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cēna, lasting till daybreak, | aquila, -ae, f., (eagle), the eagle,

all night.

ante-pōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positus,

place before, think of more importance, prefer. antiquus, -a, -um, [ante], adj., old; as noun, antiqui, -ōrum, m. pl., the ancients, men of old.

Antōnius, -a, name of a Roman

gens; C. Antonius Hybrida was Cicero's colleague in the consulship.

anxius, -a, -um, [ANG, squeeze],

adj., anxious, troubled. aperiō, -īre, aperui, apertus, [ab + pariō], open, disclose, explain.

apertē, [apertus, open], adv., openly, clearly, without re

serve.

apparātus, -a, -um, [apparō, prepare], adj., (made ready), sumptuous.

appellō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, [ad + pellō], address, speak to, accost; approach, appeal to; name, mention, call by name, call to, call. appetēns, -entis, [part. of ap

petō], adj. with gen., grasp ing after, eager for. appetō, -ere, -īvī or -i, -ītus, [ad + petō], strive after, aim at, seek, desire.

the standard of the Roman legion, consisting of a silver or

golden eagle carried on a pole. āra, -ae, f., altar.

arbiter, -trī, [ad + BA, go], m., spectator, witness. arbitror, -ārī, -ātus sum, [arbiter], be of the opinion, believe, consider, think.

arcessō, -ere, -īvi, -ītus, [ad + cēdō], call for, send for, summon, invite.

ārdēns, -entis, [ārdeō, burn], adj., fiery, ardent, intense. arduus, -a, -um, adj., steep;

difficult, arduous.

argenteus, -a, -um, [argentum], adj., of silver, silver.

argentum, -1, [ARG, bright], n.,

silver, silver money.

arma, -ōrum, [AR, fit], n. pl.,

arms, weapons. armātus, -a, -um, [part. of armō], adj., armed, in arms, well armed, equipped; as noun, armātī, -ōrum, m. pl., armed men, men in arms.

armō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, [arma], arm, equip.

arō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, [AR, plough],

plough, till, cultivate. Arrētīnus, -a, -um, [Arrētium],

adj., Arretine, of or pertaining to Arretium, a town in Etruria.

approbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, [ad + arrigō, -ere, -rēxī, -rēctus, [ad

probō], favor, approve.

aptus, -a, -um, [AP, lay hold],

adj., with ad, suited, adapted. apud, prep. with acc., with, among; at the house of; in the hands of; in the days of; at, in. Āpūlia, -ae, f., Apulia, a district in southeastern Italy.

+ regō], rouse, excite. ars, artis, [AR, fit], f., skill, art,

profession; conduct, practice, character; quality.

artē, [artus, close], adv., closely, compactly, in close array. ascisco, see adsciscō.

Asia, -ae, f., Asia Minor, Asia,

asper, -era, -erum, adj., rough, rugged; difficult, perilous; disagreeable, discouraging, desperate, disastrous.

āspernor, -ārī, -ātus sum, [ab+ spernor, despise], spurn, scorn. aspiciō, -ere, -exī, -ectus, [ad+ speciō, look], look upon, look at.

astūtia, -ae, [astūtus, wary], f., adroitness, shrewdness, cunning.

at, conj., introducing (1) a contrast, but, but on the other hand, but yet; (2) a qualification, but yet, and yet, nevertheless, however; (3) a direct opposition, but, but on the contrary; (4) an objection, at enim, but you say.

Athēniēnsēs, -ium, [Athēnae], m. pl., the Athenians. atque, before consonants ac, [ad +-que], conj., emphasizing what follows, and also, and even, as well as, and; and so, and further, and especially, moreover, and yet; simul ac, as soon as; iūxtā ac, just as, as little as; contra ac, contrary to what; alius atque, other than.

atrocitās, -ātis, [atrōx], f., enor

mity, atrocity.

atrōx, -ōcis, [āter, black], adj., atrocious, monstrous, inhuman, horrible; perilous. attendō, -ere, -tendi, -tentus,

[ad + tendō], direct one's attention to, attend to, consider. attentē, [attentus, attentive], adv., carefully, thoroughly. atterō, -ere, -trīvī, -trītus, [ad

+terō, rub], wear away, destroy, weaken, impair. attribuō, -ere, -uī, -ūtus, [ad + tribuō], assign, allot. attuli, see afferō.

