49. COMPARISON OF RESOLUTIONS RELATING TO THE MAINTENANCE OF PEACE AND SECURITY IN VARIOUS AREAS-Continued

SEC. 2. The United States regards as vital
to its national interest and to world peace
the maintenance of international peace and
security in Southeast Asia. Consonant
with the Constitution and the Charter of
the United Nations and in accordance with
its obligations under the Southeast Asia
Collective Defense Treaty, the United
States is, therefore, prepared, as the Presi-
dent determines, to take all necessary steps,
including the use of armed force, to assist
any protocol or member state of the South-
east Asia Collective Defense Treaty request-
ing assistance in defense of its freedom.

Cuba

(a) to prevent by whatever means may
benecessary, including the use of arms,
the Marxist-Leninist regime in Cuba from
extending, by force or the threat of force,
its aggressive or subversive activities to
any part of this hemisphere;

(b) to prevent in Cuba the creation or
use of an externally supported military
capability endangering the security of the
United States; and

(c) to work with the Organization of
American States and with freedom-loving
Cubans to support the aspirations of the
Cuban people for self-determination.

This resolution shall expire when the
President shall determine that the peace
and security of the area is reasonably assured
by international conditions created by
action of the United Nations or otherwise,
and shall so report to the Congress, except
that it may be terminated earlier by a con-
current resolution of the two Houses.

This resolution shall expire when the
President shall determine that the peace
and security of the area is reasonably
assured by international conditions

created by action of the United Nations or
otherwise, and shall so report to the Con-
gress.

SEC. 2. The President is authorized to
undertake in the general area of the Middle
East, military assistance programs with any
nation or group of nations of that area de-
siring such assistance. Furthermore, the
United States regards as vital to the national
interest and world peace the preservation of
the independence and integrity of the na-
tions of the Middle East. To this end, if
the President determines the necessity
thereof, the United States is prepared to use
armed forces to assist any nation or group of
such nations requesting assistance against
armed aggression from any country controlled
by international communism: Provided,
That such employment shall be consonant
with the treaty obligations of the United
States and with the Constitution of the
United States.

This joint resolution shall expire when the
President shall determine that the peace and
security of the nations in the general area of
the Middle East are reasonably assured by
international conditions created by action of
the United Nations or otherwise except tha
it may be terminated earlier by a concurrent
resolution of the two Houses of Congress.

50. ADDRESS BY PRESIDENT JOHNSON, AUGUST 12, 1964

In Viet-Nam, too, we work for world order.

For 10 years, through the Eisenhower administration, the Kennedy administration, and this administration, we have had one consistent aim observance of the 1954 agreements which guaranteed the independence of South Viet-Nam.

That independence has been the consistent target of aggression and terror. For 10 years our response to these attacks has followed a consistent pattern:

First, that the South Vietnamese have the basic responsibility for the defense of their own freedom.

Second, we would engage our strength and our resources to whatever extent needed to help others repel aggression.

Now, there are those who would have us depart from these tested principles. They have a variety of viewpoints. All of them, I am sure, you have heard in your local community.

Some say that we should withdraw from South Viet-Nam, that we have lost almost 200 lives there in the last 4 years, and we should come home. But the United States cannot and must not and will not turn aside and allow the freedom of a brave people to be handed over to Communist tyranny. This alternative is strategically unwise, we think, and it is morally unthinkable.

Some others are eager to enlarge the conflict. They call upon us to supply American boys to do the job that Asian boys should do. They ask us to take reckless action which might risk the lives of millions and engulf much of Asia and certainly threaten the peace of the entire world. Moreover, such action would offer no solution at all to the real problem of Viet-Nam. America can and America will meet any wider challenge from others, but our aim in Viet-Nam, as in the rest of the world, is to help restore the peace and to reestablish a decent order.

The course that we have chosen will require wisdom and endurance. But let no one doubt for a moment that we have the resources and the will to follow this course as long as it may take. No one should think for a moment that we will be worn down, nor will we be driven out, and we will not be provoked into rashness; but we will continue to meet aggression with firmness and unprovoked attack with measured reply.

That is the meaning of the prompt reaction of our destroyers to unprovoked attack. That is the meaning of the positive reply of our aircraft to a repetition of that attack. That is the meaning of the resolution passed by your Congress with 502 votes in favor and only 2 opposed. That is the meaning of the national unity that we have shown to all the world last week.

There is another consideration. Wherever the forces of freedom are engaged, no one who commands the power of nuclear weapons can escape his responsibility for the life of our people and the life of your children.

It has never been the policy of any American to sympathetically or systematically place in hazard the life of this nation by threatening

130

30

SOUTHEAST ASIA AND VIETNAM

49. COMPARISON OF RESOLUTIONS RELATING TO THE MAINTENANCE OF PEACE AND SECURITY IN VARIOUS AREAS-Continued

SEC. 2. The United States regards as vital
to its national interest and to world peace
the maintenance of international peace and
security in Southeast Asia. Consonant
with the Constitution and the Charter of
the United Nations and in accordance with
its obligations under the Southeast Asia
Collective Defense Treaty, the United
States is, therefore, prepared, as the Presi-
dent determines, to take all necessary steps,
including the use of armed force, to assist
any protocol or member state of the South-
east Asia Collective Defense Treaty request-
ing assistance in defense of its freedom.

This resolution shall expire when the
President shall determine that the peace
and security of the area is reasonably assured
by international conditions created by
action of the United Nations or otherwise,
and shall so report to the Congress, except
that it may be terminated earlier by a con-
current resolution of the two Houses.

