que certamine ac tumultu populi ad fores curiae concursum est, ut adire nuntius non posset, sed traheretur a percunctantibus vociferantibusque, ut in rostris prius quam in Io senatu litterae recitarentur. Tandem submoti et coerciti a magistratibus, dispensarique laetitia inter inpotentis eius II animos potuit. In senatu primum, deinde in contione litterae recitatae sunt; et pro cuiusque ingenio aliis iam certum gaudium, aliis nulla ante futura fides erat quam legatos consulumve litteras audissent.

I 51. Ipsos deinde adpropinquare legatos adlatum est. Tunc enimvero omnis aetas currere obvii, primus quisque 2 oculis auribusque haurire tantum gaudium cupientes. Ad 3 Mulvium usque pontem continens agmen pervenit. Legati erant L. Veturius Philo, P. Licinius Varus, Q. Caecilius Metellus circumfusi omnis generis hominum frequentia

the senate was in session, a message was taken directly to the Curia; see 27, 51, 5; 45, 2, 3.senatum . . . exciverunt: we must assume that upon learning the cause of the disturbance they immediately returned with the praetor to the senate-house; the messenger, who still retained the letter, was prevented from following. tantoque. concursum est: cf. 22, 7, 7.- rostris: the platform at the front of the Comitium, from which the people were addressed.

eius cf. § 7 and 27, 51, 6 cum vix gaudium animis caperent.

51. 1. aetas: for this use of the abstract noun cf. 3, 47, I civitas, advocatione; as a collective noun it is qualified by the plural adj. obvii, and the construction is repeated in primus quisque . cupientes. primus quisque : all those in advance; in partitive app. with aetas. This appears to be a somewhat awkward way of saying that each was eager to hear the news first.

2. Mulvium pontem: the Via Flaminia crossed the Tiber by this bridge, now the Ponte Molle, about two miles north of the gate in the Servian Wall where the road began.

3. circumfusi: here a real passive; more often used in a reflex

in forum pervenerunt, cum alii ipsos, alii comites eorum, quae acta essent, percunctarentur. Et ut quisque audierat 4 exercitum hostium imperatoremque occisum, legiones Romanas incolumes, salvos consules esse, extemplo aliis porro inpertiebant gaudium suum. Cum aegre in curiam per- 5 ventum esset, multo aegrius submota turba, ne patribus misceretur, litterae in senatu recitatae sunt. Inde traducti in contionem legati. L. Veturius litteris recitatis ipse 6 planius omnia, quae acta erant, exposuit cum ingenti adsensu, postremo etiam clamore universae contionis, cum vix gaudium animis caperent. Discursum inde ab aliis 7 circa templa deum, ut grates agerent, ab aliis domos, ut coniugibus liberisque tam laetum nuntium inpertirent. Senatus, quod M. Livius et C. Claudius consules incolumi 8 exercitu ducem hostium legionesque occidissent, supplica

ive sense, as in 22, 7, II. — cum: while; the clause is not primarily temporal and an indic. might have been used (see on 3, 46, 10); there is a similar use of the subj. in $9.

4. audierat: Livy uses either the indic. or the subj. in a relative, temporal, or conditional clause expressing repeated action in past time; cf. 3, 50, 13 and see on 3, 36, 8. -porro inpertiebant: they went on to share.

but, as the doors were ordinarily
left open, they could follow the dis-
cussion and sometimes interrupted
it with applause or expressions of
disapproval. traducti:
by the
magistrates; produco and prodeo
are the regular words in this sense.
traduco is used here, perhaps, to
suggest that they were taken across
the Comitium through the crowd;
cf. 45, 2, 6. They addressed the
people from the rostra.

7. circa for this use cf. 26, 13, I. templa: on the edge of the Forum at this time were the temples of Vesta, Janus, Saturn, Castor, and Concord, and the great temple of Jupiter on the Capitoline was not far distant.