auctor, -ōris, [AVG, grow], m., originator, doer; authority, source of information; voucher, guarantor, security. auctōritās, -ātis, [auctor], f., influence, authority, weight. audācia, -ae, [audāx], f., daring,

courage, boldness, effrontery, recklessness.

audācter, [audāx], adv., boldly, courageously.

audāx, -ācis, [audeō], adj., dar

ing, bold, reckless, audacious, foolhardy, desperate.

audeō, -ēre, ausus sum, semi

dep., venture, dare.

audio, -ire, -īvī or -ii, -ītus, hear,

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disqualified for bribery, became | bipartito, [DVI, two + partior,

one of Catiline's most active confederates. auxilium, -ī, [AVG, grow], n.,

help, aid, assistance, support. avāritia, -ae, [avārus, greedy of gain], f., greed, avarice, rapacity. avidus, -a, -um, [AV, desire],

adj., with gen., eager, desirous. ā-vortō, -ere, -tī, -sus, turn away, turn aside.

B.

barbarī, -ōrum, [BAR, stammer], m. pl., barbarians.

barbātus, -a, -um, [barba, beard],

adj., bearded.

beātus, -a, -um, [beō, make happy], adj., happy, prosperous, rich, well-to-do. bellicōsus, -a, -um, [bellicus,

warlike], adj., warlike. bellum, -1, [for duellum from

duō], n., war.

bēlua, -ae, f., beast, animal. bene, [bonus], adv., well; bene dicere or disserere, speak or discuss eloquently; bene consulere, deliberate wisely, prudently; bene pollicērī, make fair promises; bene facere, with dat., be of service to, benefit; bene facta, good deeds, benefits.

beneficium, -ī, [beneficus, gen

erous], n., kindness, service, favor, benefit.

Bēstia, -ae, m., a cōgnōmen in the Calpurnian gens; L. Calpurnius Bestia was one of Catiline's confederates. bīnī, -ae, -a, [DVI, two], distrib. num. adj., two each, two.

divide], adv., in two divisions, in two parties.

bonum, -1, [bonus], n., good thing, advantage, benefit, welfare, honor; the good, goodness; bona, -ōrum, n. pl., property, possessions; bona patria, inheritance, patrimony. bonus, -a, -um, comp. melior, sup. optumus (optimus), adj., good, respectable, honorable, worthy, brave, noble, true, honest, loyal; capable; valuable; bona fama, fair fame; as noun, bonī, -ōrum, m. pl., the higher classes, the aristocracy.

brevi, [abl. of brevis, sc. tempore], adv., in a short time, quickly.

brevis, -e, [BREG, break], adj., short, brief.

Bruttius, -a, -um, [Bruttii], adj., of the Bruttii, Bruttian; ager Bruttius, the country of the Bruttii, the southernmost district of Italy.

Brūtus, -ī, [brūtus, heavy], m., a Roman cōgnōmen; D. Iūnius Brutus, D. Junius Brutus, consul in B.C. 77, was the husband of Sempronia.

C.

C., abbreviation for Gaius, a Roman praenomen, or fore

name.

cadaver, -eris, [cadō], n., dead body, corpse.

cadō, -ere, cecidī, cāsūrus, [CAD, fall], fall; be killed; happen,

occur.

caedes, -is, [SCID, split], f., murder, massacre, slaughter. caelātus, -a, -um, [caelō, engrave], adj., carved, sculptured, engraved.

in the northwestern part of Rome, where the people assembled for games and military exercises, and for the elections at the comitia centuriāta.

caelum, -1, [CAV, hollow], n., sky, canis, -is, m. and f., dog.

heaven.

Caepārius, -1, [caepe, onion], m., a Roman name; Q. Caepārius (in Cic., M. Cēpārius), a Terracinian, was one of Catiline's confederates.

Caesar, -aris, m., name of a family in the Julian gens: (1) L. Iulius Caesar, L. Julius Caesar, consul B.C. 64, was an uncle of Mark Antony, and a distant relative of C. Julius Caesar.