This resolution shall expire when the
President shall determine that the peace
and security of the area is reasonably
assured by international conditions
created by action of the United Nations or
otherwise, and shall so report to the Con-
gress.

SEC. 2. The President is authorized to
undertake in the general area of the Middle
East, military assistance programs with any
nation or group of nations of that area de-
siring such assistance. Furthermore, the
United States regards as vital to the national
interest and world peace the preservation of
the independence and integrity of the na-
tions of the Middle East. To this end, if
the President determines the necessity
thereof, the United States is prepared to use
armed forces to assist any nation or group of
such nations requesting assistance against
armed aggression from any country controlled
by international communism: Provided,
That such employment shall be consonant
with the treaty obligations of the United
States and with the Constitution of the
United States.

This joint resolution shall expire when the
President shall determine that the peace and
security of the nations in the general area of
the Middle East are reasonably assured by
international conditions created by action of
the United Nations or otherwise except tha
it may be terminated earlier by a concurrent
resolution of the two Houses of Congress.

50. ADDRESS BY PRESIDENT JOHNSON, AUGUST 12, 1964

In Viet-Nam, too, we work for world order.

For 10 years, through the Eisenhower administration, the Kennedy administration, and this administration, we have had one consistent aim observance of the 1954 agreements which guaranteed the independence of South Viet-Nam.

That independence has been the consistent target of aggression and terror. For 10 years our response to these attacks has followed a consistent pattern:

First, that the South Vietnamese have the basic responsibility for the defense of their own freedom.

Second, we would engage our strength and our resources to whatever extent needed to help others repel aggression.

Now, there are those who would have us depart from these tested principles. They have a variety of viewpoints. All of them, I am sure, you have heard in your local community.

Some say that we should withdraw from South Viet-Nam, that we have lost almost 200 lives there in the last 4 years, and we should come home. But the United States cannot and must not and will not turn aside and allow the freedom of a brave people to be handed over to Communist tyranny. This alternative is strategically unwise, we think, and it is morally unthinkable.

Some others are eager to enlarge the conflict. They call upon us. to supply American boys to do the job that Asian boys should do. They ask us to take reckless action which might risk the lives of millions and engulf much of Asia and certainly threaten the peace of the entire world. Moreover, such action would offer no solution at all to the real problem of Viet-Nam. America can and America will meet any wider challenge from others, but our aim in Viet-Nam, as in the rest of the world, is to help restore the peace and to reestablish a decent order.

The course that we have chosen will require wisdom and endurance. But let no one doubt for a moment that we have the resources and the will to follow this course as long as it may take. No one should think for a moment that we will be worn down, nor will we be driven out, and we will not be provoked into rashness; but we will continue to meet aggression with firmness and unprovoked attack with measured reply.

That is the meaning of the prompt reaction of our destroyers to unprovoked attack. That is the meaning of the positive reply of our aircraft to a repetition of that attack. That is the meaning of the resolution passed by your Congress with 502 votes in favor and only 2 opposed. That is the meaning of the national unity that we have shown to all the world last week.

There is another consideration. Wherever the forces of freedom are engaged, no one who commands the power of nuclear weapons can escape his responsibility for the life of our people and the life of your children.

It has never been the policy of any American to sympathetically or systematically place in hazard the life of this nation by threatening

49. COMPARISON OF RESOLUTIONS RELATING TO THE MAINTENANCE OF PEACE AND SECURITY IN VARIOUS AREAS-Continued

Southeast Asia

the President, as Commander-in-Chief, to
take all necessary measures to repel any
armed attack against the forces of the United
States and to prevent further aggression.

This resolution shall expire when the
President shall determine that the peace
and security of the area is reasonably assured
by international conditions created by
action of the United Nations or otherwise,
and shall so report to the Congress, except
that it may be terminated earlier by a con-
current resolution of the two Houses.

Cuba

(a) to prevent by whatever means may
benecessary, including the use of arms,
the Marxist-Leninist regime in Cuba from
extending, by force or the threat of force,
its aggressive or subversive activities to
any part of this hemisphere;

(b) to prevent in Cuba the creation or
use of an externally supported military
capability endangering the security of the
United States; and

(c) to work with the Organization of
American States and with freedom-loving
Cubans to support the aspirations of the
Cuban people for self-determination.

Formosa

thorized to employ the Armed Forces of
the United States as he deems necessary
for the specific purpose of securing and
protecting Formosa and the Pescadores
against armed attack, this authority to
include the securing and protection of
such related positions and territories of
that area now in friendly hands and the
taking of such other measures as he judges
to be required or appropriate in assuring
the defense of Formosa and the Pescadores.

This resolution shall expire when the
President shall determine that the peace
and security of the area is reasonably
assured by international conditions

created by action of the United Nations or
otherwise, and shall so report to the Con-
gress.

SEC. 2. The President is authorized to
undertake in the general area of the Middle
East, military assistance programs with any
nation or group of nations of that area de-
siring such assistance. Furthermore, the
United States regards as vital to the national
interest and world peace the preservation of
the independence and integrity of the na-
tions of the Middle East. To this end, if
the President determines the necessity
thereof, the United States is prepared to use
armed forces to assist any nation or group of
such nations requesting assistance against
armed aggression from any country controlled
by international communism: Provided,
That such employment shall be consonant
with the treaty obligations of the United
States and with the Constitution of the
United States.

This joint resolution shall expire when the
President shall determine that the peace and
security of the nations in the general area of
the Middle East are reasonably assured by
international conditions created by action of
the United Nations or otherwise except tha
it may be terminated earlier by a concurrent
resolution of the two
Houses of Congress.