8. legiones: see on 22, 6, 3. supplicationem: originally a single

tionem in triduum decrevit. Eam supplicationem C. Hostilius praetor pro contione edixit, celebrataque a viris 9 feminisque est; omniaque templa per totum triduum aequalem turbam habuere, cum matronae amplissima veste cum liberis, perinde ac si debellatum foret, omni solutae Io metu deis inmortalibus grates agerent. Statum quoque

civitatis ea victoria firmavit, ut iam inde haud secus quam in pace res inter se contrahere vendendo, emendo, mutuum dando argentum creditumque solvendo auderent. II C. Claudius consul cum in castra redisset, caput Hasdrubalis, quod servatum cum cura attulerat, proici ante hostium stationes, captivosque Afros vinctos, ut erant, ostendi, duos etiam ex iis solutos ire ad Hannibalem et 12 expromere, quae acta essent, iussit. Hannibal, tanto simul publico familiarique ictus luctu, agnoscere se fortunam 13 Carthaginis fertur dixisse; castrisque inde motis, ut omnia

auxilia quae diffusa latius tueri non poterat in extremum Italiae angulum Bruttios contraheret, et Metapontinos, civitatem universam, excitos sedibus suis, et Lucanorum qui suae dicionis erant in Bruttium agrum traduxit.

Book XXX

Hannibal's Departure from Italy

19. Ad Cn. Servilium consulem, qui in Bruttiis erat, 10 Consentia, Aufugum, Bergae, Besidiae, Ocriculum, Lym-203 phaeum, Argentanum, Clampetia multique alii ignobiles populi, senescere Punicum bellum cernentes, defecere. Idem consul cum Hannibale in agro Crotoniensi acie con- 11 flixit. Obscura eius pugnae fama est. Valerius Antias

quinque milia hostium caesa ait; quae tanta res est, ut aut inpudenter ficta sit aut neglegenter praetermissa. Nihil 12 certe ultra rei in Italia ab Hannibale gestum; nam ad

already done; 27, 41, 1 in Lucanos ad Grumentum (Hannibal) venit spe recipiendi oppida, quae per metum ad Romanos defecissent. Bruttios: the omission of the prep. (see on 27, 50, 1) is somewhat harsh.- Metapontinos: Metapontum itself was in Lucania, but is distinguished from the other towns as being of Greek origin. Metapontum went over to Hannibal soon after the battle of Cannae, but did not get rid of its Roman garrison till 212, when it became an important base of supplies for Hannibal. The inhabitants were now removed to save them from Roman vengeance.

Book XXX. 1910-20. References: App. Hann. 57-61. Ihne, 2, 441-445. Mommsen, 2, 357358. Dodge, Hannibal, 592–595. 19. 10. Consentia Clampetia excepting the first and the last, the exact location of these towns is unknown.

II. Valerius Antias: see Introd. 7; 33, 10, 8 si Valerio qui credat omnium rerum inmodice numerum augenti. neglegenter praetermissa: i.e. if he has not lied, others have carelessly neglected to mention it.

12. certe in any case; i.e. whatever was the loss.quoque : Hannibal's brother, Mago, who

eum quoque legati ab Carthagine vocantes in Africam iis forte diebus, quibus ad Magonem, venerunt.

I 20. Frendens gemensque ac vix lacrimis temperans dici2 tur legatorum verba audisse. Postquam edita sunt mandata, "iam non perplexe" inquit, "sed palam revocant, qui vetando supplementum et pecuniam mitti iam pridem 3 retrahebant. Vicit ergo Hannibalem non populus Romanus, totiens caesus fugatusque, sed senatus Carthagi4 niensis obtrectatione atque invidia. Neque hac deformitate reditus mei tam P. Scipio exultabit atque efferet sese quam Hanno, qui domum nostram, quando alia re non potuit, 5 ruina Carthaginis oppressit." Iam hoc ipsum praesagiens animo praeparaverat ante naves. Itaque inutili militum turba praesidi specie in oppida Brutti agri, quae pauca metu magis quam fide continebantur, dimissa, quod roboris 6 in exercitu erat in Africam transvexit, multis Italici generis,

3. obtrectatione atque invidia : ill will and jealousy. App. Hann. 16 tells how his opponents inquired why Hannibal was asking for help when he was winning victories. Nepos, Hann. I multorum obtrectatio devicit unius virtutem.

4. P. : he had fought at Scipio: Trebia and at Cannae, and in 210, at the age of twenty-seven, had been appointed commander of the Roman forces in Spain. He returned to Rome in 206 and was elected consul for the next year.

efferet sese: see on 30, 30, 23. - Hanno: a leader of the party in Carthage which was opposed to Hannibal.