8 indignatus Hannibal dici ea in tali tempore audirique, adreptum Gisgonem manu sua ex superiore loco detraxit. Quae insueta liberae civitati species cum fremitum populi movis9 set, perturbatus militaris vir urbana libertate "Novem in quit "annorum a vobis profectus post sextum et tricesimum annum redii. Militares artes, quas me a puero fortuna 10 nunc privata nunc publica docuit, probe videor scire; urbis ac fori iura, leges, mores vos me oportet doceatis." Excusata inprudentia de pace multis verbis disseruit, quam nec II iniqua et necessaria esset. Id omnium maxime difficile erat, quod ex navibus per indutias captis nihil praeter ipsas conparebat naves; nec inquisitio erat facilis, adversanti12 bus paci qui arguerentur. Placuit naves reddi et homines utique inquiri; cetera, quae abessent, aestimanda Scipioni 13 permitti, atque ita pecunia luere Carthaginienses. Sunt qui Hannibalem ex acie ad mare pervenisse, inde praepa rata nave ad regem Antiochum extemplo profectum tradant, postulantique ante omnia Scipioni, ut Hannibal sibi traderetur, responsum esse Hannibalem in Africa non esse. Book XXXIII Proclamation of Greek Freedom after the Battle of Cynoscephalae B.C. 32. Isthmiorum statum ludicrum aderat, semper quidem 1 et alias frequens cum propter spectaculi studium insitum 196 genti, quo certamina omnis generis artium viriumque et pernicitatis visuntur, tum quia propter opportunitatem loci, 2 per duo diversa maria omnium rerum usus ministrantis humano generi, concilium Asiae Graeciaeque is mercatus erat; tum vero non ad solitos modo usus undique convenerant, 3 Book XXXIII. 32, 33. References: Polyb. 18, 46. Plut. Flam. IO. Ihne, 3, 68-69. 32. 1. Isthmiorum: the Isthmian games were celebrated near Corinth, in the first and third years of each Olympiad. They included gymnastic exercises, horse races, and competitions in music and poetry. In the negotiations with Philip after his defeat at Cynoscephalae, the senate had stipulated that he should withdraw his garrisons from Greek towns before the Isthmian games. semper alias: contrasted with tum vero in § 3. quo: in which; spectaculi is the antecedent. — artium . pernicitatis: virium and pernicitatis, including all the athletic sports, are contrasted with artium, comprising only poetry and music; sed expectatione erecti, qui deinde status futurus Graeciae, quae sua fortuna esset; alii alia non taciti solum opinabantur sed sermonibus etiam ferebant Romanos facturos; vix 4 cuiquam persuadebatur Graecia omni cessuros. Ad spec taculum consederant, et praeco cum tubicine, ut mos est, in mediam, aream, unde sollemni carmine ludicrum indici solet, 5 processit et tuba silentio facto ita pronuntiat: “Senatus Romanus et T. Quinctius imperator, Philippo rege Macedonibusque devictis, liberos, inmunes, suis legibus esse iubet Corinthios, Phocenses, Locrensesque omnis et insulam Euboeam et Magnetas, Thessalos, Perrhaebos, Achaeos 6 Phthiotas." Percensuerat omnis gentis, quae sub dicione Philippi regis fuerant. Audita voce praeconis maius gau 7 dium fuit quam quod universum homines acciperent. Vix tiptoe. — deinde from that time on. alia: obj. of facturos, the ind. disc. being introduced by both verbs, opinabantur and ferebant. 4. ad spectaculum: cf. 21, 42, I. aream: the stadium. — sollemni carmine: in established formula; for the meaning of sollemni see on 3, 36, 3. 