rentur, Archimeden memoriae proditum est in tanto tumultu, quantum pavor captae urbis in discursu diripientium militum ciere poterat, intentum formis, quas in pulvere descripserat, ab ignaro milite quis esset, interfectum; aegre id Marcel- 10 lum tulisse sepulturaeque curam habitam, et propinquis etiam inquisitis honori praesidioque nomen ac memoriam eius fuisse. Hoc maxime modo Syracusae captae; in 11 quibus praedae tantum fuit, quantum vix capta Carthagine tum fuisset, cum qua viribus aequis certabatur. 9. BOOK XXVI Hannibal before the Walls of Rome. Fall of Capua. 211 B.C. Hannibal quo die Vulturnum est transgressus, haud procul a flumine castra posuit; postero die praeter Cales 2 in agrum Sidicinum pervenit. Ibi diem unum populando moratus per Suessanum Allifanumque et Casinatem agrum via Latina ducit. Sub Casino biduo stativa habita et pas3 sim populationes factae. Inde praeter Interamnam Aquinumque in Fregellanum agrum ad Lirim fluvium ventum, ubi intercisum pontem a Fregellanis morandi itineris causa 4 invenit. Et Fulvium Vulturnus tenuerat amnis, navibus having come from Bruttium in the hope of relieving his allies, was repulsed in his assault upon the Roman camp. He then determined to attack Rome itself, thinking that, even if he did not take the city, he would at least cause the Roman army, or a part of it, to abandon the siege of Capua in order to protect Rome. 9. 1. Vulturnum : the river crosses Campania just north of Capua. 2. Cales: this town and Teanum, the chief city of the Sidicini, were both on the Via Latina. Suessanum Allifanumque: Suessa Aurunca was in southern Latium, at some distance from the road on the west, while Allifae was still farther distant to the east, in Samnium. We must understand that the domain of these towns extended as far as the road, or that Hannibal left the road for the purpose of plundering; see on § 3 Interamnam. - Casinatem: Casinum was on the Via Latina. via Latina: branching from the Via Appia about half a mile out side the Porta Capena, it passed through central Latium into northern Campania and at Casilinum on the Vulturnus again joined the Via Appia. — sub: near; but used in this sense only with names of places which are in an elevated position. — biduo: for the abl. see on 9, 3, 10 quibus. — stativa: see on 21, 35, 5. 3. praeter Interamnam agrum: Interamna was on the Liris south of the road, which at this point runs almost due west; that Hannibal passed the town at a distance is indicated by the fact that the Liris is not mentioned till he reaches the neighborhood of Fregellae. Aquinum was on the road; Fregellae was a short distance to the north. The road crossed the Liris about six miles west of Aquinum. 4. Fulvium: proconsul and, according to Livy, one of the commanders of the Roman army at Capua, who, with 15,000 infantry and 1000 cavalry, was now hastening to Rome by the Via Appia. Polybius does not mention Fulvius as a commander at Capua, ab Hannibale incensis, rates ad traiciendum exercitum in magna inopia materiae aegre conparantem. Traiecto ra- 5 tibus exercitu relicum Fulvio expeditum iter non per urbes modo sed circa viam expositis benigne commeatibus erat, alacresque milites alius alium, ut adderet gradum memor ad defendendam iri patriam, hortabantur. Romam Fregel- 6 lanus nuntius diem noctemque itinere continuato ingentem attulit terrorem; tumultuosius quam quod adlatum erat, concursus hominum adfingentium vana auditis totam urbem concitat. Ploratus mulierum non ex privatis solum domibus 7 exaudiebatur, sed undique matronae in publicum effusae circa deum delubra discurrunt, crinibus passis aras verrentes, nixae genibus, supinas manus ad caelum ac deos ten- 8 and says nothing of the withdrawal of this force.-in: for this use, indicating cause, cf. 1, 27, 7. 5. circa: on both sides of; cf. 9, 6, 4. — adderet gradum: a common idiom, meaning, literally, to add a step to the ordinary number,i.e. to step more quickly. 6. diem noctemque: cf. 26, 27, 4 nocte ac die continuatum incendium fuit. Fregellae was about sixty miles from Rome. Polybius and Livy do not agree on this point. Polybius does not mention this messenger, but says that Hannibal appeared before the walls of Rome unexpected; that the Romans believed that he had destroyed their army at Capua. Livy, on the other hand, besides mentioning the warning from Fregellae, describes in chap. 8 the deliberations LIVY - 18 273 dentes orantesque ut urbem Romanam e manibus hostium. eriperent matresque Romanas et liberos parvos inviolatos 9 servarent. Senatus magistratibus in foro praesto est, si quid consulere velint. Alii accipiunt imperia disceduntque ad suas quisque officiorum partes, alii offerunt se, si quo usus operae sit. Praesidia in arce, in Capitolio, in muris, circa urbem, in monte etiam Albano atque arce Aefulana Io ponuntur. Inter hunc tumultum Q. Fulvium proconsulem profectum cum exercitu Capua adfertur; cui ne minueretur imperium, si in urbem venisset, decernit senatus ut Q. Ful11 vio par cum consulibus imperium esset. Hannibal infestius perpopulato agro Fregellano propter intercisos pontis, per Frusinatem Ferentinatemque et Anagninum agrum in Labi this appears to have been the original Italian custom. ... 8. supinas: see on 3, 50, 5. urbem Romanam . . . matresque Romanas: the repetition of the adj. gives greater emphasis than if the usual urbem Romam had been used; cf. 21, 35, 9. 9. in foro i.e. in the Curia (cf. 27, 50, 4) or in the Senaculum, a place in or near the Comitium where the senators assembled before entering the senate-house. quid: adv. acc. or, possibly, object of consulere; see on 2, 28, 2. si quo: if in any direction. in arce, in Capitolio: see on 5, 39, 9. monte . . . Albano: about fifteen miles from Rome, between the Via Appia and the Via Latina. arce Aefulana: probably a hill near the town of Aefula, about sixteen miles east of Rome. 10. Fulvium: see on § 4. Capua: usually in Livy with the preposition; see on I, 27, 4. cui . . . imperium: the power of a proconsul was confined to the region to which he had been assigned; in Rome he was a private citizen. - par cum consulibus: for the brachylogy see on 2, 27, 4; cf. 10, 24, 16 ut ita sortem aequam sibi cum collega dent, and 30, 27, 5 parique imperio cum P. Scipione imperatore esset. 11. Hannibal . : resuming the narrative after the interruption of §§ 4-10. - per Frusinatem . . Labicanum: these towns, - Frusino, Ferentinum, Anagnia, and Labici, were all on or near the Via Latina. The last was about fifteen miles from Rome. 12. Algido: abl. of the way by which. Tusculum was on Mt. |