mollire impetum adgrediuntur. Comitiorum illi habendorum, quando minimus natu sit, munus consensu iniungunt. Ars haec erat, ne semet ipse creare posset, quod praeter tri- 8 bunos plebi, et id ipsum pessimo exemplo, nemo umquam fecisset. Ille enimvero, quod bene vertat, habiturum se comitia professus, inpedimentum pro occasione adripuit, deiectisque honore per coitionem duobus Quinctiis, Capito- 9 lino et Cincinnato, et patruo suo C. Claudio, constantissimo viro in optimatium causa, et aliis eiusdem fastigi civibus, nequaquam splendore vitae pares decemviros creat, se in 10 primis, quod haud secus factum inprobabant boni, quam nemo facere ausurum crediderat. Creati cum eo M. Cor- II nelius Maluginensis, M. Sergius, L. Minucius, Q. Fabius Vibulanus, Q. Poetilius, T. Antonius Merenda, K. Duillius, Sp. Oppius Cornicen, M'. Rabuleius.

36. Ille finis Appio alienae personae ferendae fuit; suo I iam inde vivere ingenio coepit novosque collegas, iam prius-45

7. cupiditati: it seems to have been understood that the decemvirs were not to be reëlected, and for that reason the others opposed the desire of Appius. — obsecundando: i.e.. by pretending to acquiesce.

8. creare: i.e. to receive votes for himself and declare himself. elected; see on 9, 7, 15.- plebi : an unusual gen. from the nom. plebes. - enimvero: to be taken with professus; actually agreeing. - quod . . . vertat: see on 1, 28, I; these are the words of Appius. inpedimentum adripuit :

took a hindrance for an opportunity.

B.C.

2 quam inirent magistratum, in suos mores formare. Cotidie coibant remotis arbitris; inde inpotentibus instructi consiliis, quae secreto ab aliis coquebant, iam haud dissimulando superbiam, rari aditus, conloquentibus difficiles, ad 3 idus Maias rem perduxere. Idus tum Maiae sollemnes ineundis magistratibus erant. Inito igitur magistratu primum honoris diem denuntiatione ingentis terroris insignem fecere. Nam cum ita priores decemviri servassent, ut unus fasces haberet et hoc insigne regium in orbem suam cuiusque vicem per omnes iret, subito omnes cum duodenis fas4 cibus prodiere. Centum viginti lictores forum inpleverant, et cum fascibus secures inligatas praeferebant; nec attinuisse demi securem, cum sine provocatione creati essent, 5 interpretabantur. Decem regum species erat multiplicatusque terror non infimis solum sed primoribus patrum, ratis caedis causam ac principium quaeri, ut, si quis memorem libertatis vocem aut in senatu aut in populo misisset, statim

virgae securesque etiam ad ceterorum metum expedirentur. Nam praeterquam quod in populo nihil erat praesidi sub- 6 lata provocatione, intercessionem quoque consensu sustulerant, cum priores decemviri appellatione collegae corrigi reddita ab se iura tulissent, et quaedam, quae sui iudici videri possent, ad populum reiecissent. Aliquamdiu aequa- 7 tus inter omnes terror fuit; paulatim totus vertere in plebem coepit. Abstinebatur a patribus; in humiliores lubidinose crudeliterque consulebatur. Hominum, non causarum, toti erant, ut apud quos gratia vim aequi haberet. Iudicia domi conflabant, pronuntiabant in foro. Si quis 8 collegam appellasset, ab eo, ad quem venerat, ita discedebat, ut paeniteret non prioris decreto stetisse. Opinio 9 etiam sine auctore exierat non in praesentis modo temporis eos iniuriam conspirasse, sed foedus clandestinum inter ipsos iure iurando ictum, ne comitia haberent perpetuoque decemviratu possessum semel obtinerent imperium.

why the ax should be removed. attinuisse is the inf. of the impersonal verb attinet, it is of importance, and demi securem is its subject.

6. appellatione: see 3, 34, 8.collegae: objective genitive; cf. Cic. Quinct. 65 appellatio tribunorum. quaedam: see 3, 33, 10. - possent: see on 3, 34, 5. 7. lubidinose: arbitrarily. hominum, causarum: possessive genitive; cf. 3, 59, 4 quod adeo toti plebis fuissent, and Cic. Fam. 15,7 sum totus vester. The meaning is, They were influenced entirely by the rank of the individual

B C.