(2) Gaius Iulius Caesar, Gaius Julius Caesar, the famous conqueror of Gaul and dictator, was leader of the popular party in B.C. 63. calamitās, -ātis, f., disaster, misfortune, ruin.

calamitōsus, -a, -um, [calami

tās], adj., disastrous, ruinous, unfortunate.

callidus, -a, -um, [calleō, be cal

lous], adj., shrewd, cunning, crafty.

cālō, -ōnis, m., camp-servant. calumnia, -ae, f., malicious ac

cusation, false charge. camera, -ae, [CAM, bend], f., vaulted or arched roof. Camers, -ertis, [Camerīnum],

m. and f., Camertian, an inhabitant of the town Camerinum in Umbria. campus, -1, [SCAMP, dig], m.,

plain; campus Martius, a grassy plain along the Tiber

canō, -ere, cecinī, cantus, [CAN,

sound], sound; sīgna canere, sound the signal for battle. capessō, -ere, -īvī, -ītus, [desid. from capio], (seize eagerly), take hold of; capessere rem publicam, take an active interest in the state. capillus, -ī, [caput], m., the hair. capiō, -ere, cēpī, captus, [CAP,

take], take, take up, seize; take captive, capture; captivate, fascinate; take by storm, carry by assault; form, conceive, receive, contain; consilium capere, adopt.

capitālis, -e, [caput], adj., (in

volving life), capital; rēs capitālis, capital crime. Capitō, -ōnis, [caput], m., a Roman name; P. Gabinius Capito, of the equestrian order, was one of Catiline's chief confederates.

Capitolium, -1, [caput], n., the

Capitol, the temple of Jupiter on the Capitoline Hill in Rome. captō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, [freq. from capiō], grasp at, strive after.

Capua, -ae, f., Capua, the capital of Campania, a rich and luxurious city. caput, capitis, n., head; suprā

caput esse, descend upon, be close at hand.

carcer, carceris, m., prison;

especially the state prison at

Rome in the north corner of the Forum.

careō, -ēre, -ui, -itūrus, with abl., be deprived of, do without, abstain from.

carptim, [carpō, pick], adv., piecemeal, in parts, for different periods. Carthaginiensis, -is, [Carthagō],

m. and f., Carthaginian. Carthagō, -inis, f., Carthage, a powerful city on the north coast of Africa, near the modern Tunis.

cārus, -a, -um, adj., dear, precious.

Cassius, -a, name of a Roman

gens; L. Cassius Longinus, a senator, was one of Catiline's chief conspirators.

castra, -ōrum, n. pl., camp, encampment.

castrensis, -e, [castra], adj., of

after the defeat at Thapsus in B.C. 46, rather than submit to Caesar, he committed suicide at Utica, whence he was called Uticēnsis.

Catulus, -ī, m., name of a family of the Lutatian gens; Q. Lutātius Catulus, consul B.C. 78, was a highly respected leader of the senatorial party. causa, -ae, f., cause, reason, motive, occasion; ea causā, on this account; causā with preceding gen., for the sake of, on account of; in law, judicial process; causā cōgnitā, after a judicial investigation. caveō, -ēre, cāvī, cautus, be on one's guard; cavēre ab, guard against, take precautions against; cavēte foll. by subj., beware of, take care not to, see that you do not.

force appended to pronouns, as, hīce, huiusce.

the camp; latrocinium cas--ce, enclitic particle with demon. trense (brigandage with a camp), i.e. open brigandage. cāsus, -ūs, [CAD, fall], m., acci

dent, chance; mishap, misfortune, disaster.

caterva, -ae, f., crowd, band,

company.

Catilina, -ae, m., name of a Roman family of the Sergian gens; L. Sergius Catilina, L. Sergius Catiline, see Introduction.

Catō, -ōnis, [catus, shrewd], m., name of a Roman family of the Porcian gens; M. Porcius Catō, great-grandson of Cato the Censor, was famed for his firmness and integrity; at the time of Catiline's conspiracy, he was a prominent senator;

cēdō, -ere, cessi, cessus, with

dat., yield, give way, retire, retreat, resign, submit; locō cēdere, abandon one's post; result, happen; prōsperē cēdere, succeed.

celebrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, [celeber, celebrated], celebrate, honor, make famous. Celer, -eris, [celer, swift], m., a Roman cognōmen in the family of the Metelli, see Metellus (2).

celeritās, -ātis, [celer, swift], f., quickness, swiftness, speedy action.

celeriter, [celer], adv., quickly, speedily.

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