, clam relicta insula, trepidus et vim metuens aufugeret: inde late terror, multis ad celebritatem nominis erectis, rerum novarum cupidine et odio præsentium. 6 9. Gliscentem in dies famam fors discussit. Galatiam ac Pamphyliam provincias" Calpurnio Asprenati regendas Galba permiserat: datæ e classe Misenensi" duæ triremes ad prosequendum, cum quibus Cythnum insulam tenuit: nec defuere, qui trierarchos nomine Neronis accirent: is in moestitiam compositus, et fidem suorum quondam militum' invocans, ut eum in Syria aut Ægypto sisterent,' orabat. Trierarchi nutantes, seu dolo, adloquendos sibi milites, et paratis omnium animis reversuros,' firmaverunt. Sed Asprenati cuncta ex fide nuntiata; cujus cohortatione expugnata navis, et interfectus quisquis ille erat. Corpus, insigne oculis comaque et torvitate vultus," in Asiam atque inde Romam pervectum est. 10. In civitate discordi, et ob crebras Principum mutationes inter libertatem ac licentiam incerta, parvæ quoque res magnis motibus agebantur. Vibius Crispus, pecunia, potentia, ingenio inter claros magis quam inter bonos, Annium Faustum, equestris ordinis, qui temporibus Neronis delationes factitaverat, ad cognitionem senatus vocabat: nam recens, Galbæ principatu, censuerant patres, ut ac ▲ Ceterorum casus] Of the other false Neros. Other impostors appeared afterwards. Cythnum insulam] One of the Cyclades; now called Thermia. Commeantium] See on H. i, 46. ' Concordiæ insignia] See on H. i, 54. m Provincias] Bordering on Pontus. "Classe Misen.] A. iv, 5. • Aut Egypto] Like Nero, who was undetermined whether to go to Syria or to Egypt. P Torvitate vultus] The same ferocity appeared in Nero's countenance as he was dying. |