1 44. Sequitur aliud in urbe nefas, ab libidine ortum, haud 449 minus foedo eventu quam quod per stuprum caedemque Lucretiae urbe regnoque Tarquinios expulerat, ut non finis solum idem decemviris, qui regibus, sed causa etiam eadem imperi amittendi esset. Ap. Claudium virginis plebeiae 2 stuprandae libido cepit. Pater virginis, L. Verginius, honestum ordinem in Algido ducebat, vir exempli recti domi militiaeque. Perinde uxor instituta fuerat liberique insti3 tuebantur. Desponderat filiam L. Icilio tribunicio, viro 4 acri et pro causa plebis expertae virtutis. Hanc virginem adultam, forma excellentem, Appius amore amens pretio ac spe perlicere adortus, postquam omnia pudore saepta animadvertit, ad crudelem superbamque vim animum con5 vertit. M. Claudio clienti negotium dedit, ut virginem in servitutem adsereret, neque cederet secundum libertatem

difficulty of enlisting an army to repel attacks of the Sabines and Aequians, and unsuccessful operations against those peoples. In chap. 43 there is an account of the murder of L. Siccius, a soldier in the army fighting against the Sabines, who was agitating the question of a secession of the people.

like himself. liberique institue-
bantur his children were being
trained; so far as is known, Ver-
ginia was his only child; see 3,
45, 9.

3. tribunicio: see 3, 35, 5.
4. spe: promises.

5. Claudio: the client took the gentile name of his patron. In the earlier period, a client could not go to law in person, but was

44. 1. quod: sc. nefas; subject represented by his patron. It is of expulerat.

doubtful when the privilege of independent action was secured.

- in servitutem adsereret: a rare phrase, as the process itself was rare. On the other hand, in libertatem adserere or adserere alone. describing one of the regular methods of manumission, is of common Occurrence. For the exact mean

postulantibus vindicias, quod pater puellae abesset, locum iniuriae esse ratus. Virgini venienti in forum - ibi nam

6

Notos gratia eorum,
Iam a vi tuta erat, 8

que in tabernaculis litterarum ludi erant — minister decemviri libidinis manum iniecit, serva sua natam servamque appellans, sequique se iubebat: cunctantem vi abstracturum. Pavida puella stupente, ad clamorem nutricis fidem 7 Quiritium inplorantis fit concursus. Vergini patris sponsique Icili populare nomen celebratur. turbam indignitas rei virgini conciliat. cum adsertor nihil opus esse multitudine concitata ait: se iure grassari, non vi. Vocat puellam in ius. Auctoribus 9 qui aderant, ut sequeretur, ad tribunal Appi perventum est. Notam iudici fabulam petitor, quippe apud ipsum auctorem argumenti, peragit: puellam domi suae natam furtoque

ing of adsereret, cf. § 6 manum iniecit. - neque = et ne; see on I, 2, 4; cf. 3, 52, II. — cederet . . . vindicias: according to the Laws of the Twelve Tables (see § 12), until a case of this sort could be tried, the custody of the person was assigned to those who claimed that he was free, and they gave security for his appearance at the trial. In this case, Appius simply directed his client to disregard the law. secundum in; cf. 3, 45, 2. The literal meaning is, that he should not yield to those who claimed her for freedom; with postulare vindicias, to lay claim, cf. § 12 vindicias det.

6. namque: often in Livy the second word in the sentence; cf. 22, 50, 3; earlier prose writers placed it always first. - taberna

7. notos: friends and acquaintances, contrasted with turbam. — gratia eorum: regard for them; eorum is objective genitive.

8. adsertor: claimant; cf. § 5 adsereret. - grassari: see on 2, 27, 7. He had attempted at first to take the girl by force, but now, on account of the threatened disturbance, was going through the form of a legal process.

9. auctoribus: note the verbal force of this noun; those who were on her side advising her to follow. Cf. the use of transfuga in 2, 1, 4.aderant: sc. puellae; her supporters. - fabulam, argumenti: stage terms; see 7, 2, 8. fabula is the