5. senatus: theoretically, the right to declare war and conclude peace belonged to the people; in practice, both questions were decided by the senate. Val. Max. 4, 8, 5 has senatus populusque Romanus, and so Appian. — T. Quinctius: T. Quinctius Flamininus, consul in 198 and commander in the second war against Philip of Macedon, whom he defeated at Cynoscephalae in Thessaly in 197. liberos: politically free. inmunes: exempt from taxation; cf. 21, 45, 5. — suis legibus repeating somewhat more definitely the idea of liberos; cf. 33, 30, I f. pax data Philippo in has leges est, ut omnes Graecorum civitates, quae in Europa quaeque in Asia essent, libertatem ac suas haberent leges. iubet: for the singular verb see on 1, 3, 1. — Locrensesque omnis: Ozolian, Epicnemidian, and Opuntian. - Perrhaebos in southern Thessaly. Achaeos Phthiotas: southeast of Thessaly. In 33, 34, 6 the Orestae and Dolopes also are mentioned. 6. omnis gentis: other states which had been in alliance with Philip had already been won over by Flamininus or had been subdued. — quam . . . acciperent: cf. satis credere se quisque audisse, et alii alios intueri mirabundi velut ad somni vanam speciem; quod ad quemque pertinebat, suarum aurium fidei minimum credentes, proximos interrogabant. Revocatus praeco, cum unusquisque 8 non audire modo sed videre libertatis suae nuntium averet, iterum pronuntiavit eadem. Tum ab certo iam gaudio tan- 9 tus cum clamore plausus est ortus totiensque repetitus, ut facile adpareret nihil omnium bonorum multitudini gratius quam libertatem esse. Ludicrum deinde ita raptim perac- 10 tum est, ut nullius nec animi nec oculi spectaculo intenti essent; adeo unum gaudium praeoccupaverat omnium aliarum sensum voluptatium. I 33. Ludis vero dimissis cursu prope omnes tendere ad imperatorem Romanum, ut ruente turba in unum adire, 2 contingere dextram cupientium, coronas lemniscosque iacientium haud procul periculo fuerit. Sed erat trium 3 ferme et triginta annorum, et cum robur iuventae tum 9, 9, 14; 27, 50, 7. — universum : all at once. 7. ad for the meaning see on I, 25, 6. quod . . . pertinebat: as to that which concerned them individually; i.e. the treatment of their own states. 9. ab denoting cause, as in 1, I, 4. iam connect with certo. 10. animi: apparently an unparalleled use of the plural in this sense, applied to one person. praeoccupaverat: prevented. 33. 1. ludis . . . dimissis: the festival, for those attending it; as colloquially in English, "The play is out;" cf. 26, 15, 6 dimittens praetorium. The oppo site, ludos committere, is of frequent Occurrence. cursu on the run; cf. 9, 13, 2 cursu in hostem fe runtur. 2. in unum: to one place, together; connect with ruente. adire, contingere: this asyndeton and that between cupientium and iacientium emphasize the excitement of the crowd. coronas lemniscosque crowns with pendent ribbons; crowns thus adorned were the highest reward of victors in war and in the public games. fuerit for the tense see on I, 3, 4; imperator is the subject. 3. trium. . . triginta : consistent with the statement of Plutarch gaudium ex tam insigni gloriae fructu vires suppeditabat. 4 Nec praesens tantummodo effusa est laetitia, sed per multos dies gratis et cogitationibus et sermonibus renovata: 5 esse aliquam in terris gentem, quae sua inpensa, suo labore 6 ac periculo bella gerat pro libertate aliorum nec hoc finitimis aut propinquae vicinitatis hominibus aut terris conti7 nentibus iunctis praestet, sed maria traiciat, ne quod toto orbe terrarum iniustum imperium sit, ubique ius, fas, lex potentissima sint. Vna voce praeconis liberatas omnis 8 Graeciae atque Asiae urbes; hoc spe concipere audacis animi fuisse, ad effectum adducere et virtutis et fortunae ingentis. 4 BOOK XXXVIII Trial of Scipio 50. Oppressit deinde mentionem memoriamque omnem 187 contentionis huius maius et cum maiore et clariore viro B.C. |